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Votadinium reidii
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Votadinium reidii Gurdebeke, Mertens, Pospelova, Matsuoka, Gribble and Louwye in Gurdebeke et al., 2019b, VRp.13, 15–16, pl.5, figs.1–13.
Holotype: Gurdebeke et al., 2019b, pl.5, figs.1–3.
Motile equivalent: Protoperidinium steidingerae, according to Gurdebeke et al. (2019b, VRp.13).
Age: Holocene.
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Original description: [Gurdebeke et a;., 2019b]:
Votadinium reidii sp. nov.
Gurdebeke, Mertens, Pospelova, Matsuoka, Gribble & Louwye
Plate 5, figures 1–13
Synonymy.
1965 Peridinium sp. cyst-form 1: Wall
1966 P. oblongum (Aur.) Cleve: Wall & Dale, fig 6
1968 Cyst of Protoperidinium oblongum (Aurivillius) Paulsen: Wall & Dale, pl. 1, figs 23–24.
2005 Protoperidinium oblongum: Pospelova et al., fig. 6.8.
2009 Cyst of Protoperidinium steidingerae: Gribble et al., figs 4, 5.
Motile stage equivalent. Protoperidinium steidingerae, according to Gribble and Anderson (2006) and Gribble et al. (2009).
Holotype. Cyst from culture experiment based on material sampled at Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory, Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts (41°19.50'N, 70°34.0'W; MV0923-PO-1 in Gribble et al. 2009) mounted on SEM stub GR-2, illustrated in Plate 5, figures 1–3.
Repository. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS, Brussels), accession no. IRSNB b7156.
Etymology. Named in honor of P.C. Reid, who erected the genus Votadinium.
Diagnosis. Brownish elongated cyst with smooth wall. Outline with straight edges, especially on the left side of the cyst; right cyst variably more rounded. Apical horn variable, ranging from long and narrow to small and rounded. Antapical horns ranging from elongated to well rounded; right antapical horn mostly longer than the left one. Sulcal area with flagellar scar. Archeopyle hexagonal in dorsal position, not involving apex.
Description. There is considerable variability in the cyst shape, ranging from elongated with straight edges (Plate 5, figures 3, 4) to nearly equidimensional and more rounded (Plate 5, figures 10–13). The archeopyle shape is consistent, however, and the outline of the left side of the cyst is always straight. The archeopyle reflects a 2a intercalary plate.
Dimensions. Gribble et al. (2009): length 68 (83) 95 µm, width 48 (59) 68 µm, L/W: 1.2 (1.4) 1.8 (N = 30).
Remarks. Most of the information available stems from incubation experiments (Gribble et al. 2009). Palynological records are rare and limited to the same region (Pospelova et al. 2005). The relationship of P. steidingerae with the morphologically closely related motile-based species P. concinna and P. novella described by Faust (2006) in the subgenus Testeria is unclear (Gribble et al. 2009, p. 102) and needs further investigation.
Comparison. Votadinium elongatum has a more rounded outline and archeopyle. It differs from V. calvum and V. spinosum by having a straight outline and a length that is generally greater than the width, and a dorsal archeopyle. Votadinium spinosum and V. pontifossatum are different because they have ornamentation. The apex is not involved in the operculum, which differentiates it from V. rhomboideum.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. Rare species, presently known from cultures based on material recovered from Vineyard Sound (Massachusetts, USA) and from surface sediments from New England (USA).
Votadinium reidii Gurdebeke, Mertens, Pospelova, Matsuoka, Gribble and Louwye in Gurdebeke et al., 2019b, VRp.13, 15–16, pl.5, figs.1–13.
Holotype: Gurdebeke et al., 2019b, pl.5, figs.1–3.
Motile equivalent: Protoperidinium steidingerae, according to Gurdebeke et al. (2019b, VRp.13).
Age: Holocene.
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Original description: [Gurdebeke et a;., 2019b]:
Votadinium reidii sp. nov.
Gurdebeke, Mertens, Pospelova, Matsuoka, Gribble & Louwye
Plate 5, figures 1–13
Synonymy.
1965 Peridinium sp. cyst-form 1: Wall
1966 P. oblongum (Aur.) Cleve: Wall & Dale, fig 6
1968 Cyst of Protoperidinium oblongum (Aurivillius) Paulsen: Wall & Dale, pl. 1, figs 23–24.
2005 Protoperidinium oblongum: Pospelova et al., fig. 6.8.
2009 Cyst of Protoperidinium steidingerae: Gribble et al., figs 4, 5.
Motile stage equivalent. Protoperidinium steidingerae, according to Gribble and Anderson (2006) and Gribble et al. (2009).
Holotype. Cyst from culture experiment based on material sampled at Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory, Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts (41°19.50'N, 70°34.0'W; MV0923-PO-1 in Gribble et al. 2009) mounted on SEM stub GR-2, illustrated in Plate 5, figures 1–3.
Repository. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS, Brussels), accession no. IRSNB b7156.
Etymology. Named in honor of P.C. Reid, who erected the genus Votadinium.
Diagnosis. Brownish elongated cyst with smooth wall. Outline with straight edges, especially on the left side of the cyst; right cyst variably more rounded. Apical horn variable, ranging from long and narrow to small and rounded. Antapical horns ranging from elongated to well rounded; right antapical horn mostly longer than the left one. Sulcal area with flagellar scar. Archeopyle hexagonal in dorsal position, not involving apex.
Description. There is considerable variability in the cyst shape, ranging from elongated with straight edges (Plate 5, figures 3, 4) to nearly equidimensional and more rounded (Plate 5, figures 10–13). The archeopyle shape is consistent, however, and the outline of the left side of the cyst is always straight. The archeopyle reflects a 2a intercalary plate.
Dimensions. Gribble et al. (2009): length 68 (83) 95 µm, width 48 (59) 68 µm, L/W: 1.2 (1.4) 1.8 (N = 30).
Remarks. Most of the information available stems from incubation experiments (Gribble et al. 2009). Palynological records are rare and limited to the same region (Pospelova et al. 2005). The relationship of P. steidingerae with the morphologically closely related motile-based species P. concinna and P. novella described by Faust (2006) in the subgenus Testeria is unclear (Gribble et al. 2009, p. 102) and needs further investigation.
Comparison. Votadinium elongatum has a more rounded outline and archeopyle. It differs from V. calvum and V. spinosum by having a straight outline and a length that is generally greater than the width, and a dorsal archeopyle. Votadinium spinosum and V. pontifossatum are different because they have ornamentation. The apex is not involved in the operculum, which differentiates it from V. rhomboideum.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. Rare species, presently known from cultures based on material recovered from Vineyard Sound (Massachusetts, USA) and from surface sediments from New England (USA).