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Parabohaidina
From Williams et al., 2017:
[Parabohaidina, Jiabo, 1978, p. 43; Emendations: He Chengquan, 1984b, p. 155; Xu Jinli and Mao Shaozhi, 1989, p. 300-301; Sun Xuekun, 1994, p. 80,82; He Chengquan et al., 2009, p. 464, 645
Type Species: Parabohaidina laevigata, Jiabo, 1978 (pl.16, fig.9)]
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Original description: [Jiabo, 1978]: (Translation: Chen et al., 1988, p. 21):
Description:
Cysts subrhomboidal. Without indications of paracingulum, parasulcus, and endocyst. An equatorial, folded area, present on the ventral surface, is without prominences. Epicyst and hypocyst are about equal in size. Surface smooth, granulate, reticulate, rugulate or verrucate.
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Emended descriptions:
He Cheng-quan, 1984: (Translation: Chen et al., 1988, p. 21):
Diagnosis:
Cysts rhomboidal. Paracingulum, parasulcus, and endocyst all absent. Commonly there are two folds in the equatorial area, which are perhaps the expression of a paracingulum. Epicyst and hypocyst of equal size. There are no prominences at the ends of the equatorial area. Surface smooth, granulate, reticulate or verrucate. Archeopyle, when present, apical.
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Xu Jin-li and Mao Shao-zhi, 1989: (Translation: Fensome et al., 1991, p. 383; Provisional translation by GSC: courtesy R. Fensome)
Diagnosis:
Cyst rhombic to oval in outline. Epitract almost equal to hypotract, and both with a rounded protrusion. Girdle projections absent or weakly developed. Two unequally developed girdle folds around the equator. Wall is an autophragm, its surface smooth, granulate, rugose, verrucate; ornament nontabular. There are no indications of cingulum, sulcus or endoblast. Archeopyle of combination type (tA)a+3Ia or (tA)a+3I, operculum compound, constituted by [a single piece representing the apical series and three intercalary plates. The apical piece is attached to the cyst ventrally; the three intercalary plates are either posteriorly attached or free. As indicated by the archeopyle, the epitractal tabulation is 4`, 3a, 7", and both the anterior and posterior sides of the second intercalary plate are straight, a linteloid type. Cysts of small to medium size.
Affinities: (GSC translation):
He Chengquan (1984) emended this genus by indicating its archeopyle of apical series based on the dislocated apical area showed on his specimens, and claimed that the girdle folds might reflect the cingulum. An observation on a great number (more than 100) of specimens from the type locality this time showed that the archeopyle of Parabohaidina is in fact the same as in Bohaidina. The ruptured accessary archeopyle suture separated the apical and intercalary series, and the three displaced or even missing intercalary plates are easily confused with the 3I archeopyle type. Parabohaidina is similar to Bohaidina in many aspects except for the absence of girdle projections. The transitional form may be observed, and they may occur together in the same strata. These facts suggest their close affinity.
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Modified description:
Chen et al., 1988, p.19:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, outline subcircular to roundly lozenge-shaped; folds generally present ventrally, ventral prominences absent; autophragm variously ornamented with features of low relief; archeopyle, when present, apical.
Description:
Shape: Outline subcircular, rhombic, to roundly lozenge-shaped.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Surface variously ornamented with features of low relief; ventral folds usually present; ventral prominences absent.
Archeopyle: Apical, when discernible; specific type unknown.
Paratabulation: Not indicated.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Small to intermediate, about 35 µm to 80 µm in length and width.
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Sung et al., 1978:
Affinities:
Parabohaidina differs from Bohaidina Sung et al., 1978 in lacking ventral prominence.
[Parabohaidina, Jiabo, 1978, p. 43; Emendations: He Chengquan, 1984b, p. 155; Xu Jinli and Mao Shaozhi, 1989, p. 300-301; Sun Xuekun, 1994, p. 80,82; He Chengquan et al., 2009, p. 464, 645
Type Species: Parabohaidina laevigata, Jiabo, 1978 (pl.16, fig.9)]
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Original description: [Jiabo, 1978]: (Translation: Chen et al., 1988, p. 21):
Description:
Cysts subrhomboidal. Without indications of paracingulum, parasulcus, and endocyst. An equatorial, folded area, present on the ventral surface, is without prominences. Epicyst and hypocyst are about equal in size. Surface smooth, granulate, reticulate, rugulate or verrucate.
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Emended descriptions:
He Cheng-quan, 1984: (Translation: Chen et al., 1988, p. 21):
Diagnosis:
Cysts rhomboidal. Paracingulum, parasulcus, and endocyst all absent. Commonly there are two folds in the equatorial area, which are perhaps the expression of a paracingulum. Epicyst and hypocyst of equal size. There are no prominences at the ends of the equatorial area. Surface smooth, granulate, reticulate or verrucate. Archeopyle, when present, apical.
------------------------------------
Xu Jin-li and Mao Shao-zhi, 1989: (Translation: Fensome et al., 1991, p. 383; Provisional translation by GSC: courtesy R. Fensome)
Diagnosis:
Cyst rhombic to oval in outline. Epitract almost equal to hypotract, and both with a rounded protrusion. Girdle projections absent or weakly developed. Two unequally developed girdle folds around the equator. Wall is an autophragm, its surface smooth, granulate, rugose, verrucate; ornament nontabular. There are no indications of cingulum, sulcus or endoblast. Archeopyle of combination type (tA)a+3Ia or (tA)a+3I, operculum compound, constituted by [a single piece representing the apical series and three intercalary plates. The apical piece is attached to the cyst ventrally; the three intercalary plates are either posteriorly attached or free. As indicated by the archeopyle, the epitractal tabulation is 4`, 3a, 7", and both the anterior and posterior sides of the second intercalary plate are straight, a linteloid type. Cysts of small to medium size.
Affinities: (GSC translation):
He Chengquan (1984) emended this genus by indicating its archeopyle of apical series based on the dislocated apical area showed on his specimens, and claimed that the girdle folds might reflect the cingulum. An observation on a great number (more than 100) of specimens from the type locality this time showed that the archeopyle of Parabohaidina is in fact the same as in Bohaidina. The ruptured accessary archeopyle suture separated the apical and intercalary series, and the three displaced or even missing intercalary plates are easily confused with the 3I archeopyle type. Parabohaidina is similar to Bohaidina in many aspects except for the absence of girdle projections. The transitional form may be observed, and they may occur together in the same strata. These facts suggest their close affinity.
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Modified description:
Chen et al., 1988, p.19:
Synopsis:
Cysts proximate, outline subcircular to roundly lozenge-shaped; folds generally present ventrally, ventral prominences absent; autophragm variously ornamented with features of low relief; archeopyle, when present, apical.
Description:
Shape: Outline subcircular, rhombic, to roundly lozenge-shaped.
Wall relationships: Autophragm only.
Wall features: Surface variously ornamented with features of low relief; ventral folds usually present; ventral prominences absent.
Archeopyle: Apical, when discernible; specific type unknown.
Paratabulation: Not indicated.
Paracingulum: Not indicated.
Parasulcus: Not indicated.
Size: Small to intermediate, about 35 µm to 80 µm in length and width.
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Sung et al., 1978:
Affinities:
Parabohaidina differs from Bohaidina Sung et al., 1978 in lacking ventral prominence.