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Valvaeodinium vermicylindratum
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Valvaeodinium vermicylindratum Below, 1987b, p.79–80, pl.25, figs.1–18.
Holotype: Below, 1987b, pl.25, figs.9–12,17; Fensome et al., 1993a, figs.7–11 — p.1373.
Locus typicus: Falaise des Hachettes, E of Sainte-Honorine des Pertes, Calvados, France
Stratum typicum: Bajocian
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Translation Below, 1987: Bureau of Translation, Secretary of State Canada, 1988, Part II, p. 221-223
Original description: Below 1987, p. 79-80
Arrangeement of vesicles/plates of the dinoflagellate amphiesma PR, 4", 1a, 5"", 6c, 5""", 1"""", ns. Growth of thecal plates peridinoidal.
Cyst habit proximate, acavate, cylindrical with rounded poles, or oblong ovaloidal with rounded poles or acute apex, or ellipsoidal; size small; wall composed of firm pedium, luxuria microlanate, and with a dense or sparse coat of short, vermiculating setules, nonareate or partially to completely areate as shown by the finate or intraareate arrangement of the ornament; areation formula NR PR/PR, NR"/4R", NRa/1a, NR""/5"", NRc/Xc, NR"""/5""", NR""""/1"""", NRs/Xs; apex undifferentiated or PR as minute, planate field;
- 4 apicals: steno omegaform linteloid 1" (V), inverse-camerate 2" (LVL), VI 3" (DL), VI 4" (RVR);
- caroidal 1a (DR);
- 5 anteriorly geniculate precingulars: V-nE 1"" (VVL), V-nE 2"" (LDL), V-nE 3"" (D), V-nE 4"" (RDR), V-nE 5"" (VR)
- cingulum equatorial, helicoid leavorotatory, plane shallowly indented, lati 1c-5c, iso 6c;
- 5 posteriorly linear postcingulars: IV-nE 1""" (VL), IV-nE 2""" (LDL), IV-nE 3""" (D), IV-nE 4""" (RDR), IV-nE 5""" (VR) and
- polar VI 1"""";
- sulcus nonpartite with steno, quasi-trapezoidal as and narrow, steno, inverse-trapezoidal posterior part;
- archaeopyle apical/anterior intercalary, 3"+1a or PR+1"+2"+3"+4"+1a; operculum solvate, secate, general opercular formula 3"(s)+1a(s) or very rarely PR(s)+1"(s0+2"(s)+3"(s)+4"(s)+1a(s).
Dimensions of holotype: length 49 Ám, breadth 28 Ám, thickness 28 Ám.
Affinities:
Below, 1987, p. 80
(annotated) V. vermicylindratum is set apart from the ideally spheroidal or only slightly ovaloidal V. vermipellitum by its elongate habit, although it may have originated from the latter species, since the luxuriate structure with a lanate base mounted by setules is similar. As in V. vermipellitum, the density of the ornamentation is very variable. Similarly, the setules are diffuse, or in many cases reveal the Valvaeodinium tabulation because they are crowded along the fines and at the same time sparse in intraareate spaces.
Valvaeodinium vermicylindratum Below, 1987b, p.79–80, pl.25, figs.1–18.
Holotype: Below, 1987b, pl.25, figs.9–12,17; Fensome et al., 1993a, figs.7–11 — p.1373.
Locus typicus: Falaise des Hachettes, E of Sainte-Honorine des Pertes, Calvados, France
Stratum typicum: Bajocian
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Translation Below, 1987: Bureau of Translation, Secretary of State Canada, 1988, Part II, p. 221-223
Original description: Below 1987, p. 79-80
Arrangeement of vesicles/plates of the dinoflagellate amphiesma PR, 4", 1a, 5"", 6c, 5""", 1"""", ns. Growth of thecal plates peridinoidal.
Cyst habit proximate, acavate, cylindrical with rounded poles, or oblong ovaloidal with rounded poles or acute apex, or ellipsoidal; size small; wall composed of firm pedium, luxuria microlanate, and with a dense or sparse coat of short, vermiculating setules, nonareate or partially to completely areate as shown by the finate or intraareate arrangement of the ornament; areation formula NR PR/PR, NR"/4R", NRa/1a, NR""/5"", NRc/Xc, NR"""/5""", NR""""/1"""", NRs/Xs; apex undifferentiated or PR as minute, planate field;
- 4 apicals: steno omegaform linteloid 1" (V), inverse-camerate 2" (LVL), VI 3" (DL), VI 4" (RVR);
- caroidal 1a (DR);
- 5 anteriorly geniculate precingulars: V-nE 1"" (VVL), V-nE 2"" (LDL), V-nE 3"" (D), V-nE 4"" (RDR), V-nE 5"" (VR)
- cingulum equatorial, helicoid leavorotatory, plane shallowly indented, lati 1c-5c, iso 6c;
- 5 posteriorly linear postcingulars: IV-nE 1""" (VL), IV-nE 2""" (LDL), IV-nE 3""" (D), IV-nE 4""" (RDR), IV-nE 5""" (VR) and
- polar VI 1"""";
- sulcus nonpartite with steno, quasi-trapezoidal as and narrow, steno, inverse-trapezoidal posterior part;
- archaeopyle apical/anterior intercalary, 3"+1a or PR+1"+2"+3"+4"+1a; operculum solvate, secate, general opercular formula 3"(s)+1a(s) or very rarely PR(s)+1"(s0+2"(s)+3"(s)+4"(s)+1a(s).
Dimensions of holotype: length 49 Ám, breadth 28 Ám, thickness 28 Ám.
Affinities:
Below, 1987, p. 80
(annotated) V. vermicylindratum is set apart from the ideally spheroidal or only slightly ovaloidal V. vermipellitum by its elongate habit, although it may have originated from the latter species, since the luxuriate structure with a lanate base mounted by setules is similar. As in V. vermipellitum, the density of the ornamentation is very variable. Similarly, the setules are diffuse, or in many cases reveal the Valvaeodinium tabulation because they are crowded along the fines and at the same time sparse in intraareate spaces.