Valvaeodinium spongiosum ssp. spongiosum (Below, 1987) Lentin and Williams, 1989

Originally Valvaeodinium spongiosum var. spongoflabellum, subsequently (and now) Valvaeodinium spongiosum ssp. spongoflabellum.

Holotype: Below, 1987, pl.23, fig.1-5; Fensome et al., 1993, p.1351, figs.1-5
Locus typicus: Moorberg Brickworks, Sarstedt, Germany
Stratum typicum: Aalenian-Early Bajocian
Translation Below, 1987: Fensome et al., 1993, p. 1352

Original description: Below, 1987, p.76-77: Valvaeodinium spongiosum var. spongiosum
Arrangement of vesicles/plates on the dinoflagellate amphiesma PR, 4", 1a, 5", 6c, 5""", 1"""", ns; growth of plates peridinioid.
Cyst form proximate, acavate, spheroidal; size small; wall composed of thin pedium and a very thickly layered luxuria of thin fibres woven into a very dense or loose reticulum, non-areate; areation formula NR PR, NR1", NR2", 3"[arch], NR4", 1a[arch], NR", NRc, NR""", NR"""", NRs; cingulum and sulcus not marked; archeopyle apical/anterior intercalary, 3" + 1a; operculum solvate, secate, general opercular formula 3"[s] + la[s].
Size: Holotype: length 46 µm, breadth 28 µm, thickness 28 µm.