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Soaniella
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Soaniella, Vozzhennikova, 1967, p.108.
Emendation: Lentin and Vozzhennikova, 1990, p.66., Vasilyeva, 2012 Lentin and Williams (1976, p.165) indicated Soaniella to be a superfluous name, citing ICBN Article 69 of the 1972 Code (Stafleu et al., 1972), equivalent to ICN Article 57.1. However, that article is not pertinent here and Soaniella is a
validly published name.
Type: Vozzhennikova, 1967, pl.116, figs.1–2, as Soaniella granulata (which see for lectotype).
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Original description: [Vozzhennikova, 1967]: (Translation: Lees in Sarjeant (ed.), 1971):
Description:
Theca oval. Epitheca cupoloid with a small apical process. Hypotheca trapezoid with a small, sometimes barely discernible antapical process or processes. Girdle annulate, dividing the theca into equal or unequal parts. Longitudinal furrow in the form of a depression extending from the transverse furrow to the antapex. Theca thin-walled, its surface smooth or sculptured. Pylome hexagonal, situate above the transverse furrow and taking the place of the third anterior equatorial plate.
Affinities:
Differs from other genera in small size of theca and processes and in its unusual outline.
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Emended description:
Lentin and Vozzhennikova, 1990:
Fossil dinoflagellate cysts roundly peridinioid; epicyst roundly conical with a single small, acuminate or blunt apical horn; hypocyst broadly rounded with two short antapical horns, of which the left may be longer, endocyst closely appressed to pericyst except in the area of the horns, cornucavate. Periphragm ornamented with randomly distributed coarse granules, verrucae or other low elements; endophragm smooth to finely granulose.
Paratabulation indicated by archeopyle and paracingulum only; peridinioid.
Archeopyle identical in both wall layers, combination intercalary precingular; formula I + 3P@ (2a + 3``-5").
Paracingulum indicated by a shallow depression bordered by slightly denser ornament.
Parasulcus not indicated or indicated by a shallow depression only.
Affinities: (p. 67):
The genus Soaniella has been emended to record the nature of the archeopyle. Chichaouadinium has the same type of archeopyle as Soaniella (I + 3P@) but exhibits penitabular rows of ornament or intratabular clusters of ornament while the ornament is random on Soaniella.
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Emended diagnosis Vasilyeva, 2012:
Clarified diagnosis. Peridiniode cornucavate, bicavatate or acavatate cysts, weakly compressed in the dorsoventral direction, medium to small in size. The pericyst is round, rounded-pentagonal to rounded-rhombic. The epicyst has an apical horn from small to welldefined or does not have one at all. The hypocyst may have one or two antapical horns of equal or unequal length, or antapical horns are absent. The endocyst tightly adheres to the pericyst, except for the area of the horns and sometimes the cingulum. The periphragm is granular, fine or thick. The endophragm is thin, smooth or fine grained. Paratabulation is expressed by the structure of the archeopyle, cingulum and sulcus. Archaeopile intercalary, type I(2a) or combined, type 3I3P(1a-3a+3''-5'') or A3I3P (3'+1a-3a+3''-5''). Operculum free or attached. Paracingulum slightly protruding, marked by a small groove on the lateral sides of the cyst and a double suture on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the pericyst or almost invisible. Parasulcus expressed by a small depression on the ventral side of the cyst.
Emended diagnosis: Cornucavate, bicavate acavate peridiniaceans of intermediate or small size. Pericyst outline may be circular, roundly-pen or roundly-rhombic. Apical horn is well expressed, short, or absent. Hypocyst has one, two (equal or unequal) antapical horns, or they are absent. Endocyst is closely appressed to pericyst area of horns and sometimes cingulum. Periphragm thin or thick-layered, granulated. Endophragm is smooth or slightly thin-granulated. Paratabulation indicated by archeopyle, cingulum and sulcus. Archeopyle intercalary, type I(2a) or c3I3P (1a-3a+3"+5") or a3I3P (3"). operculum free or attached. Paracingulum weakly li is indicated by shallow trough at equatorial sides. Double sutures on dorsal and ventral surfaces, sometimes hardly expressed. Parasulcus is shallow depression or not indicated.
Soaniella, Vozzhennikova, 1967, p.108.
Emendation: Lentin and Vozzhennikova, 1990, p.66., Vasilyeva, 2012 Lentin and Williams (1976, p.165) indicated Soaniella to be a superfluous name, citing ICBN Article 69 of the 1972 Code (Stafleu et al., 1972), equivalent to ICN Article 57.1. However, that article is not pertinent here and Soaniella is a
validly published name.
Type: Vozzhennikova, 1967, pl.116, figs.1–2, as Soaniella granulata (which see for lectotype).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Vozzhennikova, 1967]: (Translation: Lees in Sarjeant (ed.), 1971):
Description:
Theca oval. Epitheca cupoloid with a small apical process. Hypotheca trapezoid with a small, sometimes barely discernible antapical process or processes. Girdle annulate, dividing the theca into equal or unequal parts. Longitudinal furrow in the form of a depression extending from the transverse furrow to the antapex. Theca thin-walled, its surface smooth or sculptured. Pylome hexagonal, situate above the transverse furrow and taking the place of the third anterior equatorial plate.
Affinities:
Differs from other genera in small size of theca and processes and in its unusual outline.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended description:
Lentin and Vozzhennikova, 1990:
Fossil dinoflagellate cysts roundly peridinioid; epicyst roundly conical with a single small, acuminate or blunt apical horn; hypocyst broadly rounded with two short antapical horns, of which the left may be longer, endocyst closely appressed to pericyst except in the area of the horns, cornucavate. Periphragm ornamented with randomly distributed coarse granules, verrucae or other low elements; endophragm smooth to finely granulose.
Paratabulation indicated by archeopyle and paracingulum only; peridinioid.
Archeopyle identical in both wall layers, combination intercalary precingular; formula I + 3P@ (2a + 3``-5").
Paracingulum indicated by a shallow depression bordered by slightly denser ornament.
Parasulcus not indicated or indicated by a shallow depression only.
Affinities: (p. 67):
The genus Soaniella has been emended to record the nature of the archeopyle. Chichaouadinium has the same type of archeopyle as Soaniella (I + 3P@) but exhibits penitabular rows of ornament or intratabular clusters of ornament while the ornament is random on Soaniella.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended diagnosis Vasilyeva, 2012:
Clarified diagnosis. Peridiniode cornucavate, bicavatate or acavatate cysts, weakly compressed in the dorsoventral direction, medium to small in size. The pericyst is round, rounded-pentagonal to rounded-rhombic. The epicyst has an apical horn from small to welldefined or does not have one at all. The hypocyst may have one or two antapical horns of equal or unequal length, or antapical horns are absent. The endocyst tightly adheres to the pericyst, except for the area of the horns and sometimes the cingulum. The periphragm is granular, fine or thick. The endophragm is thin, smooth or fine grained. Paratabulation is expressed by the structure of the archeopyle, cingulum and sulcus. Archaeopile intercalary, type I(2a) or combined, type 3I3P(1a-3a+3''-5'') or A3I3P (3'+1a-3a+3''-5''). Operculum free or attached. Paracingulum slightly protruding, marked by a small groove on the lateral sides of the cyst and a double suture on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the pericyst or almost invisible. Parasulcus expressed by a small depression on the ventral side of the cyst.
Emended diagnosis: Cornucavate, bicavate acavate peridiniaceans of intermediate or small size. Pericyst outline may be circular, roundly-pen or roundly-rhombic. Apical horn is well expressed, short, or absent. Hypocyst has one, two (equal or unequal) antapical horns, or they are absent. Endocyst is closely appressed to pericyst area of horns and sometimes cingulum. Periphragm thin or thick-layered, granulated. Endophragm is smooth or slightly thin-granulated. Paratabulation indicated by archeopyle, cingulum and sulcus. Archeopyle intercalary, type I(2a) or c3I3P (1a-3a+3"+5") or a3I3P (3"). operculum free or attached. Paracingulum weakly li is indicated by shallow trough at equatorial sides. Double sutures on dorsal and ventral surfaces, sometimes hardly expressed. Parasulcus is shallow depression or not indicated.