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Triblastula
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Triblastula Wetzel, 1933b, p.54.
Emendations: Morgenroth, 1966a, p.15; Eisenack, 1969a, p.107.
Taxonomic junior synonyms: Rottnestia, according to Yun Hyesu (1981, p.22) -- however, Jan du Chêne et al. (1986a, p.309) retained Rottnestia; Hystrichosphaeropsis, according to Yun Hyesu (1981, p.22) -- however, Jan du Chêne et al. (1986a, p.158) retained Hystrichosphaeropsis.
Sarjeant (1985b, p.138) considered the "Modified Description" of Stover and Evitt (1978, p.195–196) to represent an emendation of Triblastula. This name was not validly published in Wetzel (1932, p.136), since that author did not designate a type, a requirement at that time under the ICZN.
Type: Wetzel, 1933b, pl.6, fig.5, as Triblastula utinensis
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Original description: [O. Wetzel, 1933]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 195.):
Description:
Hystrichospherids with tripartite shells. A spherical central part bears at opposite polar locations of its surface two hemispherical or cylindrical segments. Each or at least one of these bears a larger peg or spine-like process; at the place of the spinea short point may be present at one end. Moreover each of the 3 principal parts is generally covered by a fur of bristle-hairs or spines; but the cover of spines may lose color at the point of invisibility. Color dark brown to light yellow.
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Emended descriptions:
Morgenroth, 1966:
Description:
The genus Triblastula was emended by Morgenroth, 1966 to include forms with a distinct paratabulation. No further diagnosis or description is provided.
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Eisenack, 1969: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 195.):
Description:
Shell longer than wide, consisting of an outer shell (periphragm) and a capsule (endophragm). Capsule oval, thick-walled, and smooth. Outer shell tripartite. Middle part attached to the capsule. Apical part (epitract) and antapical part extend appreciably beyond the capsule, and both taper into centrally placed, hornlike processes. Outer shell tabulate, with (or without) single or branched spines. Girdle (cingulum) present, circular, or slightly helicoidal.
Archeopyle precingular.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 195:
Synopsis:
Cysts bicavate, longitudinally elongate; endocyst subspherical; pericyst elongate ellipsoidal with constrictions near apical and antapical ends of endocyst; wall layers appressed in paracingular and adjacent areas, separated elsewhere; apical horn and short antapical protrusion present; paratabulation indicated only at or near paracingulum; archeopyle precingular, Type P.
Description:
Shape: Longitudinally elongate, with constrictions near apical and antapical ends of endocyst; apical horn and short medial, antapical protrusion present.
Wall relationships: Bicavate; endophragm subspherical; periphragm appressed to endophragm in precingular, cingular, and postcingular areas, separated elsewhere to form apical and antapical pericoels.
Wall features: Parasutural rows of processes or low parasutural ridges between bases of processes occur at and near the paracingular area; parasutural features become faint or indistinct toward apex and antapex. Endophragm and periphragm smooth; occasional threadlike strands may connect wall layers in apical and antapical areas.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle and parasutural features; latter delimit paracingulum, part of parasulcus, and some boundaries between precingular and postcingular paraplates; formula unknown.
Archeopyle: Precingular, Type P (3`` only); operculum free.
Paracingulum: Indicated by transverse alignment of processes whose bases may be joined by low parasutural ridges.
Parasulcus: Only partly indicated in paracingular area by parasutural features.
Size: Large.
Affinities:
Triblastula differs from Rottnestia in that it lacks furcate processes of the Spiniferites type, and its periphragm is constricted near the apical and antapical ends of the endocyst. It has, as well, a short medial antapical projection. Triblastula differs from Amphidiadema, whose shape is similar, in having processes and a precingular, rather than an intercalary, archeopyle.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Triblastula O.Wetzel, 1933b, emend. Morgenroth, 1966a, emend. Eisenack, 1969a. Synopsis from Stover and Evitt (1978, p.195), cysts bicavate, longitudinally elongate, endocyst subspherical, pericyst elongate ellipsoidal with constrictions near the apical and antapical ends of the endocyst; wall layers appressed in paracingular and adjacent areas, separated elsewhere; apical horn and short antapical protrusion present; paratabulation indicted only at or near paracingulum; archeopyle precingular type P.
Triblastula Wetzel, 1933b, p.54.
Emendations: Morgenroth, 1966a, p.15; Eisenack, 1969a, p.107.
Taxonomic junior synonyms: Rottnestia, according to Yun Hyesu (1981, p.22) -- however, Jan du Chêne et al. (1986a, p.309) retained Rottnestia; Hystrichosphaeropsis, according to Yun Hyesu (1981, p.22) -- however, Jan du Chêne et al. (1986a, p.158) retained Hystrichosphaeropsis.
Sarjeant (1985b, p.138) considered the "Modified Description" of Stover and Evitt (1978, p.195–196) to represent an emendation of Triblastula. This name was not validly published in Wetzel (1932, p.136), since that author did not designate a type, a requirement at that time under the ICZN.
Type: Wetzel, 1933b, pl.6, fig.5, as Triblastula utinensis
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [O. Wetzel, 1933]: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 195.):
Description:
Hystrichospherids with tripartite shells. A spherical central part bears at opposite polar locations of its surface two hemispherical or cylindrical segments. Each or at least one of these bears a larger peg or spine-like process; at the place of the spinea short point may be present at one end. Moreover each of the 3 principal parts is generally covered by a fur of bristle-hairs or spines; but the cover of spines may lose color at the point of invisibility. Color dark brown to light yellow.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended descriptions:
Morgenroth, 1966:
Description:
The genus Triblastula was emended by Morgenroth, 1966 to include forms with a distinct paratabulation. No further diagnosis or description is provided.
----------------------------------------------
Eisenack, 1969: (Translation: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 195.):
Description:
Shell longer than wide, consisting of an outer shell (periphragm) and a capsule (endophragm). Capsule oval, thick-walled, and smooth. Outer shell tripartite. Middle part attached to the capsule. Apical part (epitract) and antapical part extend appreciably beyond the capsule, and both taper into centrally placed, hornlike processes. Outer shell tabulate, with (or without) single or branched spines. Girdle (cingulum) present, circular, or slightly helicoidal.
Archeopyle precingular.
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Modified description:
Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 195:
Synopsis:
Cysts bicavate, longitudinally elongate; endocyst subspherical; pericyst elongate ellipsoidal with constrictions near apical and antapical ends of endocyst; wall layers appressed in paracingular and adjacent areas, separated elsewhere; apical horn and short antapical protrusion present; paratabulation indicated only at or near paracingulum; archeopyle precingular, Type P.
Description:
Shape: Longitudinally elongate, with constrictions near apical and antapical ends of endocyst; apical horn and short medial, antapical protrusion present.
Wall relationships: Bicavate; endophragm subspherical; periphragm appressed to endophragm in precingular, cingular, and postcingular areas, separated elsewhere to form apical and antapical pericoels.
Wall features: Parasutural rows of processes or low parasutural ridges between bases of processes occur at and near the paracingular area; parasutural features become faint or indistinct toward apex and antapex. Endophragm and periphragm smooth; occasional threadlike strands may connect wall layers in apical and antapical areas.
Paratabulation: Indicated by archeopyle and parasutural features; latter delimit paracingulum, part of parasulcus, and some boundaries between precingular and postcingular paraplates; formula unknown.
Archeopyle: Precingular, Type P (3`` only); operculum free.
Paracingulum: Indicated by transverse alignment of processes whose bases may be joined by low parasutural ridges.
Parasulcus: Only partly indicated in paracingular area by parasutural features.
Size: Large.
Affinities:
Triblastula differs from Rottnestia in that it lacks furcate processes of the Spiniferites type, and its periphragm is constricted near the apical and antapical ends of the endocyst. It has, as well, a short medial antapical projection. Triblastula differs from Amphidiadema, whose shape is similar, in having processes and a precingular, rather than an intercalary, archeopyle.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Triblastula O.Wetzel, 1933b, emend. Morgenroth, 1966a, emend. Eisenack, 1969a. Synopsis from Stover and Evitt (1978, p.195), cysts bicavate, longitudinally elongate, endocyst subspherical, pericyst elongate ellipsoidal with constrictions near the apical and antapical ends of the endocyst; wall layers appressed in paracingular and adjacent areas, separated elsewhere; apical horn and short antapical protrusion present; paratabulation indicted only at or near paracingulum; archeopyle precingular type P.