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Carpathodinium
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Carpathodinium, Drugg, 1978, p.64.
Emendation: Below, 1990, p.44.
Type: Beju, 1971, pl.4, figs.4a–b; textfig.5, as Meiourogonyaulax? predae.
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Original description: [Drugg, 1978]:
Diagnosis:
Elongated cyst with clear paratabulation: 3`, 3a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 1p, 1````.
The archeopyle is apparently formed by the loss of paraplates 2` and 2a``.
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Modified description:
Stover and Williams 1987, p. 49-50:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, elongate ellipsoidal; generally complete paratabulation shown by smooth, continuous, parasutural ridges indicating a formula of 3`, 3a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 1p, 1````; archeopyle apparently formed by release of paraplates 2` and 2a or 2a only, operculum free.
Description:
Shape: Elongate ellipsoidal; small apical projection consistently present.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural ridges as well as autophragm smooth or faintly ornamented; ridges occasionally slightly beaded.
Archeopyle: Combined apical and intercalary, Type AI, seemingly formed by the loss of paraplates 2` and 2a or 2a only; operculum free. Paratabulation: Clearly and generally completely expressed by parasutural features, formula: 3`, 3a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 1p, 1````.
Paracingulum: Indicated by six rectangular to subrectangular transversely elongate paraplates.
Parasulcus: Narrow, undivided area extending from the base of paraplate 3` to the antapical margin; antapical end slightly wider than apical end.
Size: Small to intermediate, about 45 μm to 75 μm in length.
Affinities:
Carpathodinium differs from Paragonyaulacysta Johnson and Hills 1973 in having a combined apical and precingular, Type AI (2`, 2a) archeopyle rather than a 2I (1a, 2a) archeopyle. A reasonable possibility exists that Paragonyaulacysta and Carpathodinium are congeneric; however, restudy of P. calloviensis Johnson and Hills 1973 is needed for confirmation.
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Emended description:
Below, 1990: (Translation: LPP):
Diagnosis:
Vesicle/plate arrangement of dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3`, 4a, 6``, 7c, 6```, 1````, as, FM, ls, rs, ps; 1` exsert; adelopore on the suture 1`/6`; growth of thecal plates gonyaulacoidal.
Zygote cyst habit proximate, proximochorate, acavate, cavate, elongate to squat ellipsoidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, poluhedrical or spheroidal, also with apical protruberance (horn, bulge); wall consisting of pedium and luxuria, surface smooth to ornamented, nonareate or partially or completely reflecting the thecal tabulation by finate ornaments or limbi; areation scheme NR PR/XPR/cop, pop, cap, NR`/3`, NRa/2a(arch), 3a(arch)/4a, NR``/6``, NRc/Xc/7c, NR```/6```, NR````/2````, NRs/Xs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps; 1` exsert, porichnion on finis 1`/6`; archaeopyle anterior intercalary, 2a+3a; operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 2a(s)+3a(s).
Affinities:
Carpathodinium differs from gresslyodiniuim, Paragonyaulacysta and Paraevansia in its 4 anterior intercalaries, of which only 2a and 3a are removed as opercular plates. Only Evansia eschachensis has variants with 4 anterior intercalaries, of which 2a and 3a , rarely also 4a are removed. However 1` is not exsert in this species, but adjoins PR (insert).
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Carpathodinium Drugg, 1978, emend. Below, 1990. Below (1990, p. ) emended the diagnosis as follows, arrangement of plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3`, 4a, 6", 7c, 6"' , 1"'' , as, FM, ls, rs, ps. First apical exsert, adelopore on 1'/6" suture. Cyst proximate, proximochorate, acavate, cavate, elongate to compressed ellipsoidal, ovoidal, polyhedral or spheroidal, and with apical horn or bulge. Wall smooth to ornamented. Archeopyle anterior intercalary, 2a + 3a, operculum solvate, opercular pieces secate.
Carpathodinium, Drugg, 1978, p.64.
Emendation: Below, 1990, p.44.
Type: Beju, 1971, pl.4, figs.4a–b; textfig.5, as Meiourogonyaulax? predae.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Drugg, 1978]:
Diagnosis:
Elongated cyst with clear paratabulation: 3`, 3a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 1p, 1````.
The archeopyle is apparently formed by the loss of paraplates 2` and 2a``.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Williams 1987, p. 49-50:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, elongate ellipsoidal; generally complete paratabulation shown by smooth, continuous, parasutural ridges indicating a formula of 3`, 3a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 1p, 1````; archeopyle apparently formed by release of paraplates 2` and 2a or 2a only, operculum free.
Description:
Shape: Elongate ellipsoidal; small apical projection consistently present.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural ridges as well as autophragm smooth or faintly ornamented; ridges occasionally slightly beaded.
Archeopyle: Combined apical and intercalary, Type AI, seemingly formed by the loss of paraplates 2` and 2a or 2a only; operculum free. Paratabulation: Clearly and generally completely expressed by parasutural features, formula: 3`, 3a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 1p, 1````.
Paracingulum: Indicated by six rectangular to subrectangular transversely elongate paraplates.
Parasulcus: Narrow, undivided area extending from the base of paraplate 3` to the antapical margin; antapical end slightly wider than apical end.
Size: Small to intermediate, about 45 μm to 75 μm in length.
Affinities:
Carpathodinium differs from Paragonyaulacysta Johnson and Hills 1973 in having a combined apical and precingular, Type AI (2`, 2a) archeopyle rather than a 2I (1a, 2a) archeopyle. A reasonable possibility exists that Paragonyaulacysta and Carpathodinium are congeneric; however, restudy of P. calloviensis Johnson and Hills 1973 is needed for confirmation.
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Emended description:
Below, 1990: (Translation: LPP):
Diagnosis:
Vesicle/plate arrangement of dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3`, 4a, 6``, 7c, 6```, 1````, as, FM, ls, rs, ps; 1` exsert; adelopore on the suture 1`/6`; growth of thecal plates gonyaulacoidal.
Zygote cyst habit proximate, proximochorate, acavate, cavate, elongate to squat ellipsoidal, ovaloidal, ovoidal, poluhedrical or spheroidal, also with apical protruberance (horn, bulge); wall consisting of pedium and luxuria, surface smooth to ornamented, nonareate or partially or completely reflecting the thecal tabulation by finate ornaments or limbi; areation scheme NR PR/XPR/cop, pop, cap, NR`/3`, NRa/2a(arch), 3a(arch)/4a, NR``/6``, NRc/Xc/7c, NR```/6```, NR````/2````, NRs/Xs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps; 1` exsert, porichnion on finis 1`/6`; archaeopyle anterior intercalary, 2a+3a; operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 2a(s)+3a(s).
Affinities:
Carpathodinium differs from gresslyodiniuim, Paragonyaulacysta and Paraevansia in its 4 anterior intercalaries, of which only 2a and 3a are removed as opercular plates. Only Evansia eschachensis has variants with 4 anterior intercalaries, of which 2a and 3a , rarely also 4a are removed. However 1` is not exsert in this species, but adjoins PR (insert).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Carpathodinium Drugg, 1978, emend. Below, 1990. Below (1990, p. ) emended the diagnosis as follows, arrangement of plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3`, 4a, 6", 7c, 6"' , 1"'' , as, FM, ls, rs, ps. First apical exsert, adelopore on 1'/6" suture. Cyst proximate, proximochorate, acavate, cavate, elongate to compressed ellipsoidal, ovoidal, polyhedral or spheroidal, and with apical horn or bulge. Wall smooth to ornamented. Archeopyle anterior intercalary, 2a + 3a, operculum solvate, opercular pieces secate.