Data plotted here is from DINOSTRAT, available via Zenodo: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7791273. Please cite Bijl, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-579-2022 when using this data.


Plots are based on the following information

Location	Taxon	Source	Calibration	Age (Ma)	Paleolatitude
Borneo	Operculodinium israelianum	Besems, 1993	0.67 in stage_Burdigalian	17.4618	8.31927
Borneo	Operculodinium microtriainum	Besems, 1993	1 in stage_Priabonian	33.9	10.588000000000001
Marche	Operculodinium placitum	Biffi and Manum, 1988	1 in nan_n_NN4	14.86	39.33429944894779
Marche	Operculodinium tiara	Biffi and Manum, 1988	0.5 in nan_n_NP21	33.68	35.61709698843237
Marche	Operculodinium tiara	Biffi and Manum, 1988	1 in nan_n_NP22	32.02	36.033778716327966
Marche	Operculodinium placitum	Biffi and Manum, 1988	0.25 in nan_n_NP25	25.889000000000003	37.10848017623574
Marche	Operculodinium tegillatum	Zevenboom, 1995	0 in mag_C3n.3n	4.896	42.063392
Marche	Operculodinium pontis	Zevenboom, 1995	0.5 in mag_C4n	7.8309999999999995	41.262137
Marche	Operculodinium variabile	Zevenboom, 1995	0.5 in mag_C5ACn	13.9045	39.59690477333676
Marche	Operculodinium piaseckii	Zevenboom, 1995	0 in mag_C6AAn	21.204	37.75539425271629
U1356A	Operculodinium eirikianum	Bijl et al., 2018	0 in mag_C12r	33.214	-58.60795105
U1356A	Operculodinium piaseckii	Bijl et al., 2018	0.75 in mag_C5ACn	13.821750000000002	-59.415641911363636
U1356A	Operculodinium eirikianum	Bijl et al., 2018	0.75 in mag_C6Cn.1n	22.4545	-58.25269198857143
U1356A	Operculodinium piaseckii	Bijl et al., 2018	1 in mag_C6Cn.3n	23.212	-58.308288160000004
U1356A	Operculodinium janduchenei	Bijl et al., 2018	0.67 in mag_C7n	24.168219999999998	-58.37846924388572
Massignano_Monte Cagnero	Operculodinium tiara	Brinkhuis and Biffi, 1993	0.05 in mag_C12r	33.10215	35.7858622587292
Massignano_Monte Cagnero	Operculodinium microtriainum	Brinkhuis and Biffi, 1993	1 in nan_c_CP16c	32.02	36.05661743181182
1168	Operculodinium echigoense	Brinkhuis et al., 2003a	1 in mag_C5Dn	17.154	-47.508700172941175
1168	Operculodinium janduchenei	Brinkhuis et al., 2003a	0.67 in mag_C2An.1n	2.73921	-42.769044940533334
1168	Operculodinium echigoense	Brinkhuis et al., 2003a	0.5 in mag_C3n.3r	4.9465	-43.17208633029412
1168	Operculodinium janduchenei	Brinkhuis et al., 2003a	0.72 between 0 mag_C6Cn.3n 0 mag_C6Bn.2n	22.61528	-49.755979862857146
1168	Operculodinium piaseckii	Brinkhuis et al., 2003a	0.3 between 0 mag_C6Cn.3n 0 mag_C6Bn.2n	23.0252	-49.979561942857146
Priabona	Operculodinium placitum	Brinkhuis, 1994	0.6 in plfor_A_P18	32.8853	37.64755
553	Operculodinium uncinispinosum	Brown and Downie, 1984	0 in nan_n_NP10	56.001	46.11335433
553	Operculodinium uncinispinosum	Brown and Downie, 1984	1 in nan_n_NP10	54.09206	46.369934356114285
555	Operculodinium uncinispinosum	Brown and Downie, 1984	0 in nan_n_NP10	56.001	46.50457344
555	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Brown and Downie, 1984	0 in nan_n_NP12	52.93	46.91799918571429
548	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Brown and Downie, 1985	0 in nan_n_NP25	26.810000000000002	41.9202363
nw Pacific	Operculodinium israelianum	Bujak and Matsuoka, 1986	0.33 in stage_Burdigalian	18.9782	51.785422
nw Pacific	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Bujak and Matsuoka, 1986	0 in stage_Gelasian	2.58	47.525600000000004
nw Pacific	Operculodinium crassum	Bujak and Matsuoka, 1986	0 in stage_Chibanian	0.774	46.947680000000005
nw Pacific	Operculodinium wallii	Bujak and Matsuoka, 1986	0 in stage_Chibanian	0.774	46.947680000000005
nw Pacific	Operculodinium crassum	Bujak and Matsuoka, 1986	0 in stage_Piacenzian	3.6	47.852000000000004
North Sea Compilation	Operculodinium crassum	Powell, 1992	0.67 in nan_n_NN4	15.8764	47.842134756235296
North Sea Compilation	Operculodinium xanthium	Powell, 1992	0.2 in nan_n_NP24	27.068640000000002	45.581590165942856
North Sea Compilation	Operculodinium xanthium	Powell, 1992	0.1 in plfor_A_P22	26.589560000000002	45.64904189234286
610	Operculodinium eirikianum	De Schepper and Head, 2008	0.5 in mag_C2An.1n	2.8135000000000003	51.85098478
610	Operculodinium eirikianum crebrum	De Schepper and Head, 2008	1 in mag_C2An.3n	3.33	51.5525924
610	Operculodinium vacuolatum	De Schepper and Head, 2009	0.05 in mag_C2r.2r	2.5722500000000004	51.99035973
610	Operculodinium tegillatum	De Schepper and Head, 2009	0.75 in nan_n_NN16	2.8525	51.8284537
610	Operculodinium tegillatum	De Schepper et al., 2009	0.25 in nan_n_NN12	5.4175	50.799727037500006
642B	Operculodinium janduchenei	De Schepper et al., 2017	1 in mag_C2An.3n	3.33	65.88676533333333
642B	Operculodinium tegillatum	De Schepper et al., 2017	0.5 in mag_C3n.2n	4.562	65.39893907333334
642B	Operculodinium tegillatum	De Schepper et al., 2017	0.9 in mag_C3r	5.3138000000000005	65.19264765933333
646	Operculodinium crassum	De Vernal and Mudie, 1989	0 in nan_n_NN16	3.82	56.27370314
646	Operculodinium longispinigerum	De Vernal and Mudie, 1989	0 in nan_n_NN16	3.82	56.27370314
646	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Head et al., 1989	0.5 in nan_n_NN10	8.95	55.10102345
646	Operculodinium eirikianum	Head et al., 1989	0.5 in nan_n_NN10	8.95	55.10102345
646	Operculodinium eirikianum	Head et al., 1989	0.5 in nan_n_NN12	5.305	56.371265855000004
644	Operculodinium crassum	De Vernal et al., 1992	0.95 in mag_Matuyama	0.78385	66.8530046095
644	Operculodinium israelianum	De Vernal et al., 1992	0.95 in mag_Matuyama	0.78385	66.8530046095
607	Operculodinium israelianum	De Vernal et al., 1992	0.1 in nan_n_NN19	1.7799999999999998	40.0859186
607	Operculodinium psilatum	De Vernal et al., 1992	0.1 in nan_n_NN19	1.7799999999999998	40.0859186
607	Operculodinium wallii	Mudie, 1987	1 in nan_n_NN11	5.53	38.318153975
607	Operculodinium crassum	Mudie, 1987	0.8 in nan_n_NN16	2.788	39.47342756
607	Operculodinium longispinigerum	Mudie, 1987	0.4 in nan_n_NN16	3.304	39.15989048
611	Operculodinium janduchenei	De Vernal et al., 1992	0.9 in nan_n_NN18	1.976	49.883432426666666
611	Operculodinium crassum	De Vernal et al., 1992	0.25 in nan_n_NN19	1.555	50.12859055
611	Operculodinium israelianum	De Vernal et al., 1992	0.25 in nan_n_NN19	1.555	50.12859055
611	Operculodinium longispinigerum	Mudie, 1987	0.6 in nan_n_NN11	6.634	48.05314334857143
611	Operculodinium crassum	Mudie, 1987	0.5 in nan_n_NN12	5.305	48.381945542857146
611	Operculodinium psilatum	Mudie, 1987	0.5 in nan_n_NN18	2.16	49.776284933333336
611	Operculodinium wallii	Mudie, 1987	0.5 in nan_n_NN9	10.09	47.1981092
Chesapeak Bay	Operculodinium eirikianum	De Verteuil and Norris, 1996	1 in nan_n_NN10	8.29	36.370854447058825
913	Operculodinium divergens	Firth, 1996	0.5 in mag_C18n.1r	39.623999999999995	64.55494048
913	Operculodinium divergens	Firth, 1996	0.5 in mag_C19n	41.105000000000004	64.0877146
Hor Harar	Operculodinium severinii	Eshet et al., 1992	0 in plfor_B_P1a	65.73400000000001	13.41577642
Scotian Margin	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Williams and Bujak, 1977	1 in stage_Selandian	59.24	36.849498
Scotian Margin	Operculodinium divergens	Williams et al., 1993	0.8 in stage_Lutetian	42.438	38.01657668
Scotian Margin	Operculodinium divergens	Williams et al., 1993	0.25 in stage_Rupelian	32.2475	39.23268348333333
400	Operculodinium crassum	Harland, 1979	0 in nan_n_NN11	8.29	44.31420815
400	Operculodinium psilatum	Harland, 1979	0 in nan_n_NN12	5.53	45.083599549999995
400	Operculodinium psilatum	Harland, 1979	0.5 in nan_n_NN19	1.18	47.027975
400	Operculodinium crassum	Harland, 1979	0.25 in nan_n_NN19	1.555	46.826131249999996
603A	Operculodinium tegillatum	Head & Norris, 2003 sensu Louwye et al., 2004	0.25 in nan_n_NN16	3.4974999999999996	34.114500025000005
compilation2	Operculodinium tegillatum	Head, 1998	0.6 in mag_C2r.1n	2.1256	51.6168228
Viborg-1	Operculodinium severinii	Heilmann-Clausen, 1985	0 in nan_n_NP9	57.2231	47.10956169575
Pannonian Basin	Operculodinium borgerholtense	Jiménez-Moreno et al., 2006	0.5 in nan_n_NN4	16.4	45.155
Suvlu	Operculodinium nanaconulum	King et al., 2018	0.5 in nan_n_NP12	51.787945	38.1884292341375
Suvlu	Operculodinium nanaconulum	King et al., 2018	0.4 in nan_n_NP13	49.90743	38.362945727425
Salt Range	Operculodinium spiniferum	Köthe et al., 1988	0 in nan_n_NP11	54.09206	5.006834635800002
Doel	Operculodinium tegillatum	Louwye et al., 2004	0.1 in nan_n_NN16	3.691	49.80179714
Oga	Operculodinium crassum	Matsuoka et al., 1987	1 in plfor_A_N18/N19	4.37	32.011695343750006
Oga	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Matsuoka et al., 1987	0.5 in plfor_A_N20/N21	3.15	31.888187833333337
911	Operculodinium crassum	Matthiessen and Brenner, 1996	0.8 in mag_C2r.2r	2.231	79.710937485
765A	Operculodinium israelianum	McMinn, 1992	0 in nan_c_CN5a	13.660400000000001	-23.394448346666668
765A	Operculodinium centrocarpum	McMinn, 1992	0.75 in nan_c_CN5b	11.137500000000001	-22.156040833333336
765A	Operculodinium longispinigerum	McMinn, 1992	0.75 in nan_c_CN7	9.85	-21.52405
815	Operculodinium centrocarpum	McMinn, 1993	0.5 in nan_c_CN12b	2.6449999999999996	-20.393735533333334
907	Operculodinium tegillatum	Schreck et al., 2012	0.75 in mag_C3r	5.432	65.90755126545454
907	Operculodinium eirikianum	Schreck et al., 2012	0 in mag_C5Ar	13.032	64.23921999272727
907	Operculodinium eirikianum	Schreck et al., 2012	0 in mag_C5Ar.3r	13.032	64.23921999272727
907	Operculodinium giganteum	Schreck et al., 2013	0.25 in stage_Tortonian	10.55	64.78406186363637
907	Operculodinium piaseckii	Schreck et al., 2012	0.5 between 1 mag_C5n.2n 1 mag_C3Ar	8.3555	65.26579251863636
Jutland	Operculodinium xanthium	Śliwińska et al., 2012	1 in mag_C10n	27.859	49.236774430000004
Jutland	Operculodinium xanthium	Śliwińska et al., 2012	0.5 in mag_C13n	33.47	49.24929595
Shukheir-1	Operculodinium borgerholtense	Soliman et al., 2012	0.5 in nan_n_NN4	16.4	23.004567846153847
Shukheir-1	Operculodinium janduchenei	Soliman et al., 2012	0 in nan_n_NN4	17.94	22.495263784615386
Shukheir-1	Operculodinium janduchenei	Soliman et al., 2012	0.5 in nan_n_NN4	16.4	23.004567846153847
Shukheir-1	Operculodinium piaseckii	Soliman et al., 2012	0 in nan_n_NN4	17.94	22.495263784615386
Shukheir-1	Operculodinium borgerholtense	Soliman et al., 2012	0.25 in nan_n_NN5	14.5601	23.61305391292308
Massignano	Operculodinium hirsutum	Van Mourik and Brinkhuis, 2005	0.8 in mag_C13r	34.0012	35.871295025208234
1053	Operculodinium divergens	Van Mourik et al., 2001	0 in mag_C13r	35.102	27.198453133333334
1053	Operculodinium divergens	Van Mourik et al., 2001	0 in mag_C13r	35.102	27.198453133333334
Rupel	Operculodinium xanthium	Van Simaeys et al., 2004	0.2 in nan_n_NP23	31.04266	43.74971889576
Rupel	Operculodinium xanthium	Van Simaeys et al., 2004	0.3 in nan_n_NP24	27.03631	43.903625531100005
Singa	Operculodinium eirikianum	Versteegh, 1997	0.8 in nan_c_CN15	0.057999999999999996	38.441300000000005
Singa	Operculodinium israelianum	Versteegh, 1997	0.8 in nan_c_CN15	0.057999999999999996	38.441300000000005
Singa	Operculodinium janduchenei	Versteegh, 1997	0.8 in nan_c_CN15	0.057999999999999996	38.441300000000005
370	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Williams and Bujak, 1977	0.2 in stage_Ypresian	54.414	21.89065958105263
DSDP 1-6	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Williams and Bujak, 1977	0.5 in stage_Selandian	60.45	28.9105865
Gulf Coast1	Operculodinium placitum	Wrenn and Kokinos, 1986	0.8 in plfor_A_N22	0.3859999999999999	29.16304334
1039	Operculodinium israelianum	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.8 in stage_Langhian	14.254	-1.3766408228571434
1039	Operculodinium piaseckii	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.9 in stage_Langhian	14.037	-1.2315161828571437
1039	Operculodinium giganteum	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.75 in stage_Serravallian	12.1925	0.0020432571428568025
1039	Operculodinium giganteum	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.8 in stage_Serravallian	12.084	0.0746055771428571
1039	Operculodinium minutum	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0 in stage_Serravallian	13.82	-1.0863915428571431
1039	Operculodinium minutum	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.33 in stage_Serravallian	13.1039	-0.607480230857143
1039	Operculodinium piaseckii	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.25 in stage_Serravallian	13.2775	-0.7235799428571434
1039	Operculodinium vacuolatum	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.25 in stage_Serravallian	13.2775	-0.7235799428571434
1039	Operculodinium vacuolatum	Zegarra and Helenes, 2011	0.67 in stage_Serravallian	12.3661	-0.11405645485714277
Crimea	Operculodinium eisenackii	Vasilyeva and Musatov, 2022	0.2 in nan_a_CNE13	42.584832	19.44208753872
Central Graben	Operculodinium magnum	Vieira et al., 2020b	1 in stage_Danian	61.66	46.4313629
Central Graben	Operculodinium magnum	Vieira et al., 2020b	0.17 in stage_Danian	65.2954	46.623090038
Central Graben	Operculodinium centrocarpum	Vieira et al., 2020b	0.13 in stage_Danian	65.4706	46.645597982000005

Histogram