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Compositosphaeridium polonicum
Compositosphaeridium polonicum, (Gorka, 1965); Emend. Erkmen and Sarjeant, 1980; emend. Courtinat, 1989
Tax. sr. synonym of Compositosphaeridium costatum (Davey and Williams, 1966) Dodekova, 1974, according to Beju, 1971, Erkmen and Sarjeant, 1980, and Courtinat, 1989.
Compositosphaeridium polonicum is the correct name for the type species of Compositosphaeridium, but the nomenclatural type of the species remains the holotype of Compositosphaeridium costatum.
Tax. sr. synonym of Compositosphaeridium bulgaricum Erkmen and Sarjeant, 1980, according to Dodekova, 1990. Stancliffe and Sarjeant, 1990, retained Compositosphaeridium bulgaricum as a separate species. Stancliffe and Sarjeant (1990, p.203) rejected the emendation of this species by Courtinat (1989, p.164), preferring to retain the emendation of Erkmen and Sarjeant (1980, p.68).
Holotype: Gorka, 1965, pl.3, fig.5
Locus typicus: Borehole at Magnuszew, Poland
Stratum typicum: Oxfordian
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Original description as Hystrichosphaeridium polonicum: [Gorka 1965, p. 306]: (Translation: LPP):
Description:
spherical body carrying approximately 18-20 tubed processes, widened at the base, narrowed in the middle, with distally opened calyx-shaped, finely dentate extremities. These processes show a fibrous structure that is also observed on the surface of the body. At the bases of the processes, the fibres radiate onto the body. On the same specimen different processes are generally observed, that are distally enlarged, or finely dentate with badly discernible incisions. The surface of the body is locally fibrous and finely perforate.
Dimensions:
body diameter without processes: 20,88 µm (1st sample), 31,32 µm (2nd), 34,18 µm (3rd); process length: 17,40 µm (1st), 15,66 - 19,24 µm (2nd), 13,92 - 15,66 - 17,40 µm (3rd).
Affinities: (p.306 - 307):
Hystrichosphaeridium polonicum differs from H. inodes Klumpp in the possession of thin processes. Specimens of H. polonicum are always smaller than those of H. inodes. H. polonicum resembles H. inodes gracilis Eisenack in its fibrous body and processes, but differs from it in in the presence of its more slender processes that flare distally or bi- or trifurcate and than divide again. H. polonicum resembles H. eoinodes Eisenack, but the latter's fibrous processes are distally extremely dentate or flared. It resembles H. truncigerum Deflandre in the same two types thin and large fibrous processes that are distally open and dentate. It also resembles H. stellatum Maier in the fibrous nature of the two types of processes and body, but differs from it in that the processes of H. stellatum are distally more flared, and that the larger processes of H. stellatum form a triangle at their bases. The small processes are partly pointed and partly branched at the extremities.
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Emended description:
Erkmen and Sarjeant, 1980, p. 68 (as Compositosphaeridium polonicum):
Description:
Cyst spheroidal to broadly ovoidal, with polygonal intratabular processes of moderate size, strengthened by thickenings at the angles, and more slender processes corresponding in position to cingulum and sulcus.
Paratabulation ?4', a, 6'', 6c, 5''', 1p, 1''''.
Intratabular processes consist of monotubes or (typically) polytubes with 2-4 components, rarely more. They are broad based and flare to their tips; the tips are aculeate, the spines generally corresponding in position to the thickenings of the tube walls. Cingular processes consist either of monotubes more slender than the intratabular processes but with similarly aculeate tips, or of closed spines with furcate tips; the sulcal processes (where present) are slender spines with furcate tips. Low ridges on the periphragm surface outline a paratabulation and may surround or may link the process bases; higher crests are not developed and trabeculae are lacking.
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Courtinat, 1989, p. 164: (Translation: LPP):
Diagnosis:
Characters identical to those of the genus. Autophragm smooth with tubiform processes defining a paratabulation formula, following the Kofoid notation:1pr, 4', 1a, 6'', 5''', 1pv, 1''', ?2s; following the Taylor-Evitt notation: P, A-C, K, 1i-6, au-fi, II-V, X and Y. Archaeopyle type (A(1'-4), I(1a))/(A(A-C, 1u)I(K)).
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Supplemental description:
Stancliffe and Sarjeant, 1990, p. 203:
Description and remark:
The emendation of the genus by Courtinat (1989, p. 164) is here rejected and that by Erkmen and Sarjeant (1980) instead retained. This species has relatively short intratabular processes, not linked by crests or trabeculae: the polytubes consist of fewer than four subtubes. These features differentiate it from C. bulgaricum (Erkmen and Sarjeant 1980, p. 67). though intermediate forms with long intratabular processes have been recorded by Gorka (1970, p. 48 49).
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Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Compositosphaeridium polonicum (Górka, 1965) Lentin and Williams, 1981, emend. Erkman and Sarjeant, 1981, emend. Courtinat, 1989. This species has relatively short intratabular processes, not linked by crests or trabeculae; the polytubes consist of fewer than four subtubes. These features differentiate the species from C. bulgaricum though intermediate forms with long intratabular processes have been recorded by Górka (1970, p.48-49).
Tax. sr. synonym of Compositosphaeridium costatum (Davey and Williams, 1966) Dodekova, 1974, according to Beju, 1971, Erkmen and Sarjeant, 1980, and Courtinat, 1989.
Compositosphaeridium polonicum is the correct name for the type species of Compositosphaeridium, but the nomenclatural type of the species remains the holotype of Compositosphaeridium costatum.
Tax. sr. synonym of Compositosphaeridium bulgaricum Erkmen and Sarjeant, 1980, according to Dodekova, 1990. Stancliffe and Sarjeant, 1990, retained Compositosphaeridium bulgaricum as a separate species. Stancliffe and Sarjeant (1990, p.203) rejected the emendation of this species by Courtinat (1989, p.164), preferring to retain the emendation of Erkmen and Sarjeant (1980, p.68).
Holotype: Gorka, 1965, pl.3, fig.5
Locus typicus: Borehole at Magnuszew, Poland
Stratum typicum: Oxfordian
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Original description as Hystrichosphaeridium polonicum: [Gorka 1965, p. 306]: (Translation: LPP):
Description:
spherical body carrying approximately 18-20 tubed processes, widened at the base, narrowed in the middle, with distally opened calyx-shaped, finely dentate extremities. These processes show a fibrous structure that is also observed on the surface of the body. At the bases of the processes, the fibres radiate onto the body. On the same specimen different processes are generally observed, that are distally enlarged, or finely dentate with badly discernible incisions. The surface of the body is locally fibrous and finely perforate.
Dimensions:
body diameter without processes: 20,88 µm (1st sample), 31,32 µm (2nd), 34,18 µm (3rd); process length: 17,40 µm (1st), 15,66 - 19,24 µm (2nd), 13,92 - 15,66 - 17,40 µm (3rd).
Affinities: (p.306 - 307):
Hystrichosphaeridium polonicum differs from H. inodes Klumpp in the possession of thin processes. Specimens of H. polonicum are always smaller than those of H. inodes. H. polonicum resembles H. inodes gracilis Eisenack in its fibrous body and processes, but differs from it in in the presence of its more slender processes that flare distally or bi- or trifurcate and than divide again. H. polonicum resembles H. eoinodes Eisenack, but the latter's fibrous processes are distally extremely dentate or flared. It resembles H. truncigerum Deflandre in the same two types thin and large fibrous processes that are distally open and dentate. It also resembles H. stellatum Maier in the fibrous nature of the two types of processes and body, but differs from it in that the processes of H. stellatum are distally more flared, and that the larger processes of H. stellatum form a triangle at their bases. The small processes are partly pointed and partly branched at the extremities.
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Emended description:
Erkmen and Sarjeant, 1980, p. 68 (as Compositosphaeridium polonicum):
Description:
Cyst spheroidal to broadly ovoidal, with polygonal intratabular processes of moderate size, strengthened by thickenings at the angles, and more slender processes corresponding in position to cingulum and sulcus.
Paratabulation ?4', a, 6'', 6c, 5''', 1p, 1''''.
Intratabular processes consist of monotubes or (typically) polytubes with 2-4 components, rarely more. They are broad based and flare to their tips; the tips are aculeate, the spines generally corresponding in position to the thickenings of the tube walls. Cingular processes consist either of monotubes more slender than the intratabular processes but with similarly aculeate tips, or of closed spines with furcate tips; the sulcal processes (where present) are slender spines with furcate tips. Low ridges on the periphragm surface outline a paratabulation and may surround or may link the process bases; higher crests are not developed and trabeculae are lacking.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Courtinat, 1989, p. 164: (Translation: LPP):
Diagnosis:
Characters identical to those of the genus. Autophragm smooth with tubiform processes defining a paratabulation formula, following the Kofoid notation:1pr, 4', 1a, 6'', 5''', 1pv, 1''', ?2s; following the Taylor-Evitt notation: P, A-C, K, 1i-6, au-fi, II-V, X and Y. Archaeopyle type (A(1'-4), I(1a))/(A(A-C, 1u)I(K)).
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Supplemental description:
Stancliffe and Sarjeant, 1990, p. 203:
Description and remark:
The emendation of the genus by Courtinat (1989, p. 164) is here rejected and that by Erkmen and Sarjeant (1980) instead retained. This species has relatively short intratabular processes, not linked by crests or trabeculae: the polytubes consist of fewer than four subtubes. These features differentiate it from C. bulgaricum (Erkmen and Sarjeant 1980, p. 67). though intermediate forms with long intratabular processes have been recorded by Gorka (1970, p. 48 49).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Compositosphaeridium polonicum (Górka, 1965) Lentin and Williams, 1981, emend. Erkman and Sarjeant, 1981, emend. Courtinat, 1989. This species has relatively short intratabular processes, not linked by crests or trabeculae; the polytubes consist of fewer than four subtubes. These features differentiate the species from C. bulgaricum though intermediate forms with long intratabular processes have been recorded by Górka (1970, p.48-49).