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Mancodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Mancodinium, Morgenroth, 1970, p. 352; Emendation: Below, 1987b, p. 20–22.
Tax. sen. syn.: Dapcodinium, according to Dörhöfer and Davies (1980, p.23) — however, Lentin and Williams (1985, p.230) retained Mancodinium.
Type species: Mancodinium semitabulatum, Morgenroth, 1970 (pl.12, fig.3)] ; emend. Below, 1987
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Original description: [Morgenroth, 1970]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 213):
Description:
Dinoflagellate cysts with tabulated epitract; hypotract normally without recognizable tabulation. Reflected tabulation: 4`, 4a, 7``, 0c, 0```, Op, O````. An undivided laevo-rotatory cingulum and a sulcus may be indicated by slight intrusions on the test. An apical horn may be present. Archeopyle epithecal. The compound free operculum corresponds to all plates reflected on the epitract. It is divided into eight pieces, representing seven separate precingular plates and one piece composed of four apical and four anterior intercalary plates (Archeopyle type Al + 7P).
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Modified description:
Stover and Evit, 1978, p. 213:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, subspherical to ellipsoidal; indications of paratabulation on epicyst only; combination archeopyle, Type tAtl + 7P.
Modified description: Shape: Subspherical to ellipsoidal.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural features occur on epicyst onIy and consist of narrow linear markings without ornamentation. Autophragm granulate, areolate, or spinulate.
Paratabulation: Indicated by parasutural features and opercular pieces; formula for epicyst: 4`, 4a, 7". No paratabulation expressed on hypocyst.
Archeopyle: Combination archeopyle, Type tAtl + 7P; principal archeopyle suture immediately anterior to paracingulum; operculum free, consists of eight opercular pieces--seven separate precingular paraplates and a single piece that includes paraplates 1 to 4` and 1a to 4a.
Paracingulum: Not indicated, or suggested by an ill-defined, transverse, very shallow depression.
Parasulcus : Position commonly indicated by a ventral depression that is more strongly developed on the hypocyst.
Size: Small.
Affinities:
Mancodinium differs from Mendicodinium in having the paratabulation expressed on the epicyst and in having a Type tAtl + 7P rather than a Type tAtP archeopyle.
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Emended description:
Below, 1987: (Translation: Secretary of State, Canada, Translation Bureau, p. 59-60)
Diagnosis:
Arrangement of vesicles / plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma PR, 4`, 4a, 7``, 7c, 6```, 2````, as, FM subdivided into several periflagellar areae, 1s, rs, ps; pentagonal 1```` and hexagonal 2```` partiform; omegaform ps very large.
Cyst habitat proximate, acavate, cavate, sphaeroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, poles rounded, acuminate, or with horn, antapex flattened or asymmetrical with dextral antapical bulge; wall composed of pedium and spongy, prismatic luxuria, surface ornamented, unornamented, nonareate or partially or completely subdivided by finate ornament, limbi, or intraareate ornamentation; areation formula NR PR/cop, pop, NR`/4`, NRa/4a, NR``/7``, NRc/7c, NR```/6```, NR````/2````, NRs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps, 2 antapicals partiform; omegaform ps very large; archaeopyle epicystal, PR+1`+2`+3`+4`+1a+2a+3a+4a+1``+2``+3``+4``+5``+6``+7``, operculum foederate (partim), secate, general opercular formula (PR+1`+2`+3`+4`+1a+2a+3a+4a)(s)+1``(s)+2``(s)+3``(s)+4``(s)+5``(s)+6``(s)+7``(s).
[Mancodinium, Morgenroth, 1970, p. 352; Emendation: Below, 1987b, p. 20–22.
Tax. sen. syn.: Dapcodinium, according to Dörhöfer and Davies (1980, p.23) — however, Lentin and Williams (1985, p.230) retained Mancodinium.
Type species: Mancodinium semitabulatum, Morgenroth, 1970 (pl.12, fig.3)] ; emend. Below, 1987
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Original description: [Morgenroth, 1970]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 213):
Description:
Dinoflagellate cysts with tabulated epitract; hypotract normally without recognizable tabulation. Reflected tabulation: 4`, 4a, 7``, 0c, 0```, Op, O````. An undivided laevo-rotatory cingulum and a sulcus may be indicated by slight intrusions on the test. An apical horn may be present. Archeopyle epithecal. The compound free operculum corresponds to all plates reflected on the epitract. It is divided into eight pieces, representing seven separate precingular plates and one piece composed of four apical and four anterior intercalary plates (Archeopyle type Al + 7P).
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Modified description:
Stover and Evit, 1978, p. 213:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, subspherical to ellipsoidal; indications of paratabulation on epicyst only; combination archeopyle, Type tAtl + 7P.
Modified description: Shape: Subspherical to ellipsoidal.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural features occur on epicyst onIy and consist of narrow linear markings without ornamentation. Autophragm granulate, areolate, or spinulate.
Paratabulation: Indicated by parasutural features and opercular pieces; formula for epicyst: 4`, 4a, 7". No paratabulation expressed on hypocyst.
Archeopyle: Combination archeopyle, Type tAtl + 7P; principal archeopyle suture immediately anterior to paracingulum; operculum free, consists of eight opercular pieces--seven separate precingular paraplates and a single piece that includes paraplates 1 to 4` and 1a to 4a.
Paracingulum: Not indicated, or suggested by an ill-defined, transverse, very shallow depression.
Parasulcus : Position commonly indicated by a ventral depression that is more strongly developed on the hypocyst.
Size: Small.
Affinities:
Mancodinium differs from Mendicodinium in having the paratabulation expressed on the epicyst and in having a Type tAtl + 7P rather than a Type tAtP archeopyle.
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Emended description:
Below, 1987: (Translation: Secretary of State, Canada, Translation Bureau, p. 59-60)
Diagnosis:
Arrangement of vesicles / plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma PR, 4`, 4a, 7``, 7c, 6```, 2````, as, FM subdivided into several periflagellar areae, 1s, rs, ps; pentagonal 1```` and hexagonal 2```` partiform; omegaform ps very large.
Cyst habitat proximate, acavate, cavate, sphaeroidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, poles rounded, acuminate, or with horn, antapex flattened or asymmetrical with dextral antapical bulge; wall composed of pedium and spongy, prismatic luxuria, surface ornamented, unornamented, nonareate or partially or completely subdivided by finate ornament, limbi, or intraareate ornamentation; areation formula NR PR/cop, pop, NR`/4`, NRa/4a, NR``/7``, NRc/7c, NR```/6```, NR````/2````, NRs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps, 2 antapicals partiform; omegaform ps very large; archaeopyle epicystal, PR+1`+2`+3`+4`+1a+2a+3a+4a+1``+2``+3``+4``+5``+6``+7``, operculum foederate (partim), secate, general opercular formula (PR+1`+2`+3`+4`+1a+2a+3a+4a)(s)+1``(s)+2``(s)+3``(s)+4``(s)+5``(s)+6``(s)+7``(s).