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Ctenidodinium ornatum
Ctenidodinium ornatum (Eisenack, 1935, p.176, pl.4, figs.9-10; text-figs.1-4) Deflandre, 1939a, p.181.
Originally Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata, subsequently (and now) Ctenidodinium ornatum, thirdly Gonyaulacysta ornata. Lentin and Williams (1973, p.35) retained this species in Ctenidodinium.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Brotzenia (as Ctenidodinium?; now Dichadogonyaulax) cristata, according to Woollam (1983, p.190) - however, Sarjeant (1988, p.180) retained Brotzenia (as Dichadogonyaulax) cristata.
Holotype: Eisenack, 1935, pl.4, fig.9.
Plesiotype: Deflandre, 1938, pl.9, fig.1
Paratypes: Deflandre, 1938
Locus typicus of holotype: E Prussia
Locus typicus of plesiotype: Villers-sur-Mer, Calvados, France
Age: Oxfordian.
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Ctenidodinium ornatum (Eisenack, 1935) Deflandre, 1939a. According to Woollam (1983, p.184), has parasutures marked by ornate crests, and the asymmetry of the paracingular crests is a distinctive feature of the species, the posterior crest being high, the anterior crest being faint or absent. C. combazii differs from C. ornatum in being larger, has more elaborate parasutural ornamentation and a characteristically smaller antapical plate. Anterior intercalaries have not been described in C. ornatum
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Original description: Eisenack 1935, p.175-176: Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata
Annotated description: Body mostly polyhedral and in dorsal or ventral view a slightly elongate hexagon with more or less convex sides; occasionally spherical. Hypocyst as large as or slightly higher than epicyst. Cingulum clear, but quite flat. Sulcus hardly discernible, apparently extremely flat. In equatorial section ring-shaped. Equatorial plates (pre- and postcingulars) remarkably large and vaulted trapezoid. One antapical plate, quadrate to trapezoid. Apical and antapical plates flat, the latter parallel to the equatorial plane. Sutures, with the exception of some at the apex, marked by septa, that may be developed weakly to strongly and finely to coarsely. When strongly developed, the septa indicating the cingulum are only present at the antapical side. In the specimens with weakly developed crests, the projections are distally furcate. In specimens with more strongly developed septa, these septa are either finely or coarsely dentate. These forms are described as L. jurassica var. ornata. The specimen drawn shows the following tabulation: 4ap + 5pr + ?g + 5pst + 1p + 1at. The apex is sealed by an apex-platelet. I suspect that the apical plates bordering the sulcus (1' and 2') are not always separated and form the "rhomboid plate".
Deflandre 1938, p.181-182: Ctenidodinium ornatum
Annotated description: The spherical body seems to possess a hypotheca that is more resistant than the epitheca. According to Eisenack (1935), the epitheca comprises 4 apical and 5 pre-equatorial plates. My best specimens only show that the epitheca is less simple than the hypotheca, thus corroborating Eisenacks data. The hypotheca comprises 5 postequatorial plates, an antapical plate and an intermediate plate. The hypothecae in my material were all oriented in a way that I could observe neither the small plates nor the sulcus, only a ventral part where this sulcus might be. The membrane is of variable thickness and one can distinguish individuals of varying age. Pl.9, fig.5 shows a young hypotheca, pl.9, fig.7 shows a more developed specimen.
Dimensions: holotype: total length 77 Ám, total breadth 75 Ám. Size range: total lenght 64-92 Ám, total breadth 48-70 Ám. Spines 6-12 Ám.
Comment (LPP): Eisenack, 1935, did not designate a holotype for Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata. The specimens depicted by Deflandre 1938, pl.9, fig.1-7, plesiotype and paratypes ("plesioparatypes"?) of C. ornatum, are similar to the specimen depicted in Eisenack 1935, pl.4, fig.10. The specimen considered to be the holotype of C. ornatum, depicted in Eisenack 1935, plate 4, fig.9, has a different appearance (see also Eisenacks decription of the two types of septa in Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata).
Emended diagnosis: Klement, 1960, p. 31-32: Gonyaulax ornata
Spheroidal, polyhedrical theca, divided into two unequal parts by the spiral girdle furrow (displacement about 1.5 the width of the furrow). Epitheca much smaller than hypotheca, almost semispherical; the latter in outline squat-trapezoid. Tabulation scheme 4', 6'', 6''', 1p, 1''''. Apex without protruberance. Sutures set with strong crests, ventrally partially not ornamented. Girdle furrow ornamented with broad crest only on the hypothecal delimitation; the epithecal delimitation with undifferentiated, yet strongly developed suture.
(An elaborate description is also given.)
Supplemental description: Gocht, 1970, p. 140: Ctenidodinium ornatum
(annotated) A newly observed element is the precise construction of the epitract, which, next to the 4 apical plates, contians a further 2, small inserted plates along the sagittal line: one directed ventrally, between the 4 apicals, one directed dorsally, between the apicals 2' and 3' and the precingulars 3'' and 4''.
(An elaborate description is also given.)
Originally Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata, subsequently (and now) Ctenidodinium ornatum, thirdly Gonyaulacysta ornata. Lentin and Williams (1973, p.35) retained this species in Ctenidodinium.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Brotzenia (as Ctenidodinium?; now Dichadogonyaulax) cristata, according to Woollam (1983, p.190) - however, Sarjeant (1988, p.180) retained Brotzenia (as Dichadogonyaulax) cristata.
Holotype: Eisenack, 1935, pl.4, fig.9.
Plesiotype: Deflandre, 1938, pl.9, fig.1
Paratypes: Deflandre, 1938
Locus typicus of holotype: E Prussia
Locus typicus of plesiotype: Villers-sur-Mer, Calvados, France
Age: Oxfordian.
--------------------------------------------------
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Ctenidodinium ornatum (Eisenack, 1935) Deflandre, 1939a. According to Woollam (1983, p.184), has parasutures marked by ornate crests, and the asymmetry of the paracingular crests is a distinctive feature of the species, the posterior crest being high, the anterior crest being faint or absent. C. combazii differs from C. ornatum in being larger, has more elaborate parasutural ornamentation and a characteristically smaller antapical plate. Anterior intercalaries have not been described in C. ornatum
--------------------------------------------------
Original description: Eisenack 1935, p.175-176: Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata
Annotated description: Body mostly polyhedral and in dorsal or ventral view a slightly elongate hexagon with more or less convex sides; occasionally spherical. Hypocyst as large as or slightly higher than epicyst. Cingulum clear, but quite flat. Sulcus hardly discernible, apparently extremely flat. In equatorial section ring-shaped. Equatorial plates (pre- and postcingulars) remarkably large and vaulted trapezoid. One antapical plate, quadrate to trapezoid. Apical and antapical plates flat, the latter parallel to the equatorial plane. Sutures, with the exception of some at the apex, marked by septa, that may be developed weakly to strongly and finely to coarsely. When strongly developed, the septa indicating the cingulum are only present at the antapical side. In the specimens with weakly developed crests, the projections are distally furcate. In specimens with more strongly developed septa, these septa are either finely or coarsely dentate. These forms are described as L. jurassica var. ornata. The specimen drawn shows the following tabulation: 4ap + 5pr + ?g + 5pst + 1p + 1at. The apex is sealed by an apex-platelet. I suspect that the apical plates bordering the sulcus (1' and 2') are not always separated and form the "rhomboid plate".
Deflandre 1938, p.181-182: Ctenidodinium ornatum
Annotated description: The spherical body seems to possess a hypotheca that is more resistant than the epitheca. According to Eisenack (1935), the epitheca comprises 4 apical and 5 pre-equatorial plates. My best specimens only show that the epitheca is less simple than the hypotheca, thus corroborating Eisenacks data. The hypotheca comprises 5 postequatorial plates, an antapical plate and an intermediate plate. The hypothecae in my material were all oriented in a way that I could observe neither the small plates nor the sulcus, only a ventral part where this sulcus might be. The membrane is of variable thickness and one can distinguish individuals of varying age. Pl.9, fig.5 shows a young hypotheca, pl.9, fig.7 shows a more developed specimen.
Dimensions: holotype: total length 77 Ám, total breadth 75 Ám. Size range: total lenght 64-92 Ám, total breadth 48-70 Ám. Spines 6-12 Ám.
Comment (LPP): Eisenack, 1935, did not designate a holotype for Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata. The specimens depicted by Deflandre 1938, pl.9, fig.1-7, plesiotype and paratypes ("plesioparatypes"?) of C. ornatum, are similar to the specimen depicted in Eisenack 1935, pl.4, fig.10. The specimen considered to be the holotype of C. ornatum, depicted in Eisenack 1935, plate 4, fig.9, has a different appearance (see also Eisenacks decription of the two types of septa in Lithodinia jurassica var. ornata).
Emended diagnosis: Klement, 1960, p. 31-32: Gonyaulax ornata
Spheroidal, polyhedrical theca, divided into two unequal parts by the spiral girdle furrow (displacement about 1.5 the width of the furrow). Epitheca much smaller than hypotheca, almost semispherical; the latter in outline squat-trapezoid. Tabulation scheme 4', 6'', 6''', 1p, 1''''. Apex without protruberance. Sutures set with strong crests, ventrally partially not ornamented. Girdle furrow ornamented with broad crest only on the hypothecal delimitation; the epithecal delimitation with undifferentiated, yet strongly developed suture.
(An elaborate description is also given.)
Supplemental description: Gocht, 1970, p. 140: Ctenidodinium ornatum
(annotated) A newly observed element is the precise construction of the epitract, which, next to the 4 apical plates, contians a further 2, small inserted plates along the sagittal line: one directed ventrally, between the 4 apicals, one directed dorsally, between the apicals 2' and 3' and the precingulars 3'' and 4''.
(An elaborate description is also given.)