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Druggidium deflandrei
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Druggidium deflandrei (Millioud, 1969, p.429–430, pl.2, figs.5–7) Habib, 1973, p.52. Emendations: Habib, 1973, p.52, as Druggidium deflandrei; Below, 1987b, p.58–59, as Raphidodinium deflandrei. Holotype: Millioud, 1969, pl.2, figs.5–6. Originally Microdinium, subsequently (and now) Druggidium, thirdly Raphidodinium. Lentin and Williams (1989, p.122) retained this species in Druggidium. Age: Barremian Locus typicus: Angles, SE France
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Original diagnosis: Millioud 1969, p. 429: Microdinium deflandrei
A Microdinium having a rounded epitract and a somewhat rectangular hypotract. Epitract considerably smaller than hypotract; cingulum broad, weakly helicoidal. Tabulation only weakly indicated, but probably similar to that of Microdinium ornatum; sutures low, probably perforate. Wall finer vacuolar and sometimes scabrate. Archeopyle apical, open in some specimens.
Dimensions: Range: Length: 31-41 µm; Width: 20-27 µm; Length/width ratio: 1.25-1.72; width of cingulum: 3.5-5 µm.
Additions: M.deflandrei is characterised by a very small epitract (in comparison with the hypotract). The antapex is flattened, giving to the hypotract a rounded rectangular outline. The cingulum is broad, sligthly displaced. The very faint tabulation is probably similar to that described by Cookson and Eisenack for Microdinium ornatum. M.deflandrei has low crests (less than 1Ám), often showing a row of perforations; its wall seems sometimes vacuolar, sometimes cabrate.
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Emended description Habib, 1973
Emended Dercription: Small proximate dinoflagellate cysts with shape as for genus. Average C.I. is 27; range from 25 to 31. Average W.L.R. is 0.65; range from 0.62 to 0.66. Tabulation, archeopyle, and operrulum as for the genus. Septa low and straight, or gently sinuous; not crenulate. Tract surface alveolate; alveolae commonly resticted to zones near plate boundaries but may extend over general plate areas; largest lumina concentrated near plate boundaries. The opercular pieces are adherent at the cingulum in approximately 85 percent of the examples. Forty measured specimens range in maximum diameter from 33 to 41 microns.
Discussion: The cyst tabulation of Druggidium deflandrei (Millioud) is partially concealed by alveolare texture (Pl. 3, fig. 4). However, it can be determined completely in a number of specimens to be that described for the genus.
D. deflandrei is emended to include information of its tabulation and archeopyle. In all other respects, it agrees with the size, tract texture, cingulum index, and width-length ratio described and illustrated by Millioud (1969). Millioud's specimens display weak tabulation. Illustration of the holotype, e.g., his Plate 2, figure 6, shows the cyst tabulation, although incomplete, to agree with that for Druggidium. The position and nature of the archeopyle warrant its transfer from Microdinium. The position of the archeopyle in this species could be easily mistaken as apical, because of the difficulty of discerning the apical series (Habib, 1972).
At Site 105 D, deflandrei ranges from cores 23 to 16 (Berriasian-Valanginia–Aptian-Albian). It is most abundant in cores 20 and 18 (Text-fig. 2).
Comparison: D. dejlandrei is distinguished from D.apicopaucicum by the presence of alveolate tract texture and lack of crenulated septa. It was first reported from the Barremian stratotype section by Millioud, 1969.
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Emended description: Below, 1987, p. 58: Raphidodinium deflandrei
Vesicle/plate arrangement on amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 4', 4a, 7'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM subdivided into very small platelets, ls, rs, ps; pentagonal 1'''' and hexagonal 2'''' partiform; omegaform ps very large; adelopore on suture 1'/4'. Cyst proximate, acavate, polyhedral, epicyst tholiform to biconical, hypocyst twice as long, steeply tentoriate, prismatic, circular to oval in equatorial section or equatorially circular but lenticular towards the antapex; size small; wall composed of thin pedium and firm, alveolate, spongy luxuria fused distally into a scabrate, shagreenate tegillum which is perforated infrequently by pores reflecting trichocyst pores; tegillum upfolded into low, distally denticulate, rigid septa along the fines, septa inclined towards the areae homologous to overlapped plates, intercalary striae reflected on the level flanks of the septa as transverse striae; paratabulation XPR, NR'/X', NRa/4a, 7'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM, Xls, Xrs, ps; PR a small apical peg, minute apical areae undifferentiated; 4 very small anterior intercalaries, caroidal 1a (DL), fatigiate 2a (D), deltaform inverse-camerate 3a (DR), V 4a (RVR); 7 precingulars, anteriorly geniculate steno V-nE 1'' (VVL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 2'' (L), V-nE 3'' (DDL), V-nE 4'' (DDR), V-nE 5'' (R) and V-nE 6'' (VR), small anteriorly geniculate steno V-nE 7'' (VVR), finis 3''/4'' dorsal; cingulum helicoid levo-rotatory, lightly indented, heptapartite, lati 1c-5c, iso 6c, fastigiate 7c; 6 postcingulars, posteriorly linear V-nE 1''' (VVL) and IV-nE 2''' (VL), posteriorly geniculate V-nE 3''' (DL), posteriorly linear IV-nE 4''' (DDR), IV-nE 5''' (R) and V-nE 6''' (VR); 2 antapicals partiform, V 1'''' (VL), VI 2'''' (R); sulcus lightly indented on the hypocyst, paratabulation rudimentary, steno as, oval FM subdivided into very small areae, very small ls and rs, large omegaform ps; archaeopyle precingular, 3''+4''; operculum solvate, secate, general opercular formula 3''(s)+4''(s).
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Druggidium deflandrei (Millioud, 1969) Habib, 1973, emend. Habib, 1973, emend. Below, 1987b, has a rounded epitract and a somewhat rectangular hypotract. Epitract considerably smaller than hypotract. Cingulum broad, weakly helicoidal. Tabulation only weakly indicated, probably similar to Microdinium ornatum. Sutures low, probably perforate. Wall finely vacuolar and sometimes scabrate. According to Habib (1973), the WLR is o.65 and varies from 0.62 to 0.66. Septa are low and straight. Tract surface alveolate.Alveolae commonly restricted to zones near plate boundaries. Archeopyle 2P. The opercular pieces are adherent at the cingulum in about 85% of the specimens. Size: length 31-41 µm, width 20-27 µm, width of cingulum 3./5-5 µm.
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Druggidium deflandrei (Millioud, 1969, p.429–430, pl.2, figs.5–7) Habib, 1973, p.52. Emendations: Habib, 1973, p.52, as Druggidium deflandrei; Below, 1987b, p.58–59, as Raphidodinium deflandrei. Holotype: Millioud, 1969, pl.2, figs.5–6. Originally Microdinium, subsequently (and now) Druggidium, thirdly Raphidodinium. Lentin and Williams (1989, p.122) retained this species in Druggidium. Age: Barremian Locus typicus: Angles, SE France
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Original diagnosis: Millioud 1969, p. 429: Microdinium deflandrei
A Microdinium having a rounded epitract and a somewhat rectangular hypotract. Epitract considerably smaller than hypotract; cingulum broad, weakly helicoidal. Tabulation only weakly indicated, but probably similar to that of Microdinium ornatum; sutures low, probably perforate. Wall finer vacuolar and sometimes scabrate. Archeopyle apical, open in some specimens.
Dimensions: Range: Length: 31-41 µm; Width: 20-27 µm; Length/width ratio: 1.25-1.72; width of cingulum: 3.5-5 µm.
Additions: M.deflandrei is characterised by a very small epitract (in comparison with the hypotract). The antapex is flattened, giving to the hypotract a rounded rectangular outline. The cingulum is broad, sligthly displaced. The very faint tabulation is probably similar to that described by Cookson and Eisenack for Microdinium ornatum. M.deflandrei has low crests (less than 1Ám), often showing a row of perforations; its wall seems sometimes vacuolar, sometimes cabrate.
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Emended description Habib, 1973
Emended Dercription: Small proximate dinoflagellate cysts with shape as for genus. Average C.I. is 27; range from 25 to 31. Average W.L.R. is 0.65; range from 0.62 to 0.66. Tabulation, archeopyle, and operrulum as for the genus. Septa low and straight, or gently sinuous; not crenulate. Tract surface alveolate; alveolae commonly resticted to zones near plate boundaries but may extend over general plate areas; largest lumina concentrated near plate boundaries. The opercular pieces are adherent at the cingulum in approximately 85 percent of the examples. Forty measured specimens range in maximum diameter from 33 to 41 microns.
Discussion: The cyst tabulation of Druggidium deflandrei (Millioud) is partially concealed by alveolare texture (Pl. 3, fig. 4). However, it can be determined completely in a number of specimens to be that described for the genus.
D. deflandrei is emended to include information of its tabulation and archeopyle. In all other respects, it agrees with the size, tract texture, cingulum index, and width-length ratio described and illustrated by Millioud (1969). Millioud's specimens display weak tabulation. Illustration of the holotype, e.g., his Plate 2, figure 6, shows the cyst tabulation, although incomplete, to agree with that for Druggidium. The position and nature of the archeopyle warrant its transfer from Microdinium. The position of the archeopyle in this species could be easily mistaken as apical, because of the difficulty of discerning the apical series (Habib, 1972).
At Site 105 D, deflandrei ranges from cores 23 to 16 (Berriasian-Valanginia–Aptian-Albian). It is most abundant in cores 20 and 18 (Text-fig. 2).
Comparison: D. dejlandrei is distinguished from D.apicopaucicum by the presence of alveolate tract texture and lack of crenulated septa. It was first reported from the Barremian stratotype section by Millioud, 1969.
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Emended description: Below, 1987, p. 58: Raphidodinium deflandrei
Vesicle/plate arrangement on amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 4', 4a, 7'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM subdivided into very small platelets, ls, rs, ps; pentagonal 1'''' and hexagonal 2'''' partiform; omegaform ps very large; adelopore on suture 1'/4'. Cyst proximate, acavate, polyhedral, epicyst tholiform to biconical, hypocyst twice as long, steeply tentoriate, prismatic, circular to oval in equatorial section or equatorially circular but lenticular towards the antapex; size small; wall composed of thin pedium and firm, alveolate, spongy luxuria fused distally into a scabrate, shagreenate tegillum which is perforated infrequently by pores reflecting trichocyst pores; tegillum upfolded into low, distally denticulate, rigid septa along the fines, septa inclined towards the areae homologous to overlapped plates, intercalary striae reflected on the level flanks of the septa as transverse striae; paratabulation XPR, NR'/X', NRa/4a, 7'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM, Xls, Xrs, ps; PR a small apical peg, minute apical areae undifferentiated; 4 very small anterior intercalaries, caroidal 1a (DL), fatigiate 2a (D), deltaform inverse-camerate 3a (DR), V 4a (RVR); 7 precingulars, anteriorly geniculate steno V-nE 1'' (VVL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 2'' (L), V-nE 3'' (DDL), V-nE 4'' (DDR), V-nE 5'' (R) and V-nE 6'' (VR), small anteriorly geniculate steno V-nE 7'' (VVR), finis 3''/4'' dorsal; cingulum helicoid levo-rotatory, lightly indented, heptapartite, lati 1c-5c, iso 6c, fastigiate 7c; 6 postcingulars, posteriorly linear V-nE 1''' (VVL) and IV-nE 2''' (VL), posteriorly geniculate V-nE 3''' (DL), posteriorly linear IV-nE 4''' (DDR), IV-nE 5''' (R) and V-nE 6''' (VR); 2 antapicals partiform, V 1'''' (VL), VI 2'''' (R); sulcus lightly indented on the hypocyst, paratabulation rudimentary, steno as, oval FM subdivided into very small areae, very small ls and rs, large omegaform ps; archaeopyle precingular, 3''+4''; operculum solvate, secate, general opercular formula 3''(s)+4''(s).
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Druggidium deflandrei (Millioud, 1969) Habib, 1973, emend. Habib, 1973, emend. Below, 1987b, has a rounded epitract and a somewhat rectangular hypotract. Epitract considerably smaller than hypotract. Cingulum broad, weakly helicoidal. Tabulation only weakly indicated, probably similar to Microdinium ornatum. Sutures low, probably perforate. Wall finely vacuolar and sometimes scabrate. According to Habib (1973), the WLR is o.65 and varies from 0.62 to 0.66. Septa are low and straight. Tract surface alveolate.Alveolae commonly restricted to zones near plate boundaries. Archeopyle 2P. The opercular pieces are adherent at the cingulum in about 85% of the specimens. Size: length 31-41 µm, width 20-27 µm, width of cingulum 3./5-5 µm.
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