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Lanterna
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Lanterna, Dodekova, 1969, p.16.
Emendation: Courtinat, 1989, p.188.
Type: Dodekova, 1969, pl.2, figs.4–6, as Lanterna bulgarica.
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Original description: [Dodekova, 1969]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 59):
Description:
Body ellipsoidal, ovoidal, polyhedral or spherical with a tabulation of 4`?, 0-1a, 6", 6s.t., 6```, 0-1p, 0-1ppl., 1````. Transverse furrow levorotatory.The membrane is covered by numerous appendices of different shapes, which by their arrangement form the plates. The sutures are defined by only lightly punctate, process-free bands encircled by coalescing appendices. The archeopyle is apical.
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Revised description:
Brideaux, 1977, p. 27-28:
Diagnosis (revised):
Shape: Pericyst, excluding processes, subcircular. Endocyst closely appressed except at loci of processes arising from pericyst. Pericoel not developed; slight dorso-ventral compression.
Phragma: Pericyst less than 0.5 µm thick, smooth or with scabrate sculpture; periphragm produced to form hollow, flared to tubiform processes, the processes open distally, the distal margins variably secate, occasionally aculeate or serrate; the distal third of some processes variably fenestrate; one process, probably sulcal in position, reduced, shorter, acuminate to foliate or with reduced distal secate margin; processes from 10-30 µm long, 3-7 µm wide basally. Endophragm less than 0.5 µm thick, apparently smooth.
Paratabulation: Process formula determined as 4`, 6", 0c, 5```, 1p, 1s, maximum of 17 processes observed on complete specimens, 13 on specimens with archeopyle developed; archeopyle outline denotes epiparatabulation of four apical paraplates and six precingular paraplates. Of the precingular processes, 6" smallest, 5" broadest and tubiform, 1"-4" intermediate in size; of the postcingular processes, 1``` often with a V-shaped extension of the distal opening down the column, 2``` broad-columned and tubiform, 3``` largest process on pericyst; antapical process often strongly secate, the secae broad and dissected; sulcal process variable, from an acuminate to foliate closed process to a reduced tubiform process, distally open; posterior intercalary process (1p) as large or larger than the process 6`.
Archeopyle/operculum: Archeopyle formed by the loss of four apical paraplates; the operculum simple, free, occasionally lying in the archeopyle, and bearing four apical processes little differentiated in size and structure. Formula A.
Pericingulum/perisulcus: Pericingular processes absent, the pericingular region defined by their absence; perisulcus represented by a single reduced process of variable morphology.
Dimensions:
Maximum pericyst diameter, 52-70 µm, excluding processes.
Affinities:
The distally secate margins of the essentially similar flared to tubiform processes of Oligosphaeridium albertense distinguish this species from species with buccinate columns and entire to serrate distal margins (Oligosphaeridium totum Brideaux, 1971) and from species with highly variable columns and complex distal terminations [Oligosphaeridium irregulare (Pocock) Davey and Williams, 1969]. The species, Oigosphaeridium reniforme (Tasch) Davey, 1969, may be a synonym of O. albertense, but this cannot be determined from the original description and illustration (Tasch et aZ., 1964, p. 193, Pl. 2, fig. 6). The same comments apply to Oligosphaeridium? dispare (Tasch) Davey and Williams, 1969.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 59:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximochorate, subspherical; paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by ornamented areas separated by parasutural bands; ornamented areas with free or interconnected spines with granules or verrucae; archeopyle apical, probably Type tA.
Description:
Shape: Subspherical.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural bands smooth, punctate, or finely granular and surround polygonal or rectilinear areas with spines, verrucae, or granules. Spines free or interconnected distally to form imperfect reticulation.
Paratabulation: Indicated by ornamented areas and by parasutural features; gonyaulacacean, formula: 4`?, 0-1a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 0-1p, 1````, 0-1s.
Archeopyle: Apical, probably tA; operculum free; opercula unobserved.
Paracingulum: Indicated by six rectilinear groups of spines.
Parasulcus: Generally poorly delimited; posterior paraplate may be differentiated.
Size: Intermediate.
Affinities:
Lanterna differs from Eisenackia in having spines, verrucae, or granules on the areas between parasutural bands; comparable areas on Eisenackia are foveolate.
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Emended description:
Courtinant, 1989: (Translation: LPP):
Description:
Subspherical to ovoidal apteate cyst with an autophragm only. The gonyaulacacean type paratabulation is indicated by processes which are proximally and distally interconnected, as well as by non-striate pandasutural bands. The paracingulum presents 6 alignments of processes. The parasulcus is moderately large and lacks ornamentation in anterior and posterior regions. The archaeopyle is apical, type (tA); accessory archaeopyle sutures faintly cut up the cyst wall. The operculum is free multiplated and, depending on the species, suggests the existence of a paraplate pr and 4 apical paraplates.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Lanterna Dodekova, 1969, emend. Courtinat, 1989. According to Stover and Evitt (1978), Lanterna is proximochorate, subspherical; paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by ornamented areas separated by parasutural bands. Ornamented areas with free or interconnected processes with granules or verrucae. Archeopyle apical.
Lanterna, Dodekova, 1969, p.16.
Emendation: Courtinat, 1989, p.188.
Type: Dodekova, 1969, pl.2, figs.4–6, as Lanterna bulgarica.
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Original description: [Dodekova, 1969]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 59):
Description:
Body ellipsoidal, ovoidal, polyhedral or spherical with a tabulation of 4`?, 0-1a, 6", 6s.t., 6```, 0-1p, 0-1ppl., 1````. Transverse furrow levorotatory.The membrane is covered by numerous appendices of different shapes, which by their arrangement form the plates. The sutures are defined by only lightly punctate, process-free bands encircled by coalescing appendices. The archeopyle is apical.
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Revised description:
Brideaux, 1977, p. 27-28:
Diagnosis (revised):
Shape: Pericyst, excluding processes, subcircular. Endocyst closely appressed except at loci of processes arising from pericyst. Pericoel not developed; slight dorso-ventral compression.
Phragma: Pericyst less than 0.5 µm thick, smooth or with scabrate sculpture; periphragm produced to form hollow, flared to tubiform processes, the processes open distally, the distal margins variably secate, occasionally aculeate or serrate; the distal third of some processes variably fenestrate; one process, probably sulcal in position, reduced, shorter, acuminate to foliate or with reduced distal secate margin; processes from 10-30 µm long, 3-7 µm wide basally. Endophragm less than 0.5 µm thick, apparently smooth.
Paratabulation: Process formula determined as 4`, 6", 0c, 5```, 1p, 1s, maximum of 17 processes observed on complete specimens, 13 on specimens with archeopyle developed; archeopyle outline denotes epiparatabulation of four apical paraplates and six precingular paraplates. Of the precingular processes, 6" smallest, 5" broadest and tubiform, 1"-4" intermediate in size; of the postcingular processes, 1``` often with a V-shaped extension of the distal opening down the column, 2``` broad-columned and tubiform, 3``` largest process on pericyst; antapical process often strongly secate, the secae broad and dissected; sulcal process variable, from an acuminate to foliate closed process to a reduced tubiform process, distally open; posterior intercalary process (1p) as large or larger than the process 6`.
Archeopyle/operculum: Archeopyle formed by the loss of four apical paraplates; the operculum simple, free, occasionally lying in the archeopyle, and bearing four apical processes little differentiated in size and structure. Formula A.
Pericingulum/perisulcus: Pericingular processes absent, the pericingular region defined by their absence; perisulcus represented by a single reduced process of variable morphology.
Dimensions:
Maximum pericyst diameter, 52-70 µm, excluding processes.
Affinities:
The distally secate margins of the essentially similar flared to tubiform processes of Oligosphaeridium albertense distinguish this species from species with buccinate columns and entire to serrate distal margins (Oligosphaeridium totum Brideaux, 1971) and from species with highly variable columns and complex distal terminations [Oligosphaeridium irregulare (Pocock) Davey and Williams, 1969]. The species, Oigosphaeridium reniforme (Tasch) Davey, 1969, may be a synonym of O. albertense, but this cannot be determined from the original description and illustration (Tasch et aZ., 1964, p. 193, Pl. 2, fig. 6). The same comments apply to Oligosphaeridium? dispare (Tasch) Davey and Williams, 1969.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 59:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximochorate, subspherical; paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by ornamented areas separated by parasutural bands; ornamented areas with free or interconnected spines with granules or verrucae; archeopyle apical, probably Type tA.
Description:
Shape: Subspherical.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Parasutural bands smooth, punctate, or finely granular and surround polygonal or rectilinear areas with spines, verrucae, or granules. Spines free or interconnected distally to form imperfect reticulation.
Paratabulation: Indicated by ornamented areas and by parasutural features; gonyaulacacean, formula: 4`?, 0-1a, 6``, 6c, 6```, 0-1p, 1````, 0-1s.
Archeopyle: Apical, probably tA; operculum free; opercula unobserved.
Paracingulum: Indicated by six rectilinear groups of spines.
Parasulcus: Generally poorly delimited; posterior paraplate may be differentiated.
Size: Intermediate.
Affinities:
Lanterna differs from Eisenackia in having spines, verrucae, or granules on the areas between parasutural bands; comparable areas on Eisenackia are foveolate.
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Emended description:
Courtinant, 1989: (Translation: LPP):
Description:
Subspherical to ovoidal apteate cyst with an autophragm only. The gonyaulacacean type paratabulation is indicated by processes which are proximally and distally interconnected, as well as by non-striate pandasutural bands. The paracingulum presents 6 alignments of processes. The parasulcus is moderately large and lacks ornamentation in anterior and posterior regions. The archaeopyle is apical, type (tA); accessory archaeopyle sutures faintly cut up the cyst wall. The operculum is free multiplated and, depending on the species, suggests the existence of a paraplate pr and 4 apical paraplates.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Lanterna Dodekova, 1969, emend. Courtinat, 1989. According to Stover and Evitt (1978), Lanterna is proximochorate, subspherical; paratabulation gonyaulacacean, indicated by ornamented areas separated by parasutural bands. Ornamented areas with free or interconnected processes with granules or verrucae. Archeopyle apical.