Back
Votadinium psilodorum
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Votadinium psilodorum (Benedek, 1972, p.42, pl.6, fig.5) Artzner and Dörhöfer, 1978, p.1381.
Holotype: Benedek, 1972, pl.6, fig.5; Gurdebeke et al., 2019b, pl.4, figs.1–8.
Originally Lejeunia (generic name illegitimate), subsequently Lejeunia? (generic name illegitimate), thirdly Lejeunecysta?, fourthly (and now) Votadinium.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Selenopemphix nephroides, according to Benedek and Sarjeant (1981, p.333) — however, Lentin and Williams (1985, p.217) and Head (1993, p.36) retained Lejeunecysta psilodora.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Lejeunecysta psuchra, according to Gurdebeke et al. (2019b, VRp.11–12),
Age: middle Oligocene.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From Gurdebeke et al., 2019b: [as Votadinium psilodora]:
Votadinium psilodora (Benedek, 1972) comb. nov.
Plate 4, figures 1–11
Synonymy.
1972 Lejeunecysta psilodora: Benedek, pl. 6, fig. 5.
1981 Selenopemphix nephroides, pars: Benedek & Sarjeant, figs 8, 3–4.
1987 Lejeunecysta psuchra: Matsuoka, pl. 9, figs 7–8.
1988 Votadinium calvum Reid: Bint, fig. 3-J.
1988 Lejeunecysta psilodora (Benedek) Artzner & Dorhofer:
Gruas-Cavagnetto & Barbin, pl. V, figs 12–13.
1989 Cyst of Protoperidinium oblongum: Kojima, fig. 6-2.
2000 Protoperidinium sp. 1: Cho, p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 8.
2004 Lejeunecysta psuchra: Louwye et al., fig. 10r–s.
2010 Cyst of Protoperidinium spp.: Pospelova et al., pl. 5, fig. 5.
Motile stage equivalent. Unknown.
Holotype. Mid-Oligocene of Tonisbergen (Germany). The holotype is stored in the repository of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Koln, Germany. Re-illustrated here in Plate 4, figures 1-8.
Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics separate ‘Lejeunecysta psuchra’ Matsuoka from ‘L. psilodora’ Benedek. Lejeunecysta psuchra is slightly smaller (length 80–84 mm; width 68–72 mm, Matsuoka 1987) than Lejeunecysta psilodora (length 90–96 mm, width 75–78 mm, Benedek 1972). Therefore, synonymy of Lejeunecysta psilodora and Lejeunecysta psuchra is proposed, with Lejeunecysta psuchra as the junior synonym. Furthermore, no expression of the cingulum as an equatorial indentation of the cyst body was observed. As the presence of a cingulum was the main characteristic that distinguishes Votadinium from Lejeunecysta, Lejeunecysta psilodora is transferred to the genus Votadinium. Also, the archeopyle index of ‘L. psilodora’ is too large and the antapical horns are wide and rounded, as previously noted by Stover and Evitt (1978, p. 112); these are characteristics more suited for Votadinium. The holotype of V. psilodora is re-illustrated in Plate 4, figures 1–8. The holotype
of ‘L. psuchra’ was not found, but observations were made on cysts from the type material (Plate 4, figs 9–11).
Comparison. Votadinium psilodora is different from Votadinium reidii in having a more rounded outline and (ant)apical horns, and from V. pontifossatum by the absence of a pontifossate ornamentation. Votadinium psilodora is also distinguished from V. calvum, V. spinosum, V. rhomboideum and the cyst of P. venustum by the dorsal position of the archeopyle.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. Mid-Oligocene deposits from Tonisbergen (NW Germany; Benedek 1972), Pliocene deposits from Belgium (Louwye et al. 2004) and late Quaternary sediments from Japan (Matsuoka 1987, 1992). Williams and Bujak (1977, p. 30) reported L. psilodora as having its highest occurrence in their ‘Epicephalopyxis indentata assemblage’, which ranges into the early Miocene. They did not provide illustrations, so the identification cannot be confirmed.
Votadinium psilodorum (Benedek, 1972, p.42, pl.6, fig.5) Artzner and Dörhöfer, 1978, p.1381.
Holotype: Benedek, 1972, pl.6, fig.5; Gurdebeke et al., 2019b, pl.4, figs.1–8.
Originally Lejeunia (generic name illegitimate), subsequently Lejeunia? (generic name illegitimate), thirdly Lejeunecysta?, fourthly (and now) Votadinium.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Selenopemphix nephroides, according to Benedek and Sarjeant (1981, p.333) — however, Lentin and Williams (1985, p.217) and Head (1993, p.36) retained Lejeunecysta psilodora.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Lejeunecysta psuchra, according to Gurdebeke et al. (2019b, VRp.11–12),
Age: middle Oligocene.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From Gurdebeke et al., 2019b: [as Votadinium psilodora]:
Votadinium psilodora (Benedek, 1972) comb. nov.
Plate 4, figures 1–11
Synonymy.
1972 Lejeunecysta psilodora: Benedek, pl. 6, fig. 5.
1981 Selenopemphix nephroides, pars: Benedek & Sarjeant, figs 8, 3–4.
1987 Lejeunecysta psuchra: Matsuoka, pl. 9, figs 7–8.
1988 Votadinium calvum Reid: Bint, fig. 3-J.
1988 Lejeunecysta psilodora (Benedek) Artzner & Dorhofer:
Gruas-Cavagnetto & Barbin, pl. V, figs 12–13.
1989 Cyst of Protoperidinium oblongum: Kojima, fig. 6-2.
2000 Protoperidinium sp. 1: Cho, p. 24, pl. 2, fig. 8.
2004 Lejeunecysta psuchra: Louwye et al., fig. 10r–s.
2010 Cyst of Protoperidinium spp.: Pospelova et al., pl. 5, fig. 5.
Motile stage equivalent. Unknown.
Holotype. Mid-Oligocene of Tonisbergen (Germany). The holotype is stored in the repository of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Koln, Germany. Re-illustrated here in Plate 4, figures 1-8.
Remarks. No diagnostic characteristics separate ‘Lejeunecysta psuchra’ Matsuoka from ‘L. psilodora’ Benedek. Lejeunecysta psuchra is slightly smaller (length 80–84 mm; width 68–72 mm, Matsuoka 1987) than Lejeunecysta psilodora (length 90–96 mm, width 75–78 mm, Benedek 1972). Therefore, synonymy of Lejeunecysta psilodora and Lejeunecysta psuchra is proposed, with Lejeunecysta psuchra as the junior synonym. Furthermore, no expression of the cingulum as an equatorial indentation of the cyst body was observed. As the presence of a cingulum was the main characteristic that distinguishes Votadinium from Lejeunecysta, Lejeunecysta psilodora is transferred to the genus Votadinium. Also, the archeopyle index of ‘L. psilodora’ is too large and the antapical horns are wide and rounded, as previously noted by Stover and Evitt (1978, p. 112); these are characteristics more suited for Votadinium. The holotype of V. psilodora is re-illustrated in Plate 4, figures 1–8. The holotype
of ‘L. psuchra’ was not found, but observations were made on cysts from the type material (Plate 4, figs 9–11).
Comparison. Votadinium psilodora is different from Votadinium reidii in having a more rounded outline and (ant)apical horns, and from V. pontifossatum by the absence of a pontifossate ornamentation. Votadinium psilodora is also distinguished from V. calvum, V. spinosum, V. rhomboideum and the cyst of P. venustum by the dorsal position of the archeopyle.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. Mid-Oligocene deposits from Tonisbergen (NW Germany; Benedek 1972), Pliocene deposits from Belgium (Louwye et al. 2004) and late Quaternary sediments from Japan (Matsuoka 1987, 1992). Williams and Bujak (1977, p. 30) reported L. psilodora as having its highest occurrence in their ‘Epicephalopyxis indentata assemblage’, which ranges into the early Miocene. They did not provide illustrations, so the identification cannot be confirmed.