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Caligodinium amiculum
Caligodinium amiculum, Drugg, 1970b, p.815, figs.8A–B,9A–E.
Originally (and now) Caligodinium, subsequently Kalyptea.
Tax. jr. synonym of Caligodinium aceras (Manum and Cookson, 1964) Lentin and Williams, 1973, according to Heilmann-Clausen, 1985 - however Lentin and Williams, 1989, retained Caligodinium amiculum as a separate species.
Jain and Millepied, 1975, transferred this species to Kalyptea Cookson and Eisenack, 1960 - however Lentin and Williams, 1977, retained it in Caligodinium.
Holotype: Drugg, 1970, fig.9A
Isotypes: Drugg, 1970, fig.8A-B, fig.9C-D
Locality: Clayton Formation, Wilcox County, Alabama, U.S.A.
Age: Danian
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Original description: [Drugg, 1970, p. 815]:
Description:
The wall of the ellipsoidal body is single layered, finely punctate, and about 1 to 1.5 µm in thickness. The largest plate of the operculum is rounded with one flattened side (see Fig. 9E) and bears a sulcal tongue which terminates in either a wedge shaped tip or a straight tip depending on how it breaks free from the tract. The other two plates are elongate and more or less five-sided in outline. For a schematic diagram of the three plates see Fig. 9B. Some specimens exhibit several short cracks extending downward on the tract immediately below the operculum thus suggesting rudimentary plate formation. The porous, flocculent, and generally amorphous covering of the tract may extend out to 20 µm, but this is a variable feature. It is often partially or entirely stripped away. At times the covering incorporates debris probably as a result of its porous structure.
Dimensions:
The main body ranges from 56 to 90 µm in length and from 46 to 71 µm in width.
Affinities:
Caligodinium Drugg n. gen. resembles Netrelytron Sarjeant, 1961, and Paranetrelytron Sarjeant, 1966, in that it is enclosed within a mass of amorphous organic matter. Aside from this feature there is no further close resemblance. The species Kalyptea acera Manum and Cookson, 1964, bears a generally close resemblance to Caligodinium amiculum Drugg although the outer covering of K. aceras appears to be more membranous than that of C. amiculum. The operculum of K. aceras is not described other than that it is apical. The figures, however, shown by Manum and Cookson(1964, pl. 6, figs. 9-11) suggest a similarity to the operculum of C. amiculum. All other described species of Kalyptea, including the type species, are quite distinct from C. amiculum in that they possess pronounced apical horns and some species possess antapical horns as well. The archeopyle of the genus Kalyptea has not been described other than that it is apical.
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Caligodinium amiculum Drugg, 1970b, has a finely punctate hypocyst, in Caligodinium pychnum it is externally retirugulate and in Caligodinium endoreticulum it is finely endoreticulate. Caligodinium is often surrounded by amorphous-like material (a calyptra). The archeopyle is formed by the loss of three paraplates (trioperculate). The largest of the three opercular pieces is interpreted as the posterior sulcal, the two more or less equal pieces as the first and second antapicals respectively, so the tabulation is peridinioid. Caligodinium amiculum has a single layered, finely punctate wall about 1 to 1.5 F thick.
Size: length 56-90 µm, width 46-71 µm.
Originally (and now) Caligodinium, subsequently Kalyptea.
Tax. jr. synonym of Caligodinium aceras (Manum and Cookson, 1964) Lentin and Williams, 1973, according to Heilmann-Clausen, 1985 - however Lentin and Williams, 1989, retained Caligodinium amiculum as a separate species.
Jain and Millepied, 1975, transferred this species to Kalyptea Cookson and Eisenack, 1960 - however Lentin and Williams, 1977, retained it in Caligodinium.
Holotype: Drugg, 1970, fig.9A
Isotypes: Drugg, 1970, fig.8A-B, fig.9C-D
Locality: Clayton Formation, Wilcox County, Alabama, U.S.A.
Age: Danian
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Drugg, 1970, p. 815]:
Description:
The wall of the ellipsoidal body is single layered, finely punctate, and about 1 to 1.5 µm in thickness. The largest plate of the operculum is rounded with one flattened side (see Fig. 9E) and bears a sulcal tongue which terminates in either a wedge shaped tip or a straight tip depending on how it breaks free from the tract. The other two plates are elongate and more or less five-sided in outline. For a schematic diagram of the three plates see Fig. 9B. Some specimens exhibit several short cracks extending downward on the tract immediately below the operculum thus suggesting rudimentary plate formation. The porous, flocculent, and generally amorphous covering of the tract may extend out to 20 µm, but this is a variable feature. It is often partially or entirely stripped away. At times the covering incorporates debris probably as a result of its porous structure.
Dimensions:
The main body ranges from 56 to 90 µm in length and from 46 to 71 µm in width.
Affinities:
Caligodinium Drugg n. gen. resembles Netrelytron Sarjeant, 1961, and Paranetrelytron Sarjeant, 1966, in that it is enclosed within a mass of amorphous organic matter. Aside from this feature there is no further close resemblance. The species Kalyptea acera Manum and Cookson, 1964, bears a generally close resemblance to Caligodinium amiculum Drugg although the outer covering of K. aceras appears to be more membranous than that of C. amiculum. The operculum of K. aceras is not described other than that it is apical. The figures, however, shown by Manum and Cookson(1964, pl. 6, figs. 9-11) suggest a similarity to the operculum of C. amiculum. All other described species of Kalyptea, including the type species, are quite distinct from C. amiculum in that they possess pronounced apical horns and some species possess antapical horns as well. The archeopyle of the genus Kalyptea has not been described other than that it is apical.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Caligodinium amiculum Drugg, 1970b, has a finely punctate hypocyst, in Caligodinium pychnum it is externally retirugulate and in Caligodinium endoreticulum it is finely endoreticulate. Caligodinium is often surrounded by amorphous-like material (a calyptra). The archeopyle is formed by the loss of three paraplates (trioperculate). The largest of the three opercular pieces is interpreted as the posterior sulcal, the two more or less equal pieces as the first and second antapicals respectively, so the tabulation is peridinioid. Caligodinium amiculum has a single layered, finely punctate wall about 1 to 1.5 F thick.
Size: length 56-90 µm, width 46-71 µm.