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Triphragmadinium
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Triphragmadinium Van Simaeys et al., 2005, p.125.
Type: Van Simaeys et al., 2005, pl.1, figs.1–5, as Triphragmadinium demaniae.
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Original description: [Van Simaeys et al., 2005]:
Diagnosis:
Proximate cavate gonyaulacacean dinoflagellate cyst with three distinct wall layers and an apical archeopyle; the endocyst is suturocavate and comprises an inner endophragm and outer mesophragm. The pericyst comprises the periphragm and is in contact with the endocyst at the margins of the apical archeopyle.
Description:
Cyst proximate, subspherical to boxshaped Q, with three wall layers. The endocyst (endophragm and mesophragm) is suturocavate: the mesophragm is generally in contact with the endophragm but separates from the latter along the paracingulum and along the paraplate boundaries. The pericyst (periphragm) is in contact with the endocyst at the archeopyle margins and at the antapical region of the dinocyst. The archeopyle is apical and the operculum is free.
Remarks:
Multilayered walls are uncommon in dinoflagellate cysts and no forms with an apical archeopyle and three all layers have been described. Both Cepadinium Duxbury, 1983 and Lasagniella Brinkhuis et al., 2000 have three or more wall layers, but these cysts have intercalary archeopyles and are regarded as peridiniacean dinoflagellate cysts.
Triphragmadinium Van Simaeys et al., 2005, p.125.
Type: Van Simaeys et al., 2005, pl.1, figs.1–5, as Triphragmadinium demaniae.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Van Simaeys et al., 2005]:
Diagnosis:
Proximate cavate gonyaulacacean dinoflagellate cyst with three distinct wall layers and an apical archeopyle; the endocyst is suturocavate and comprises an inner endophragm and outer mesophragm. The pericyst comprises the periphragm and is in contact with the endocyst at the margins of the apical archeopyle.
Description:
Cyst proximate, subspherical to boxshaped Q, with three wall layers. The endocyst (endophragm and mesophragm) is suturocavate: the mesophragm is generally in contact with the endophragm but separates from the latter along the paracingulum and along the paraplate boundaries. The pericyst (periphragm) is in contact with the endocyst at the archeopyle margins and at the antapical region of the dinocyst. The archeopyle is apical and the operculum is free.
Remarks:
Multilayered walls are uncommon in dinoflagellate cysts and no forms with an apical archeopyle and three all layers have been described. Both Cepadinium Duxbury, 1983 and Lasagniella Brinkhuis et al., 2000 have three or more wall layers, but these cysts have intercalary archeopyles and are regarded as peridiniacean dinoflagellate cysts.