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Kalyptea
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Kalyptea, Cookson and Eisenack, 1960b, p.256.
Emendation: Wiggins, 1975, p.110.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Pareodinia, according to Gocht (1970b, p.154) -- however, Lentin and Williams (1993, p.365) retained Kalyptea. Taxonomic junior synonyms: Komewuia, according to Wiggins (1975, p.110) and, by implication in Dörhöfer and Davies (1980, p.30), who considered Komewuia to be the senior name -- however, Chen (1982, p.32) retained Komewuia; Netrelytron, according to Wiggins (1975, p.110) and Poulsen (1996, p.60).
Type: Cookson and Eisenack, 1960b, pl.39, fig.1, as Kalyptea diceras.
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Original description: [Cookson and Eisenack, 1960]:
Description:
Shell spherical, oval to ellipsoidal, narrowing to an apical horn of variable length and either with or without an antapical horn; shell-membrane thin, smooth or finely granular. The shell itself is surrounded by a diaphanous veil-like external membrane.
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Emended description:
Wiggins, 1975:
Description:
Proximate fossil cysts, ambitus spheroidal, ovoidal, ellipsoidal, or rhomboidal with distinct apical and antapical horns. Cyst wall single layered. Reflected tabulation variably indicated or absent.
Archeopyle intercalary and includes Types I to 3I.
Enclosing kalyptras and apical structures present or absent. Cyst wall ornamentation variable.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 110:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, elongate ellipsoidal, with single horns at apex and antapex; autophragm smooth or faintly ornamented, with or without surrounding amorphous cloak; archeopyle intercalary, Type l; archeopyle index <0.5.
Description:
Shape: Elongate ellipsoidal with single apical and antapical horns, the antapical generally longer than the apical.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only; surrounding amorphous cloak, which may or may not be preserved, is not considered a wall layer.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Autophragm smooth or faintly ornamented.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, Type I (apparently 2a only); archeopyle index <0.5; operculum free. Presence of other than Type I archeopyle unverified.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
The presence of a single antapical horn serves to differentiate Kalyptea from Pareodinia, which lacks an antapical horn, and from Cantulodinium, which has three or more hornlike projections in the antapical area. Broomea has two antapical appendages rather than a single antapical horn, and Diconodinium has indications of a paracingulum, an attached archeopyle, and narrower, more pointed horns.
Kalyptea, Cookson and Eisenack, 1960b, p.256.
Emendation: Wiggins, 1975, p.110.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Pareodinia, according to Gocht (1970b, p.154) -- however, Lentin and Williams (1993, p.365) retained Kalyptea. Taxonomic junior synonyms: Komewuia, according to Wiggins (1975, p.110) and, by implication in Dörhöfer and Davies (1980, p.30), who considered Komewuia to be the senior name -- however, Chen (1982, p.32) retained Komewuia; Netrelytron, according to Wiggins (1975, p.110) and Poulsen (1996, p.60).
Type: Cookson and Eisenack, 1960b, pl.39, fig.1, as Kalyptea diceras.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Cookson and Eisenack, 1960]:
Description:
Shell spherical, oval to ellipsoidal, narrowing to an apical horn of variable length and either with or without an antapical horn; shell-membrane thin, smooth or finely granular. The shell itself is surrounded by a diaphanous veil-like external membrane.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended description:
Wiggins, 1975:
Description:
Proximate fossil cysts, ambitus spheroidal, ovoidal, ellipsoidal, or rhomboidal with distinct apical and antapical horns. Cyst wall single layered. Reflected tabulation variably indicated or absent.
Archeopyle intercalary and includes Types I to 3I.
Enclosing kalyptras and apical structures present or absent. Cyst wall ornamentation variable.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 110:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, elongate ellipsoidal, with single horns at apex and antapex; autophragm smooth or faintly ornamented, with or without surrounding amorphous cloak; archeopyle intercalary, Type l; archeopyle index <0.5.
Description:
Shape: Elongate ellipsoidal with single apical and antapical horns, the antapical generally longer than the apical.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only; surrounding amorphous cloak, which may or may not be preserved, is not considered a wall layer.
Wall features: No parasutural features. Autophragm smooth or faintly ornamented.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle only.
Archeopyle: Intercalary, Type I (apparently 2a only); archeopyle index <0.5; operculum free. Presence of other than Type I archeopyle unverified.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
The presence of a single antapical horn serves to differentiate Kalyptea from Pareodinia, which lacks an antapical horn, and from Cantulodinium, which has three or more hornlike projections in the antapical area. Broomea has two antapical appendages rather than a single antapical horn, and Diconodinium has indications of a paracingulum, an attached archeopyle, and narrower, more pointed horns.