Data plotted here is from DINOSTRAT, available via Zenodo: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7791273. Please cite Bijl, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-579-2022 when using this data.


Plots are based on the following information

FO/LO	Location	Taxon	Source	Calibration	Age (Ma)	Paleolatitude
FO	North Yorkshire	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2000	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	43.266512285714285
FO	North Yorkshire	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2000	0.3 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.88799999999998	43.30470643428571
FO	Yorkshire	Valvaeodinium armatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Amaltheus margaritatus	188	41.66666142857143
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium armatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Amaltheus margaritatus	188	42.83327142857143
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Amaltheus margaritatus	188	42.83327142857143
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Amaltheus margaritatus	188	42.83327142857143
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium flos	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	41.341655749999994
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	41.341655749999994
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium lineatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	41.341655749999994
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	41.341655749999994
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	41.341655749999994
FO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium stipulatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	41.341655749999994
FO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium hirsutum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	28.566
FO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	28.566
FO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	28.566
FO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	28.566
FO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium stipulatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	28.566
FO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Pleuroceras spinatum	185.6	28.887999999999998
FO	Hungary	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	34.333999999999996
FO	Hungary	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	34.333999999999996
FO	Hungary	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Pleuroceras spinatum	185.6	34.711999999999996
FO	Bulgaria	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Amaltheus margaritatus	188	42.400000000000006
FO	Bulgaria	Valvaeodinium flos	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	42.91
FO	Greece	Valvaeodinium hirsutum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	29.159999999999997
FO	Greece	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	29.159999999999997
FO	Greece	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	29.159999999999997
FO	Greece	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	0 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	184.2	29.159999999999997
FO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Uptonia jamesoni	192.9	68.72999978571428
FO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium aquilonium	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Harpoceras serpentinum	183.16	72.48697371428571
FO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium cavum	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Hildoceras bifrons	181.17	72.89243501
FO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Grammoceras thouarsense	178.34	72.76578402
FO	North Sea Compilation	Valvaeodinium armatum	Riding and Thomas, 1992	0 in amm_b_Amaltheus margaritatus	188	42.59567285714285
FO	North Sea Compilation	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Riding and Thomas, 1992	0 in amm_b_Stephanoceras humphriesianum	170.09	39.801707050000005
FO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium sphaerechinatum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0 in amm_b_Stephanoceras humphriesianum	170.09	35.9131467
FO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0.75 in amm_b_Stephanoceras humphriesianum	169.82750000000001	35.923743825
FO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium vermicylindratum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0.75 in amm_b_Stephanoceras humphriesianum	169.82750000000001	35.923743825
FO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium cavum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0.33 in amm_b_Witchellia laeviuscula	170.5545	35.894394835
FO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium vermipellitum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0.33 in amm_b_Witchellia laeviuscula	170.5545	35.894394835
FO	Scotian Margin	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Williams et al., 1993	0.75 in stage_Pliensbachian	186.375	27.45633625
FO	Scotian Margin	Valvaeodinium lineatum	Williams et al., 1993	0.75 in stage_Pliensbachian	186.375	27.45633625
FO	Australia Synthesis	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Helby et al., 1987	0.2 in stage_Bathonian	167.594	-53.38100720857143
FO	Czestochowa	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Poulsen, 1998	0.1 in amm_t_Zigzagiceras zigzag	168.10999999999999	42.15224946666666
FO	nw Australia compilation	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Riding et al., 2010	0.8 in stage_Bajocian	168.71599999999998	-39.105097317142864
FO	Albstadt	Valvaeodinium groenlandicum	Smelror and Dietl, 1994	0.75 in amm_b_Proplanulites koenigi	164.0525	37.004460475
FO	Milne Land	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Smelror, 1988a	0.5 in amm_b_Macrocephalites herveyi	164.945	50.55420914375
FO	Kong Karls Land	Valvaeodinium aquilonium	Smelror, 1988b	0.33 between 0 amm_b_Macrocephalites herveyi 1 amm_b_Peltoceras athleta	164.3528	66.60568558571428
FO	Kong Karls Land	Valvaeodinium groenlandicum	Smelror, 1988b	0.75 between 0 amm_b_Quenstedtoceras lamberti 1 amm_b_Quenstedtoceras mariae	160.3575	67.10145950892858
FO	Kong Karls Land	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Smelror, 1988b	0.1 between 0 amm_b_Macrocephalites herveyi 1 amm_b_Peltoceras athleta	165.006	66.52463046428572
FO	Whitby	Valvaeodinium armatum	vd Schootbrugge et al., 2019a	0 in amm_b_Pleuroceras spinatum	185.6	43.25846742857143
LO	Pozzale	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 1997a	0.5 in amm_t_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.68	28.520000000000003
LO	North Yorkshire	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2000	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	43.393826114285716
LO	North Yorkshire	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2000	0.8 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.368	43.36836334857143
LO	Yorkshire	Valvaeodinium armatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Pleuroceras spinatum	184.2	42.08402085714286
LO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	42.871175542857145
LO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	42.51576549999999
LO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium armatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Pleuroceras spinatum	184.2	42.86303085714286
LO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Pleuroceras spinatum	184.2	42.86303085714286
LO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium flos	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Prodactylioceras davoei	188	42.83327142857143
LO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Prodactylioceras davoei	188	42.83327142857143
LO	Bavaria	Valvaeodinium stipulatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Prodactylioceras davoei	188	42.83327142857143
LO	Denmark2	Valvaeodinium stipulatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Prodactylioceras davoei	188	48.42107571428571
LO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium hirsutum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	28.3268
LO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	28.3268
LO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	28.3268
LO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_t_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	27.8691
LO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_t_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	27.8691
LO	Central Italy	Valvaeodinium stipulatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_t_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	27.8691
LO	Hungary	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	34.053200000000004
LO	Hungary	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_t_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	33.5159
LO	Hungary	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_t_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	33.5159
LO	Bulgaria	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	39.668
LO	Bulgaria	Valvaeodinium flos	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Prodactylioceras davoei	188	42.400000000000006
LO	Bulgaria	Valvaeodinium stipulatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Prodactylioceras davoei	188	42.400000000000006
LO	Greece	Valvaeodinium hirsutum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	28.848
LO	Greece	Valvaeodinium scalatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_b_Dactylioceras tenuicostatum	183.16	28.848
LO	Greece	Valvaeodinium koessenium	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_t_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	28.250999999999994
LO	Greece	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bucefalo Palliani and Riding, 2003	1 in amm_t_Harpoceras serpentinum	181.17	28.250999999999994
LO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium perpunctatum	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Amaltheus margaritatus	188	70.64023714285715
LO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Hyperlioceras discites	170.9	72.59057285714286
LO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium aquilonium	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Procerites hodsoni	166.04	73.07004657142858
LO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium leneae	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Oxycerites orbis	165.72	73.10161685714286
LO	Arctic Basin	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Oxycerites orbis	165.72	73.10161685714286
LO	North Sea Compilation	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Riding and Thomas, 1992	0.5 in amm_b_Oxycerites orbis	165.61	39.93724945
LO	North Sea Compilation	Valvaeodinium armatum	Riding and Thomas, 1992	0.5 in amm_b_Pleuroceras spinatum	184.89999999999998	42.89374671428571
LO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium vermipellitum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	1 in amm_b_Garantiana garantiana	168.72	35.9684536
LO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium sphaerechinatum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	1 in amm_t_Stephanoceras humphriesianum	169.74	35.9272762
LO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium cavum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	1 in amm_t_Stephanoceras humphriesianum	169.74	35.9272762
LO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium spongiosum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0.33 in amm_b_Zigzagiceras zigzag	167.774	36.00664362
LO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0.67 in amm_b_Zigzagiceras zigzag	167.36599999999999	36.02311458
LO	Calvados	Valvaeodinium vermicylindratum	Feist-Burkhardt and Monteil, 1997	0.9 in amm_b_Zigzagiceras zigzag	167.09	36.0342567
LO	Scotian Margin	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Williams et al., 1993	0.15 in stage_Aalenian	174.13	27.97299761
LO	Scotian Margin	Valvaeodinium lineatum	Williams et al., 1993	0.4 in stage_Toarcian	180.39999999999998	28.4984048
LO	Czestochowa	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Poulsen, 1998	1 in amm_t_Procerites aurigerus	166.97	42.01300226666667
LO	Milne Land	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Smelror, 1988a	1 in amm_b_Macrocephalites herveyi	164.6	50.582039
LO	Kong Karls Land	Valvaeodinium punctatum	Smelror, 1988b	0.25 between 0 amm_b_Macrocephalites herveyi 1 amm_b_Peltoceras athleta	164.57999999999998	66.5774925
LO	Kong Karls Land	Valvaeodinium aquilonium	Smelror, 1988b	0.25 between 0 amm_b_Quenstedtoceras lamberti 1 amm_b_Quenstedtoceras mariae	161.7525	66.92835495535715
LO	North Sea Basin	Valvaeodinium spinosum	Copestake and Partington, 2023	0 in amm_b_Procerites progracilis	166.97	43.03804802857143

Histogram