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Andalusiella
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Andalusiella, Riegel, 1974, p. 357; Emendations: Riegel and Sarjeant, 1982, p. 287, 289; Masure et al., 1996, p. 172–173, 177
nomencl. sr. syn. of Alterbia Lentin and Williams, 1976 (which is an illegitimate name); tax. sr. synonym of Alterbia, according to Lentin and Williams, 1976
Type species: Andalusiella mauthei, Riegel, 1974 (pl.2, fig.4)] ; emend. Riegel and Sarjeant, 1982
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Original description: [Riegel, 1974]:
Diagnosis:
Rhomboidal cyst with strong apical and two unequal antapical horns. Antapical horns contiguous or fused at base, left horn short, right horn
long. Girdle and sulcus visible, sulcus with flagellar structure, archeopyle intercalary. Thick inner and thin outer wall closely adhering, clearly distinct capsule lacking. Peridinoid tabulation indicated.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 94:
Synopsis: Cyst proximate, cornucavate; body compressed ellipsoidal with a prominent apical and two normally short antapical horns, which are close together and near the longitudinal axis; paratabulation indicated by archaeopyle and paracingulum; former intercalary, Type I or I/I.
Description:
Shape: Body compressed ellipsoidal with a prominent horn and two unequally developed, generally short antapical horns. Antapical horns which are close together and near longitudinal axis, may have a common base.
Wall relationships: Cyst cornucavate; periphragm thinner than endophragm.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Periphragm smooth, finely granular, or wrinkled.
Paratabulation: Generally indicated by archaeopyle and and cingulum; vague indication of additional paratabulation may be present.
Archaeopyle: Intercalary, Type I or I/I (2a only); operculum free; archaeopyle index 0.3 to 0.4.
Paracingulum: Indicated by faint transverse equatorial depression, which may be bordered by folds.
Parasulcus: Indicated by shallow, poorly delimited longitudinal depression on hypocyst; flagellar scar may be present near anterior end.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
Andalusiella differs from Phelodinium in that it has a rounded rather than pentagonal outline, and in that its two antapical horns, which are near the longitudinal axis, are close together instead of widely separated as in Phelodinium. Andalusiella differs from Palaeocystodinium in having two rather than one antapical horn.
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Emended descriptions:
Riegel and Sarjeant, 1982:
Diagnosis:
Cyst proximate, cornucavate to acrocavate, rhomboidal to spindle-shaped in ambitus.
Apical horn as long as, or longer than, the longest of the two antapical horns, with an apicular structure (often lost). Antapical horns very unequal in development, with left horn short and sometimes marked only by an angularity in the cyst wall, right horn markedly longer. Bases of horns may be closed by plugs (epistomia).
Archaeopyle intercalary single-plate and of the `standard hexa` type of Lentin and Williams (1975), formed by loss of paraplate 2a; operculum attached or free.
Separation of other epitractal paraplates may also occur; and the positions of other paraplates may be indicated by poorly marked sutures.
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Masure et al., 1996:
Diagnosis:
Cyst proximate, fusiform in outline, cornucavate or acrocavate. Spheroidal to rhomboidal central body prolongated with apical horn and one or two unequal contiguous or fused antapical horns. The apical horn is as long as or even longer than the longest antapical horn. The apical horn has an often lost apicular structure. Antapical horns are dissociated or associated close together to the longitudinal axis. The left antapical horn is much longer than the right one which may be reduced to a tiny thorn or absent. Wall composed of a thin periphragm and a thicker colorless endophragm or of brown colour. The endophragm shows thickenings (epistomia) in horn areas and may extend into the horn (acrocavate). Periphragm and endophragm are generally in close contact on the central body. Peridinioid paratabulation is indicated by an archeopyle and a paracingulum and occasionally by parasutural features; ornamentation delineates peridinioid paratabulation, on ventral epicyst, 1` with ortho style of Steidinger and Williams (1970, p. 13), on dorsal epicyst paraplate 2a with hexa type of Lentin and Williams, 1975 (ortho/hexa type of Evitt, 1985). Parasulcus with well developed flagellar scars. Intercalary archeopyle of I/I type, 2a isodeltaform, operculum monoplacoid, free, occasionally adherent.
[Andalusiella, Riegel, 1974, p. 357; Emendations: Riegel and Sarjeant, 1982, p. 287, 289; Masure et al., 1996, p. 172–173, 177
nomencl. sr. syn. of Alterbia Lentin and Williams, 1976 (which is an illegitimate name); tax. sr. synonym of Alterbia, according to Lentin and Williams, 1976
Type species: Andalusiella mauthei, Riegel, 1974 (pl.2, fig.4)] ; emend. Riegel and Sarjeant, 1982
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Riegel, 1974]:
Diagnosis:
Rhomboidal cyst with strong apical and two unequal antapical horns. Antapical horns contiguous or fused at base, left horn short, right horn
long. Girdle and sulcus visible, sulcus with flagellar structure, archeopyle intercalary. Thick inner and thin outer wall closely adhering, clearly distinct capsule lacking. Peridinoid tabulation indicated.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 94:
Synopsis: Cyst proximate, cornucavate; body compressed ellipsoidal with a prominent apical and two normally short antapical horns, which are close together and near the longitudinal axis; paratabulation indicated by archaeopyle and paracingulum; former intercalary, Type I or I/I.
Description:
Shape: Body compressed ellipsoidal with a prominent horn and two unequally developed, generally short antapical horns. Antapical horns which are close together and near longitudinal axis, may have a common base.
Wall relationships: Cyst cornucavate; periphragm thinner than endophragm.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Periphragm smooth, finely granular, or wrinkled.
Paratabulation: Generally indicated by archaeopyle and and cingulum; vague indication of additional paratabulation may be present.
Archaeopyle: Intercalary, Type I or I/I (2a only); operculum free; archaeopyle index 0.3 to 0.4.
Paracingulum: Indicated by faint transverse equatorial depression, which may be bordered by folds.
Parasulcus: Indicated by shallow, poorly delimited longitudinal depression on hypocyst; flagellar scar may be present near anterior end.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
Andalusiella differs from Phelodinium in that it has a rounded rather than pentagonal outline, and in that its two antapical horns, which are near the longitudinal axis, are close together instead of widely separated as in Phelodinium. Andalusiella differs from Palaeocystodinium in having two rather than one antapical horn.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended descriptions:
Riegel and Sarjeant, 1982:
Diagnosis:
Cyst proximate, cornucavate to acrocavate, rhomboidal to spindle-shaped in ambitus.
Apical horn as long as, or longer than, the longest of the two antapical horns, with an apicular structure (often lost). Antapical horns very unequal in development, with left horn short and sometimes marked only by an angularity in the cyst wall, right horn markedly longer. Bases of horns may be closed by plugs (epistomia).
Archaeopyle intercalary single-plate and of the `standard hexa` type of Lentin and Williams (1975), formed by loss of paraplate 2a; operculum attached or free.
Separation of other epitractal paraplates may also occur; and the positions of other paraplates may be indicated by poorly marked sutures.
---------------------------------------
Masure et al., 1996:
Diagnosis:
Cyst proximate, fusiform in outline, cornucavate or acrocavate. Spheroidal to rhomboidal central body prolongated with apical horn and one or two unequal contiguous or fused antapical horns. The apical horn is as long as or even longer than the longest antapical horn. The apical horn has an often lost apicular structure. Antapical horns are dissociated or associated close together to the longitudinal axis. The left antapical horn is much longer than the right one which may be reduced to a tiny thorn or absent. Wall composed of a thin periphragm and a thicker colorless endophragm or of brown colour. The endophragm shows thickenings (epistomia) in horn areas and may extend into the horn (acrocavate). Periphragm and endophragm are generally in close contact on the central body. Peridinioid paratabulation is indicated by an archeopyle and a paracingulum and occasionally by parasutural features; ornamentation delineates peridinioid paratabulation, on ventral epicyst, 1` with ortho style of Steidinger and Williams (1970, p. 13), on dorsal epicyst paraplate 2a with hexa type of Lentin and Williams, 1975 (ortho/hexa type of Evitt, 1985). Parasulcus with well developed flagellar scars. Intercalary archeopyle of I/I type, 2a isodeltaform, operculum monoplacoid, free, occasionally adherent.