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Corradinisphaeridium horridum
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Corradinisphaeridium horridum (Deflandre, 1937b, p.74, pl.15 [also labelled pl.12], figs.7–8) Masure, 1986, p.112. Emendation: Masure, 1986, p.112–113, as Corradinisphaeridium horridum. Holotype: Deflandre, 1937b, pl.15 (also labelled pl.12), figs.7–8; Masure, 1986, pl.1, figs.4–6 and text-fig.2. Originally Hystrichosphaeridium, subsequently
Baltisphaeridium (Appendix A), thirdly (and now) Corradinisphaeridium. Taxonomic junior synonym:
Lanternosphaeridium (as Fibrocysta?) mutinense, according to Masure (1986, p.112). Age: Senonian.
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Original description: [Deflandre, 1937b] (translated from French):
HYSTRICHOSPHÆRIDIUM HORRIDUM n. sp.
PI. XV, fig. 7, 8.
Holotype: AJ 11, flint S. 8, pebble, Paris.
The only known specimen of this new species is very distinctive, both by the structure of the body of the chamber and by its appendages.
The globose shell is divided into fields or plates separated by lighter-colored grooves meeting at obtuse angles. It appears, from the opening of these angles, that the plates thus delimited are hexagonal. It is from the center of these plates that the powerful processes spring. Some are simple, strong, sharp horns, others are broad, forked, and stiff; still others curve, widening at their distal extremity, which is divided into several sharp spines. The overall impression is one of great robustness. The shell's integument is brownish and granular. The dimensions of the individual, the unique holotype, represented here are: shell alone, 55-57 μ; with appendages, 130-136 μ. H. horridum comes from the flint pebble S. 8 (Paris), already cited many times.
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Emendation by Masure, 1986 (translated from French):
Note: The holotype, which is a unique specimen, comes from a flint of imprecise location and of Senonian age. Corradini encountered this morphotype in the Senonian of Italy. I observed it in the stratotypic Campanian, Archiac well, Charente-Maritime, in layers assigned to biozone -c IV based on benthic foraminifera (NEUMANN, PLATEL et al., 1983).
The emendation below is based on the optical and electron microscopy representations provided by Corradini and on an original revision of his material.
Emended diagnosis: Skolochorate dinoflagellate cyst with an ellipsoidal central body, extended at the apex and antapex by protusions surmounted by a process. Wall consisting of a closely adjacent endophragm and periphragm. Non-fibrous, solid, cylindrical to lamelliform processes, simple or branched at different levels. Length equal to or greater than half the equatorial diameter of the central body. Intratabular distribution, with one or two processes at the center of each paraplate.
Paratabulation formula of the processes: 1-2?pr, 4', 6", 5-6c, 5-6'", 0-1p, 1"", xs.
Deduced paratabulation formula: gonyaulacoid.
Precingulate archaeopyle 2P formed by the loss of the 2" and 3" paraplates (Kofoid system).
Archaeopyle formula according to Taylor-Evitt: 2P 3-4.
Free opercular parts.
Emended description: Skolochorate dinoflagellate cyst with an ellipsoidal body, elongated vertically, extended at the apex and antapex by protrusions surmounted by a process. An endophragm and an adjoining periphragm constitute the wall of the cyst with a non-fibrous, compact or microcavity structure. The surface of the cyst is smooth, perhaps perforated. The non-fibrous, cylindrical to lamelliform processes are intratabular, one or two adorning the center of the paraplates. They taper towards the distal end which is capitate. Their length is greater than the equatorial diameter of the central body. The pre-apical process is branched to lamelliform. Apical processes B and C join it at its base. Processes A and Iu may be isolated. The precingulate processes are single or double. Single processes have an oblong, vertically elongated insertion base. The bases of the double processes are circular, isolated, and superimposed. In the cingulate processes, the insertion bases are elongated along the equator. The process au is frequently highly developed. The postcingulate processes, when single, have a characteristic position: they are offset toward the antapex. The antapical process Y is branched to flabelliform.
Dimensions:
Holotype (after Deflandre):
-- height, processes included: 136 µm
-- width, processes included: 130 µm
-- central body, height: 57 µm
width: 55 µm
Corradini specimens (measurements on 320 individuals):
-- central body, height: 55(78)88 µm
width: 50(65)72 µm
-- processes: 18(32)48 µm
Corradinisphaeridium horridum (Deflandre, 1937b, p.74, pl.15 [also labelled pl.12], figs.7–8) Masure, 1986, p.112. Emendation: Masure, 1986, p.112–113, as Corradinisphaeridium horridum. Holotype: Deflandre, 1937b, pl.15 (also labelled pl.12), figs.7–8; Masure, 1986, pl.1, figs.4–6 and text-fig.2. Originally Hystrichosphaeridium, subsequently
Baltisphaeridium (Appendix A), thirdly (and now) Corradinisphaeridium. Taxonomic junior synonym:
Lanternosphaeridium (as Fibrocysta?) mutinense, according to Masure (1986, p.112). Age: Senonian.
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Original description: [Deflandre, 1937b] (translated from French):
HYSTRICHOSPHÆRIDIUM HORRIDUM n. sp.
PI. XV, fig. 7, 8.
Holotype: AJ 11, flint S. 8, pebble, Paris.
The only known specimen of this new species is very distinctive, both by the structure of the body of the chamber and by its appendages.
The globose shell is divided into fields or plates separated by lighter-colored grooves meeting at obtuse angles. It appears, from the opening of these angles, that the plates thus delimited are hexagonal. It is from the center of these plates that the powerful processes spring. Some are simple, strong, sharp horns, others are broad, forked, and stiff; still others curve, widening at their distal extremity, which is divided into several sharp spines. The overall impression is one of great robustness. The shell's integument is brownish and granular. The dimensions of the individual, the unique holotype, represented here are: shell alone, 55-57 μ; with appendages, 130-136 μ. H. horridum comes from the flint pebble S. 8 (Paris), already cited many times.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emendation by Masure, 1986 (translated from French):
Note: The holotype, which is a unique specimen, comes from a flint of imprecise location and of Senonian age. Corradini encountered this morphotype in the Senonian of Italy. I observed it in the stratotypic Campanian, Archiac well, Charente-Maritime, in layers assigned to biozone -c IV based on benthic foraminifera (NEUMANN, PLATEL et al., 1983).
The emendation below is based on the optical and electron microscopy representations provided by Corradini and on an original revision of his material.
Emended diagnosis: Skolochorate dinoflagellate cyst with an ellipsoidal central body, extended at the apex and antapex by protusions surmounted by a process. Wall consisting of a closely adjacent endophragm and periphragm. Non-fibrous, solid, cylindrical to lamelliform processes, simple or branched at different levels. Length equal to or greater than half the equatorial diameter of the central body. Intratabular distribution, with one or two processes at the center of each paraplate.
Paratabulation formula of the processes: 1-2?pr, 4', 6", 5-6c, 5-6'", 0-1p, 1"", xs.
Deduced paratabulation formula: gonyaulacoid.
Precingulate archaeopyle 2P formed by the loss of the 2" and 3" paraplates (Kofoid system).
Archaeopyle formula according to Taylor-Evitt: 2P 3-4.
Free opercular parts.
Emended description: Skolochorate dinoflagellate cyst with an ellipsoidal body, elongated vertically, extended at the apex and antapex by protrusions surmounted by a process. An endophragm and an adjoining periphragm constitute the wall of the cyst with a non-fibrous, compact or microcavity structure. The surface of the cyst is smooth, perhaps perforated. The non-fibrous, cylindrical to lamelliform processes are intratabular, one or two adorning the center of the paraplates. They taper towards the distal end which is capitate. Their length is greater than the equatorial diameter of the central body. The pre-apical process is branched to lamelliform. Apical processes B and C join it at its base. Processes A and Iu may be isolated. The precingulate processes are single or double. Single processes have an oblong, vertically elongated insertion base. The bases of the double processes are circular, isolated, and superimposed. In the cingulate processes, the insertion bases are elongated along the equator. The process au is frequently highly developed. The postcingulate processes, when single, have a characteristic position: they are offset toward the antapex. The antapical process Y is branched to flabelliform.
Dimensions:
Holotype (after Deflandre):
-- height, processes included: 136 µm
-- width, processes included: 130 µm
-- central body, height: 57 µm
width: 55 µm
Corradini specimens (measurements on 320 individuals):
-- central body, height: 55(78)88 µm
width: 50(65)72 µm
-- processes: 18(32)48 µm