Back
Palynodinium
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Palynodinium, Gocht, 1970a, p. 135, 137–138, 140
Loeblich Jr. and Loeblich III (1971, p.312) argued that the generic name Palynodinium was not validly published in Gocht (1970a) since no description or diagnosis was provided. However, since Gocht (1970a) proposed the genus and a single species, and provided a description for the species, under I.C.N. Article 38.5 both the generic and specific names must be considered validly published. A generic description was given by Gocht (1973, p.456).
Type species: Palynodinium grallator, Gocht, 1970a (fig.4, nos.1a–c)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Gocht, 1973]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 71)
Description:
Outer shell (periphragm) polygonal with two airsack-like protrusions that are developed along the ventral side. Inner body (endophragm) rounded, appressed to the dorsal side of the cyst. Archeopyle apical, six-cornered.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Supplemental description:
Gocht, 1973, p. 456: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 71):
Inner body ovoid. Outer shell polygonal with two airsack-like protrusions developed along the ventral sides. Indication of plate boundaries dorsally and apically. Outer membrane with an irregular reticulation of fibrous, reinforced lines, especially in the antapical region and on the dorsal side where they indicate a girdle zone. Inner membrane is also reticulated. Slender, distally forked processes present at the corners and at the boundaries of fields on the outer shell. Archeopyle six-cornered, apical.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 71:
Synopsis:
Cysts skolochorate, endocyst lenticular; endophragm and periphragm widely separated on the right and left sides of the ventral surface, appressed elsewhere; paratabulation expressed incompletely by gonal and intergonal processes; archeopyle apical, Type (tA); parasulcal notch offset.
Description:
Shape: Endocyst lenticular. Outline of periphragm (exclusive of processes) irregular in dorsal-ventral view; tends to be somewhat polygonal with a midventral antapical concavity. Outline in apical-antapical view reniform with midventral concavity.
Wall relationships: Endophragm and periphragm widely separated on right and left sides of ventral surface; wall layers appressed elsewhere.
Wall features: Parasutural markings faint between the bases of gonal and intergonal processes on the dorsal and antapical surfaces. Processes slender, of different lengths, and forked distally. Surface between processes smooth, granular, punctoreticulate, or alveolate.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle, by ill-defined parasutural features on the dorsal and antapical surfaces, and to some extent by the positions of processes; probably gonyaulacacean, formula unknown.
Archeopyle: Apical, Type (tA), principal archeopyle suture zigzag with offset parasulcal notch; dorsal-ventral dimension less than lateral dimension; operculum free.
Paracingulum: Position indicated vaguely, on the dorsal surface only, by alignment of processes and by faint parasutural markings.
Parasulcus: Apical position inferred from the location of the parasulcal notch; other indications lacking.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
Palynodinium differs from Flenidinium, which has the same basic morphology, in having the paratabulation expressed by gonal and intergonal processes rather than penitabular ridges or folds on the periphragm.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Palynodinium Gocht, 1970. From Gocht (1970). Inner body ovoid. Outer shell polygonal with two airsac-like protrusions developed along the ventral sides. Indication of plate boundaries dorsally and apically. Outer membrane with an irregular reticulation of fibrous, reinforced lines, especially in the antapical region and on the dorsal side where they indicate a girdle zone. Inner membrane is also reticulated. Slender, distally forked processes present at the corners and at the boundaries of fields on the outer shell. Archeopyle six-cornered, apical. Synopsis from Stover and Evitt (1978). Cysts skolochorate, endocyst lenticular; endophragm and periphragm widely separated on the right and left sides on the ventral surface, appressed elsewhere; paratabulation expressed incompletely by gonal and intergonal processes; archeopyle apical, type (tA); parasulcal notch offset.
[Palynodinium, Gocht, 1970a, p. 135, 137–138, 140
Loeblich Jr. and Loeblich III (1971, p.312) argued that the generic name Palynodinium was not validly published in Gocht (1970a) since no description or diagnosis was provided. However, since Gocht (1970a) proposed the genus and a single species, and provided a description for the species, under I.C.N. Article 38.5 both the generic and specific names must be considered validly published. A generic description was given by Gocht (1973, p.456).
Type species: Palynodinium grallator, Gocht, 1970a (fig.4, nos.1a–c)]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Gocht, 1973]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 71)
Description:
Outer shell (periphragm) polygonal with two airsack-like protrusions that are developed along the ventral side. Inner body (endophragm) rounded, appressed to the dorsal side of the cyst. Archeopyle apical, six-cornered.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Supplemental description:
Gocht, 1973, p. 456: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 71):
Inner body ovoid. Outer shell polygonal with two airsack-like protrusions developed along the ventral sides. Indication of plate boundaries dorsally and apically. Outer membrane with an irregular reticulation of fibrous, reinforced lines, especially in the antapical region and on the dorsal side where they indicate a girdle zone. Inner membrane is also reticulated. Slender, distally forked processes present at the corners and at the boundaries of fields on the outer shell. Archeopyle six-cornered, apical.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 71:
Synopsis:
Cysts skolochorate, endocyst lenticular; endophragm and periphragm widely separated on the right and left sides of the ventral surface, appressed elsewhere; paratabulation expressed incompletely by gonal and intergonal processes; archeopyle apical, Type (tA); parasulcal notch offset.
Description:
Shape: Endocyst lenticular. Outline of periphragm (exclusive of processes) irregular in dorsal-ventral view; tends to be somewhat polygonal with a midventral antapical concavity. Outline in apical-antapical view reniform with midventral concavity.
Wall relationships: Endophragm and periphragm widely separated on right and left sides of ventral surface; wall layers appressed elsewhere.
Wall features: Parasutural markings faint between the bases of gonal and intergonal processes on the dorsal and antapical surfaces. Processes slender, of different lengths, and forked distally. Surface between processes smooth, granular, punctoreticulate, or alveolate.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle, by ill-defined parasutural features on the dorsal and antapical surfaces, and to some extent by the positions of processes; probably gonyaulacacean, formula unknown.
Archeopyle: Apical, Type (tA), principal archeopyle suture zigzag with offset parasulcal notch; dorsal-ventral dimension less than lateral dimension; operculum free.
Paracingulum: Position indicated vaguely, on the dorsal surface only, by alignment of processes and by faint parasutural markings.
Parasulcus: Apical position inferred from the location of the parasulcal notch; other indications lacking.
Size: Intermediate to large.
Affinities:
Palynodinium differs from Flenidinium, which has the same basic morphology, in having the paratabulation expressed by gonal and intergonal processes rather than penitabular ridges or folds on the periphragm.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Palynodinium Gocht, 1970. From Gocht (1970). Inner body ovoid. Outer shell polygonal with two airsac-like protrusions developed along the ventral sides. Indication of plate boundaries dorsally and apically. Outer membrane with an irregular reticulation of fibrous, reinforced lines, especially in the antapical region and on the dorsal side where they indicate a girdle zone. Inner membrane is also reticulated. Slender, distally forked processes present at the corners and at the boundaries of fields on the outer shell. Archeopyle six-cornered, apical. Synopsis from Stover and Evitt (1978). Cysts skolochorate, endocyst lenticular; endophragm and periphragm widely separated on the right and left sides on the ventral surface, appressed elsewhere; paratabulation expressed incompletely by gonal and intergonal processes; archeopyle apical, type (tA); parasulcal notch offset.