Data plotted here is from DINOSTRAT, available via Zenodo: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18375303. Please cite Bijl, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-579-2022 when using this data.

Distribution


Plots are based on the following information

FO/LO	Location	Taxon	Source	Calibration	Age (Ma)	Paleolatitude
FO	James Ross Island	Leptodinium acneum	Snape, 1992	0.25 in stage_Tithonian	147.705	-49.397
LO	James Ross Island	Leptodinium acneum	Snape, 1992	0.75 in stage_Tithonian	144.635	-49.622
FO	Orbagnoux	Leptodinium amabile	Deflandre, 1939b	0 in stage_Kimmeridgian	154.78	33.823
LO	Orbagnoux	Leptodinium amabile	Deflandre, 1939b	1 in stage_Kimmeridgian	149.24	33.449
FO	North Bulgaria	Leptodinium ambiguiforme	Dodekova, 1994	0.5 in stage_Tithonian	146.17	32.273
LO	North Bulgaria	Leptodinium ambiguiforme	Dodekova, 1994	1 in stage_Tithonian	143.1	31.948
LO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium ambiguum	Helby et al., 1987	1 in stage_Berriasian	137.7	-52.599
FO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium ambiguum	Helby et al., 1987	0.33 in stage_Oxfordian	159.303	-40.832
FO	Northwest Australia compilation	Leptodinium ambiguum	Riding et al., 2010	0.1 in stage_Oxfordian	160.855	-41.698
FO	Denmark synthesis	Leptodinium ambiguum	Poulsen and Riding, 2003 sensu Riding et al., 2010	0.2 in stage_Oxfordian	160.18	45.194
LO	Denmark synthesis	Leptodinium ambiguum	Poulsen and Riding, 2003 sensu Riding et al., 2010	0.5 in stage_Tithonian	146.17	44.279
LO	DSDP 534	Leptodinium ambiguum	Habib and Drugg, 1983	0.5 in mag_M19n	143.185	23.879
FO	Timor Sea	Leptodinium ancoralium	Mantle, 2005	0 in stage_Callovian	165.29	-41.506
LO	Timor Sea	Leptodinium ancoralium	Mantle, 2005	0.5 in stage_Oxfordian	158.155	-43.829
FO	Dorset-Yorkshire	Leptodinium antigonium	Ioannides et al., 1977	0 in stage_Kimmeridgian	154.78	39.032
LO	North Yorkshire	Leptodinium antigonium	Bailey et al., 1997	0.25 in amm_b_Pectinatites pectinatus	147.21	41.401
FO	Isle of Skye	Leptodinium arcuatum	Riding and Thomas, 1997	0.2 in amm_b_Perisphinctes pumilus	158.272	43.877
LO	Isle of Skye	Leptodinium arcuatum	Riding and Thomas, 1997	0.5 in amm_b_Rasenia cymodoce	152.72	44.49
LO	Denmark synthesis	Leptodinium arcuatum	Poulsen and Riding, 2003 sensu Riding et al., 2010	0.55 in stage_Tithonian	145.863	44.261
LO	North Yorkshire	Leptodinium arcuatum	Bailey et al., 1997	0.25 in amm_b_Pectinatites pectinatus	147.21	41.401
FO	Vega	Leptodinium arcuatum	Århus et al., 1989	0.15 in amm_b_Peltoceras athleta	162.841	53.557
LO	ODP 765	Leptodinium asymmetricum	Helby and McMinn, 1992	0.2 in mag_C34n	113.501	-48.685
FO	ODP 765	Leptodinium asymmetricum	Helby and McMinn, 1992	0.5 in mag_M1r	123.976	-49.809
FO	Bistrita	Leptodinium bacculatum	Balteş, 1971	0 in stage_Zanclean	5.333	45.537
LO	Bistrita	Leptodinium bacculatum	Balteş, 1971	1 in stage_Zanclean	3.6	46.013
LO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium cancellatum	Costa and Davey, 1992	0.5 in amm_b_Pervenquieria pricei	105.235	44.563
FO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium cancellatum	Costa and Davey, 1992	1 in amm_b_Tropaeum bowerbanki	118.76	42.456
LO	Q13_14	Leptodinium cancellatum	Duxbury, 2001	0.25 in amm_b_Pervenquieria fallax	102.778	50.461
FO	Northeast Greenland	Leptodinium cancellatum	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.49 in stage_Aptian	117.382	55.859
FO	Northeast Greenland	Leptodinium cancellatum	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.51 in stage_Aptian	117.218	55.913
LO	Northeast Greenland	Leptodinium cancellatum	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.42 in stage_Albian	107.866	57.368
FO	Central Danish Trough	Leptodinium cancellatum	Heilmann-Clausen, 1987	0 in amm_b_Hypacanthoplites jacobi	114.8	47.077
LO	Central Danish Trough	Leptodinium cancellatum	Heilmann-Clausen, 1987	1 in amm_b_Leymeriella tardefurcata	110.87	47.43
LO	Hold With Hope	Leptodinium cancellatum	Nøhr-Hansen et al., 2019	0.4 in stage_Albian	108.12	57.816
FO	Hold With Hope	Leptodinium cancellatum	Nøhr-Hansen et al., 2019	0.5 in stage_Aptian	117.3	56.369
FO	Southeast Greenland	Leptodinium cancellatum	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.42 in stage_Albian	107.866	49.456
LO	Svalbard	Leptodinium cancellatum	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.42 in stage_Albian	107.866	70.817
FO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium clathratum	Cookson and Eisenack, 1960b	0 in stage_Tithonian	149.24	-46.56
LO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium clathratum	Cookson and Eisenack, 1960b	1 in stage_Tithonian	143.1	-49.773
FO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium deflandrei	Riding and Thomas, 1992	0 in amm_b_Pectinatites hudlestoni	147.84	40.053
FO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium deflandrei	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Pectinatites scitulus	148.67	72.095
LO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium deflandrei	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Progalbanites albani	145.1	71.567
FO	Treeless Creek	Leptodinium delicatum	Williams et al., 2025	0.6 in stage_Cenomanian	96.54	79.947
LO	Treeless Creek	Leptodinium delicatum	Williams et al., 2025	0 in stage_Coniacian	89.39	77.516
FO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium eumorphum	Copestake and Partington, 2023	0.5 in amm_b_Quenstedtoceras mariae	160.595	40.152
LO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium eumorphum	Helby et al., 1987	1 in stage_Berriasian	137.7	-52.599
FO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium eumorphum	Helby et al., 1987	0 in stage_Tithonian	149.24	-46.56
LO	ODP 765	Leptodinium eumorphum	Helby and McMinn, 1992	0.8 in nan_n_CC3	133.855	-51.695
LO	Denmark synthesis	Leptodinium eumorphum	Poulsen and Riding, 2003 sensu Riding et al., 2010	0.55 in stage_Tithonian	145.863	44.261
FO	North Sea Coast	Leptodinium eumorphum	Riley and Fenton, 1982	0 in amm_b_Cardioceras cordatum	159.66	36.722
FO	Northwest Australia compilation	Leptodinium flammeolum	Morgan, 1980	0 in stage_Aptian	121.4	-51.058
LO	Northwest Australia compilation	Leptodinium flammeolum	Morgan, 1980	1 in stage_Albian	100.5	-50.262
FO	Alberta	Leptodinium formosum	Singh, 1983	0 in stage_Cenomanian	100.5	64.185
LO	Alberta	Leptodinium formosum	Singh, 1983	0.5 in stage_Cenomanian	97.2	64.458
FO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium gitmeziae	Sarjeant, 1985a	0 in stage_Kimmeridgian	154.78	40.338
LO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium gitmeziae	Sarjeant, 1985a	0.5 in stage_Kimmeridgian	152.01	40.086
FO	Bistrita	Leptodinium globosum	Olaru, 1978a	0 in stage_Priabonian	37.71	40.256
LO	Bistrita	Leptodinium globosum	Olaru, 1978a	1 in stage_Priabonian	33.9	40.322
FO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium hyalodermopse	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Pictonia baylei	154.78	73.231
LO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium hyalodermopse	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.17 in stage_Albian	111.041	73.897
LO	Northeast Greenland	Leptodinium hyalodermopse	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.25 in stage_Albian	110.025	57.149
LO	Hold With Hope	Leptodinium hyalodermopse	Nøhr-Hansen et al., 2019	0.33 in stage_Albian	109.009	57.727
LO	Paksa	Leptodinium hyalodermopse	Shulgina et al., 1994	0.5 in amm_s_Unzoned	136.07	72.875
FO	Heilongjiang	Leptodinium impenseum	Yu Jingxian, 1982	0 in stage_Berriasian	143.1	53.793
LO	Heilongjiang	Leptodinium impenseum	Yu Jingxian, 1982	1 in stage_Aptian	113.2	51.237
LO	Marche	Leptodinium italicum	Biffi and Manum, 1988	0 in nan_n_NN2	22.68	35.812
FO	Marche	Leptodinium italicum	Biffi and Manum, 1988	0.75 in plfor_A_P20	29.457	34.326
FO	Russia synthesis	Leptodinium kubassense	Fedorova, 1980	0 in stage_Aptian	121.4	41.612
LO	Russia synthesis	Leptodinium kubassense	Fedorova, 1980	1 in stage_Aptian	113.2	43.283
LO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium mamilliferum	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Titanites anguiformis	144.33	71.453
FO	Orbagnoux	Leptodinium mamilliferum	Deflandre, 1939b	1 in stage_Kimmeridgian	149.24	33.449
FO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium membranigerum	Gerlach, 1961	0 in stage_Chattian	27.29	45.09
LO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium membranigerum	Gerlach, 1961	1 in stage_Chattian	23.04	45.775
FO	Senegal	Leptodinium micropunctatum	Jain and Millepied, 1975	0 in stage_Aptian	121.4	16.08
LO	Senegal	Leptodinium micropunctatum	Jain and Millepied, 1975	1 in stage_Aptian	113.2	16.011
FO	Rochette	Leptodinium millioudii	Sarjeant, 1963c	0 in stage_Oxfordian	161.53	34.926
LO	Rochette	Leptodinium millioudii	Sarjeant, 1963c	0.5 in stage_Oxfordian	158.155	34.781
FO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium mirabile	Copestake and Partington, 2023	0 in amm_b_Cardioceras cordatum	159.66	40.174
LO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium mirabile	Copestake and Partington, 2023	1 in amm_b_Aulacostephanus mutabilis	150.99	40.164
FO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium mirabile	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Quenstedtoceras mariae	161.53	73.58
FO	Denmark synthesis	Leptodinium mirabile	Poulsen and Riding, 2003 sensu Riding et al., 2010	0.2 in stage_Oxfordian	160.18	45.194
LO	Denmark synthesis	Leptodinium mirabile	Poulsen and Riding, 2003 sensu Riding et al., 2010	0.5 in stage_Tithonian	146.17	44.279
FO	North Sea Coast	Leptodinium mirabile	Riley and Fenton, 1982	0 in amm_b_Perisphinctes plicatilis	159.1	36.746
FO	Vega	Leptodinium mirabile	Århus et al., 1989	0.7 in amm_b_Ringsteadia pseudocordata	155.512	53.602
LO	Broyon	Leptodinium mirabile	Monteil, 1993	1 in amm_t_Micracanthoceras ponti / Burckhardticeras peroni	145.05	31.945
FO	Kong Karls Land	Leptodinium mirabile	Smelror, 1988b	1 in amm_b_Peltoceras athleta	162.45	66.916
LO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium modicum	Williams et al., 2025	0.4 in stage_Albian	108.12	73.984
FO	Yorkshire	Leptodinium mosaicum	Downie, 1957	0.5 in stage_Kimmeridgian	152.01	39.089
LO	Yorkshire	Leptodinium mosaicum	Downie, 1957	1 in stage_Kimmeridgian	149.24	39.14
FO	Orbagnoux	Leptodinium nannotrix	Deflandre, 1939b	0 in stage_Kimmeridgian	154.78	33.823
LO	Orbagnoux	Leptodinium nannotrix	Deflandre, 1939b	1 in stage_Kimmeridgian	149.24	33.449
FO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium okerense	Kunz, 1990	0 in stage_Oxfordian	161.53	40.748
LO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium okerense	Kunz, 1990	1 in stage_Oxfordian	154.78	40.338
FO	Western Canada	Leptodinium perornatum	Jansonius, 1986	0.5 in stage_Bajocian	169.535	40.817
LO	Western Canada	Leptodinium perornatum	Jansonius, 1986	1 in stage_Bajocian	168.17	41.607
FO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium pilum	Gocht, 1959	0 in stage_Valanginian	137.7	39.217
LO	Synthesis N Germany	Leptodinium pilum	Gocht, 1959	1 in stage_Valanginian	132.6	38.928
LO	ODP 765	Leptodinium pinnosum	Helby and McMinn, 1992	0.8 in nan_n_CC3	133.855	-51.695
FO	New Guinea	Leptodinium pinnosum	Davey, 1988	0 in stage_Berriasian	143.1	-53.764
FO	North Bulgaria	Leptodinium plagatum	Dodekova, 1994	0.5 in stage_Tithonian	146.17	32.273
LO	North Bulgaria	Leptodinium plagatum	Dodekova, 1994	1 in stage_Berriasian	137.7	31.376
FO	Meer	Leptodinium porosum	Slimani et al., 2011	0.7 in stage_Maastrichtian	67.879	41.631
LO	Meer	Leptodinium porosum	Slimani et al., 2011	0.71 in stage_Maastrichtian	67.818	41.626
FO	James Ross Island	Leptodinium posterosulcatum	Snape, 1992	0 in stage_Tithonian	149.24	-49.284
LO	James Ross Island	Leptodinium posterosulcatum	Snape, 1992	1 in stage_Tithonian	143.1	-49.734
LO	Angora Road Tawanui	Leptodinium pustulatum	Crouch et al., 2014	0.35 in nan_n_NP5	60.604	-49.534
FO	IODP U1509	Leptodinium pustulatum	Crouch et al., 2022	0 in nan_n_NP5	61.274	-49.555
FO	Mecsek Mountains	Leptodinium reticulatum	Nagy, 1969	0 in stage_Tortonian	11.65	41.977
LO	Mecsek Mountains	Leptodinium reticulatum	Nagy, 1969	1 in stage_Messinian	5.333	44.031
FO	North Afghanistan	Leptodinium saepitum	Ashraf, 1979	0 in stage_Oxfordian	161.53	41.249
LO	North Afghanistan	Leptodinium saepitum	Ashraf, 1979	1 in stage_Tithonian	143.1	31.585
FO	Northwest Australia compilation	Leptodinium sepimentum	Stevens and Helby, 1987	0 in stage_Berriasian	143.1	-51.329
LO	Northwest Australia compilation	Leptodinium sepimentum	Stevens and Helby, 1987	0.5 in stage_Berriasian	140.4	-52.328
LO	ODP 765	Leptodinium simplex	Helby and McMinn, 1992	1 in mag_M1n	121.4	-49.352
FO	ODP 765	Leptodinium simplex	Helby and McMinn, 1992	0.9 in mag_M1n	121.638	-49.395
FO	Heilongjiang	Leptodinium songhuajiangense	He Chengquan and Huang Guanjun, 1997	0 in stage_Callovian	165.29	54.244
LO	Heilongjiang	Leptodinium songhuajiangense	He Chengquan and Huang Guanjun, 1997	1 in stage_Callovian	161.53	54.211
FO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium subtile	Copestake and Partington, 2023	1 in amm_b_Quenstedtoceras mariae	159.66	40.174
LO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium subtile	Riding and Thomas, 1992	1 in amm_b_Progalbanites albani	144.91	39.95
FO	North Sea Compilation	Leptodinium subtile	Riding and Thomas, 1992	0 in amm_b_Witchellia laeviuscula	170.67	39.918
FO	Isle of Skye	Leptodinium subtile	Riding and Thomas, 1997	0.6 in amm_b_Perisphinctes pumilus	158.116	43.894
LO	Isle of Skye	Leptodinium subtile	Riding and Thomas, 1997	0.5 in amm_b_Rasenia cymodoce	152.72	44.49
FO	Denmark synthesis	Leptodinium subtile	Poulsen and Riding, 2003 sensu Riding et al., 2010	0.2 in stage_Oxfordian	160.18	45.194
FO	Dorset-Yorkshire	Leptodinium subtile	Woollam and Riding, 1983	0.67 in amm_b_Perisphinctes plicatilis	158.597	38.859
FO	North Sea Coast	Leptodinium subtile	Riley and Fenton, 1982	0 in amm_b_Perisphinctes plicatilis	159.1	36.746
LO	Northeast Greenland	Leptodinium subtile	Nøhr-Hansen, 2025	0.2 in stage_Tithonian	148.012	53.398
FO	Vega	Leptodinium subtile	Århus et al., 1989	0.75 in amm_b_Pictonia baylei	153.745	53.511
LO	Volga Basin	Leptodinium subtile	Harding et al., 2011	0.38 in amm_r_Craspedites subditus	143.748	46.052
LO	Wollaston	Leptodinium subtile	Alsen et al., 2023	0.3 in stage_Tithonian	147.398	54.562
FO	Champagne	Leptodinium subtilis	Fauconnier, 1995	0 in amm_b_Peltoceras athleta	162.91	37.374
LO	Champagne	Leptodinium subtilis	Fauconnier, 1995	1 in amm_b_Perisphinctes pumilus	157.96	37.375
FO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium tenuicornutum	Cookson and Eisenack, 1962b	0 in stage_Albian	113.2	-53.29
LO	Australia synthesis	Leptodinium tenuicornutum	Cookson and Eisenack, 1962b	1 in stage_Albian	100.5	-54.639
LO	ODP 765	Leptodinium tunellum	Helby and McMinn, 1992	0.12 in mag_C34n	116.486	-48.762
FO	ODP 765	Leptodinium tunellum	Helby and McMinn, 1992	0.1 in mag_M1n	123.544	-49.733
FO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium volgense	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Pectinatites elegans	149.1	72.159
LO	Arctic Basin	Leptodinium volgense	Bujak et al., 2022	0 in amm_b_Progalbanites albani	145.1	71.567