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Cannosphaeropsis utinensis
Cannosphaeropsis utinensis, O. Wetzel, 1932; emend. Eisenack, 1969; emend. May, 1980, p.45; emend. Duxbury, 1980; emend. Sarjeant, 1985; emend. Marheinecke, 1992
Sarjeant, 1985, gave the citation Cannosphaeropsis utinensis O. Wetzel, 1933, and accepted as holotype the specimen illustrated in O. Wetzel, 1933, pl.3, figs.9a-b, and so designated by O. Wetzel, 1933. Sarjeant, 1985, stated that the holotype was not present on the designated slide, so designated as lectotype the specimen illustrated in O. Wetzel, 1933, pl.3, fig.11 and Sarjeant, 1985, pl.5, figs.1-2.
Sarjeant, 1985, also designated as isotype the specimen illustrated in O. Wetzel, 1932, pl.1, fig.14 and Sarjeant, 1985, pl.4, fig.4; this specimen is in actuality the holotype, since the correct citation is Cannosphaeropsis utinensis O. Wetzel, 1932, p.140 (caption to pl.1, fig.14), pl.1, fig.14.
Holotype: O. Wetzel, 1932, pl.1, fig.14 and Sarjeant, 1985, pl.4,fig.4
Locus typicus: southern Baltic region (locality not stated)
Stratum typicum: Senonian
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Original description: [O. Wetzel 1933b, p. 54] (Translation: Norris and Sarjeant 1965, p.60):
Diagnosis:
Hystrichosphaerids with tripartite shells. A sphaerical central portion bears at two opposite polar planes of its surface two hemisphaerical to cylindrical segments. Each, or at least one of these bears a large pin- or thorn like appendage; in place of of the thorns a short point may be sited at one end. Moreover, one of the principal parts (especially the central) is customarily ornamented with a fur of bristle-hairs or spines; but the cover of the spines may become pale almost invisible. Color dark brown to light yellow.
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Emended descriptions:
Eisenack, 1969, p. 107: (Translation: Sarjeant, 1985, p. 139):
Diagnosis:
A species of the genus Triblastula with epitract and hypotract widening in cupola-like form, long apical and shorter antapical horn. Girdle weakly spiral, its boundaries marked by strong spines.
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May, 1980, p. 45:
Description:
Cyst main body ellipsoidal bearing tubular processes and trabeculae; tubular processes occur only in polar areas. Main body circular in polar view. Endophragm and periphragm thin (ca. 0.5 µm) and appressed over entire cyst. Periphragm formed into two or more branching, tubular processes at each pole, which are distally trabeculate. Trabeculae form an areal network above the central body, extending from pole to pole, forming somewhat polygonal fields, and bearing bifurcating or trifurcating, thorny gonally positioned barbs. No processes observed between polar areas. Tabulation may be reflected by polygonal fields in areal network of trabeculae; however, the tabulation scheme is difficult to determine. Archeopyle precingular (Type P).
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Duxbury, 1980, p. 114-115:
Description:
Chorate dinoflagellate cysts comprising a spheroidal to ellipsoidal central body which has a spheroidal enclosing network of solid trabeculae. An apical protuberance may be present. The trabecular network marks out a gonyaulacacean paratabulation pattern with each parasuture reflected by a single trabeculum. Gonal areas bear three short, solid, equal spines which may bifurcate distally, and trabeculae bear pairs of spines, similar to the gonal ones, set at the right angles to the trabecular axis. Both gonal and trabecular spines may be raised above the general trabecular network on short 'stalks'. Usually rare, solid processes attach the central body to some gonal areas of the enclosing network. The central body usually displays a single paraplate archeopyle, presumably precingular in position.
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Sarjeant, 1985, p. 147-148:
Description:
Spiniferate, trabeculate cysts, hercotabulate. Central body spheroidal to broadly ovoidal or rounded-subpolygonal, finely granulate but without ridges or other direct indications of paratabulation save for a slight constriction at the position of the cingulum. Spines arise in gonal positions; they branch near their distal tips in a triple junction, giving rise to single trabeculae linking them with adjacent processes. However, the processes extend a little beyond this meshwork, ramifying into a second triplet of spines with very short, bifurcate branchlets. In addition, the trabeculae may each exhibit (usually ad midpoint between processes) one pair of very short branchlets (trabecular spines) that are again bifurcate. Overall, the trabeculae form a very large- meshed net that appears to reflect the principal plates of a gonyaulacoid tabulation pattern (though the cingular paraplates are not directly represented in this meshwork). The ratio of overall cross-measurements to central body diameter is around 2:1. Archaeopyle single-plate precingular, type P; operculum free.
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Hultberg, 1985, p. 111-112:
Description:
Chorate cyst, composed of autophragm only. The surface of the autophragm is smooth. The shape of the cyst is subspherical. The ornamentation consists of processes, located at gonal positions. The processes are slender and solid, except at the process-bases, which sometimes exhibit a conical cavity. The process-tips are trifurcate, bifid. The processes are joined by a network of trabeculae, covering the whole cyst. Both the processes and the trabeculae may contain small vesicles. On some specimens, bifurcations may be present at intergonal positions along the trabeculae, without the presence of processes. Paratabulation is not completely discernible, but presumably follows the standard gonyaulacacean paratabulation formula.
The archeopyle is precingular, type P, formed by the detachment of paraplate 3". Operculum free. Paracingulum and parasulcus are not indicated.
Size: 115-150 µm (diameter).
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999
Cannosphaeropsis utinensis O.Wetzel, 1933b, emend. May, 1980, emend. Duxbury, 1980, emend. Sarjeant, 1985b, emend. Marheinecke, 1992. According to Sarjeant (1985b, p.148), the spines are gonal, have a triple branch distally, giving rise to single trabeculae linked to adjacent processes. The processes extend a little beyond this meshwork, ramifying into a second triplet of spines with very short, bifurcate branchlets. In addition, the trabeculae may each exhibit ( usually at midpoint between processes) one pair of very short branchlets that are again bifurcate.
Size: overall length 52-124 µm, overall width 76-112 µm, central body length 34-68 µm, width 28-51 µm.
Sarjeant, 1985, gave the citation Cannosphaeropsis utinensis O. Wetzel, 1933, and accepted as holotype the specimen illustrated in O. Wetzel, 1933, pl.3, figs.9a-b, and so designated by O. Wetzel, 1933. Sarjeant, 1985, stated that the holotype was not present on the designated slide, so designated as lectotype the specimen illustrated in O. Wetzel, 1933, pl.3, fig.11 and Sarjeant, 1985, pl.5, figs.1-2.
Sarjeant, 1985, also designated as isotype the specimen illustrated in O. Wetzel, 1932, pl.1, fig.14 and Sarjeant, 1985, pl.4, fig.4; this specimen is in actuality the holotype, since the correct citation is Cannosphaeropsis utinensis O. Wetzel, 1932, p.140 (caption to pl.1, fig.14), pl.1, fig.14.
Holotype: O. Wetzel, 1932, pl.1, fig.14 and Sarjeant, 1985, pl.4,fig.4
Locus typicus: southern Baltic region (locality not stated)
Stratum typicum: Senonian
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [O. Wetzel 1933b, p. 54] (Translation: Norris and Sarjeant 1965, p.60):
Diagnosis:
Hystrichosphaerids with tripartite shells. A sphaerical central portion bears at two opposite polar planes of its surface two hemisphaerical to cylindrical segments. Each, or at least one of these bears a large pin- or thorn like appendage; in place of of the thorns a short point may be sited at one end. Moreover, one of the principal parts (especially the central) is customarily ornamented with a fur of bristle-hairs or spines; but the cover of the spines may become pale almost invisible. Color dark brown to light yellow.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended descriptions:
Eisenack, 1969, p. 107: (Translation: Sarjeant, 1985, p. 139):
Diagnosis:
A species of the genus Triblastula with epitract and hypotract widening in cupola-like form, long apical and shorter antapical horn. Girdle weakly spiral, its boundaries marked by strong spines.
----------------------------------------------
May, 1980, p. 45:
Description:
Cyst main body ellipsoidal bearing tubular processes and trabeculae; tubular processes occur only in polar areas. Main body circular in polar view. Endophragm and periphragm thin (ca. 0.5 µm) and appressed over entire cyst. Periphragm formed into two or more branching, tubular processes at each pole, which are distally trabeculate. Trabeculae form an areal network above the central body, extending from pole to pole, forming somewhat polygonal fields, and bearing bifurcating or trifurcating, thorny gonally positioned barbs. No processes observed between polar areas. Tabulation may be reflected by polygonal fields in areal network of trabeculae; however, the tabulation scheme is difficult to determine. Archeopyle precingular (Type P).
----------------------------------------------
Duxbury, 1980, p. 114-115:
Description:
Chorate dinoflagellate cysts comprising a spheroidal to ellipsoidal central body which has a spheroidal enclosing network of solid trabeculae. An apical protuberance may be present. The trabecular network marks out a gonyaulacacean paratabulation pattern with each parasuture reflected by a single trabeculum. Gonal areas bear three short, solid, equal spines which may bifurcate distally, and trabeculae bear pairs of spines, similar to the gonal ones, set at the right angles to the trabecular axis. Both gonal and trabecular spines may be raised above the general trabecular network on short 'stalks'. Usually rare, solid processes attach the central body to some gonal areas of the enclosing network. The central body usually displays a single paraplate archeopyle, presumably precingular in position.
----------------------------------------------
Sarjeant, 1985, p. 147-148:
Description:
Spiniferate, trabeculate cysts, hercotabulate. Central body spheroidal to broadly ovoidal or rounded-subpolygonal, finely granulate but without ridges or other direct indications of paratabulation save for a slight constriction at the position of the cingulum. Spines arise in gonal positions; they branch near their distal tips in a triple junction, giving rise to single trabeculae linking them with adjacent processes. However, the processes extend a little beyond this meshwork, ramifying into a second triplet of spines with very short, bifurcate branchlets. In addition, the trabeculae may each exhibit (usually ad midpoint between processes) one pair of very short branchlets (trabecular spines) that are again bifurcate. Overall, the trabeculae form a very large- meshed net that appears to reflect the principal plates of a gonyaulacoid tabulation pattern (though the cingular paraplates are not directly represented in this meshwork). The ratio of overall cross-measurements to central body diameter is around 2:1. Archaeopyle single-plate precingular, type P; operculum free.
----------------------------------------------
Hultberg, 1985, p. 111-112:
Description:
Chorate cyst, composed of autophragm only. The surface of the autophragm is smooth. The shape of the cyst is subspherical. The ornamentation consists of processes, located at gonal positions. The processes are slender and solid, except at the process-bases, which sometimes exhibit a conical cavity. The process-tips are trifurcate, bifid. The processes are joined by a network of trabeculae, covering the whole cyst. Both the processes and the trabeculae may contain small vesicles. On some specimens, bifurcations may be present at intergonal positions along the trabeculae, without the presence of processes. Paratabulation is not completely discernible, but presumably follows the standard gonyaulacacean paratabulation formula.
The archeopyle is precingular, type P, formed by the detachment of paraplate 3". Operculum free. Paracingulum and parasulcus are not indicated.
Size: 115-150 µm (diameter).
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999
Cannosphaeropsis utinensis O.Wetzel, 1933b, emend. May, 1980, emend. Duxbury, 1980, emend. Sarjeant, 1985b, emend. Marheinecke, 1992. According to Sarjeant (1985b, p.148), the spines are gonal, have a triple branch distally, giving rise to single trabeculae linked to adjacent processes. The processes extend a little beyond this meshwork, ramifying into a second triplet of spines with very short, bifurcate branchlets. In addition, the trabeculae may each exhibit ( usually at midpoint between processes) one pair of very short branchlets that are again bifurcate.
Size: overall length 52-124 µm, overall width 76-112 µm, central body length 34-68 µm, width 28-51 µm.