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Beyrichodinium
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Beyrichodinium, Below, 1990, p.69–70.
Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.60), this name is validly published since the name of the "type species" is validly published.
Type: Below, 1990, pl.17, figs.6–10, as Beyrichodinium radiatum.
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Original description: [Below, 1990]: (Translation: LPP)
Diagnosis:
vesicle/table arrangement of dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3`, 3a, 6``, 7c, 6```, 2````, as, FM, ls, rs, ps; growth of thecal plates ?gonyaulcoid. Zygote cyst habit proximate to chorate, acavate to apiculocavate, spheroidal, ovoidal, ellipsoidal, polyhedrical; wall composed of thin pedium and granulose-prismatically structured luxuria, which also forms the numerous hollow or solid appendices. processes areate, intraareate or finate, not, patially or entirely reflecting the thecal tabulation; areation scheme NR Pr/X PR/cop, pop cap, NR`/3`, 1a(arch), 2a(arch), 3a(arch)/3a, NR``/6``, NRc/Xc/7c, NR```/6```, NR````/2````, NRs/Xs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps; archaeopyle anterior intercalary, 1a+2a+3a; operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 1a(s)+2a(s)+3a(s).
Affinities:
The mostly disorderly arrangement of the processes in the now known species does not allow a direct deduction of the areation scheme. Only the archaeopyle sutures and the outline of the three opercular plates allow conclusions about the areation. Exactly this arrangement is found in specimens of Evansia eschachensis and Evansia granospongiosa, in which, as a variation in the area-constellation, 1a borders 1`` (fig. 21a). On the basis of this conformity, the Evansia-scheme is assumed for Beyrichodinium thecae see (fig. 20).
Beyrichodinium differs from Evansia, which also includes species with a clear areation, in its partially very long processes, which in the type species are divided over the surface without recognizable scheme, or accumulate into intraareate groups or scarcely stand in peniareate position.
In the literature, several species were described which resemble Beyrichodinium radiatum in the spheroidal habit, the more or less long and numerous and also morphologically similar processes. They are assigned to genera like Cleitosphaeridium, Dapsilidinium and Hystrichosphaeridium, neither of which, however, possesses an anterior intercalary archaeopyle. Upon closer study, perhaps some of these species would also prove to possess the 3a-archaeopyle.
Beyrichodinium, Below, 1990, p.69–70.
Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.60), this name is validly published since the name of the "type species" is validly published.
Type: Below, 1990, pl.17, figs.6–10, as Beyrichodinium radiatum.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Below, 1990]: (Translation: LPP)
Diagnosis:
vesicle/table arrangement of dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3`, 3a, 6``, 7c, 6```, 2````, as, FM, ls, rs, ps; growth of thecal plates ?gonyaulcoid. Zygote cyst habit proximate to chorate, acavate to apiculocavate, spheroidal, ovoidal, ellipsoidal, polyhedrical; wall composed of thin pedium and granulose-prismatically structured luxuria, which also forms the numerous hollow or solid appendices. processes areate, intraareate or finate, not, patially or entirely reflecting the thecal tabulation; areation scheme NR Pr/X PR/cop, pop cap, NR`/3`, 1a(arch), 2a(arch), 3a(arch)/3a, NR``/6``, NRc/Xc/7c, NR```/6```, NR````/2````, NRs/Xs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps; archaeopyle anterior intercalary, 1a+2a+3a; operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 1a(s)+2a(s)+3a(s).
Affinities:
The mostly disorderly arrangement of the processes in the now known species does not allow a direct deduction of the areation scheme. Only the archaeopyle sutures and the outline of the three opercular plates allow conclusions about the areation. Exactly this arrangement is found in specimens of Evansia eschachensis and Evansia granospongiosa, in which, as a variation in the area-constellation, 1a borders 1`` (fig. 21a). On the basis of this conformity, the Evansia-scheme is assumed for Beyrichodinium thecae see (fig. 20).
Beyrichodinium differs from Evansia, which also includes species with a clear areation, in its partially very long processes, which in the type species are divided over the surface without recognizable scheme, or accumulate into intraareate groups or scarcely stand in peniareate position.
In the literature, several species were described which resemble Beyrichodinium radiatum in the spheroidal habit, the more or less long and numerous and also morphologically similar processes. They are assigned to genera like Cleitosphaeridium, Dapsilidinium and Hystrichosphaeridium, neither of which, however, possesses an anterior intercalary archaeopyle. Upon closer study, perhaps some of these species would also prove to possess the 3a-archaeopyle.