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Prolixosphaeridium nanus
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Prolixosphaeridium ?nanus (Wetzel, 1933b, p.43, pl.4, fig.23; text-fig.13 ex Lentin and Williams, 1985, p.322) Sarjeant, 1985b, p.145. Emendation: Sarjeant, 1985b, p.145, as Prolixosphaeridium nanus. Holotype: Wetzel, 1933b, pl.4, fig.23; Sarjeant, 1985b, pl.2, figs.6–7. Originally Hystrichosphaera pilosa forma nanus (name not validly published), subsequently Sentusidinium pilosum? subsp. nanus, thirdly Prolixosphaeridium nanus, fourthly (and now) Prolixosphaeridium? nanus. Questionable assignment: Fauconnier and Monteil in Fauconnier and Masure (2004, p.462–463). The name Hystrichosphaera pilosa forma nanus was not validly published in Wetzel (1933b) since the species combination Hystrichosphaera pilosa was not validly published. NIA. Age: Late Cretaceous.
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Original description [Wetzel, 1933b] (translated from German):
Hystrichosphaera cf. pilosa EHRBG. sp., forma nana n.f.
Plate IV Fig. 23 and text fig. 13.
Cf.? 1843. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Monatb. ex. d. Negotiation d. Berlin. Acad. d. Wiss., pp. 61-63. ?
1854. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Microgeology, Plate 37 No. 8 Fig. 4.
? 1904. Ovum hispidum (Xanthidium) pilosum (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Wiss. Result d. Plankton Exp., Vol. 4, N, pp. 21-25.
? 1854. Ovulum hispidum? EHRENBERG, Microgeology, Plate 18, Fig. 124.
? 1904. Ovulum hispidum? (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Scientific Proceedings of Planktonic Experiments, Vol. 4, N, p. 25.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum cf. hirsutum EHRBG. EISENACK, Paleozoic Journal, Vol. 13, p. 111 and Plate 5, Fig. 19.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum brevispinosum EISENACK, Paleozoic Journal, Vol. 13, p. 111 and Plate 5, Figs. 3-5.
Diagnosis: Shell very small, round to oval. Processes mostly short, simple. Color light yellowish-brown. These spiny shells differ not in size and strength of spination significantly from Ehrenberg's and Eisenack's pilose, hirsute and spinose fossils and are likely to represent even less than those comparable species true eggshells. Whether the specimen marked with a question mark, "Ovulum hispidum" EHRBG., belongs to this group of organisms is still uncertain, even according to Eisenack, although it is closest in size to my dwarf fossils. Sometimes our microfossils exhibit the habit of ciliates (Fig. 13).
Dimensions: Shell diameter, e.g., 20:12, 16:16, 16:12, 12:7, 8:6 (in μm); length of the appendages 10–20 μm, occasionally only 2 μm (?). Shell diameter in Xanthidium pilosum EHRBG. (1854) is 53 or 37 μm, appendages 6–10 μm long. In "Ovulum hispidum? EHRBG." (1854), the dimensions are 30 and 3–4 μm. Individual specimens (approx. 12) found in glacial erratic flint; the first time fossilized? Pl. IV Fig. 23 from Prep. 626 and Textfig. 13 from Prep. D 46 of glacial erratic flint.
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Original description [Wetzel, 1933b] in German:
Hystrichosphaera cf. pilosa EHRBG. sp., forma nana n. f.
Taf. IV Fig. 23 u. Textfig. 13.
Vgl. ? 1843. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Monatsb. üb. d. Verhdlgn. d. Berlin. Akad. d. Wiss., S. 61-63. ?
1854. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Mikrogeologie, Taf. 37 Nr. 8 Fig. 4.
? 1904. Ovum hispidum (Xanthidium) pilosum (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Wiss. Ergb. d. Plankton-Exp., Bd. 4, N, S. 21-25.
? 1854. Ovulum hispidum? EHRENBERG, Mikrogeologie, Taf. 18 Fig. 124.
? 1904. Ovulum hispidum? (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Wiss. Ergb. d. Plankt.-Exp., Bd. 4, N, S. 25.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum cf. hirsutum EHRBG. EISENACK, Pal. Ztschr., Bd. 13, S. 111 u. Taf. 5 Fig. 19.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum brevispinosum EISENACK, Pal. Ztschr., Bd. 13, S. 111 u. Taf. 5 Fig. 3-5.
Diagnose: Schale sehr klein, rund bis oval. Fortsätze meistens nur kurz, einfach. Farbe hellgelbbraun. Diese Stachelhüllen unterscheiden sich in der Körpergröße und Stärke der Bestachelung nicht un- wesentlich von EHRENBERG'S und EISENACK'S pilosen, hirsuten und spinosen Fossilien und dürften selbst noch weniger als jene Vergleichsarten echte Eihüllen darstellen. Ob das mit einem Fragezeichen versehene ,,Ovulum hispidum" EHRBG. in diese Organismengruppe gehört, steht auch nach EISENACK nicht fest, ob- gleich es meinen Zwergfossilien in der Größe am nächsten steht. - Manchmal zeigen unsre Mikrofossilien die Tracht von Wimperlingen (Textfig. 13).
Maße: Hüllendurchmesser z. B. 20: 12, 16: 16, 16: 12, 12: 7, 8: 6 (in μ); Länge der Fortsätze 10-20 μ, gelegentlich nur 2 μ (?). -Schalendurchmesser bei Xanthidium pilosum EHRBG. (1854) 53 bzw. 37 μ, Forts. 6-10 lang. Bei,,Ovulum hispidum? EHRBG." (1854) sind die Maße 30 und 3-4 μ. Einzelne Exemplare (ca. 12) in Geschiebefeuersteinen gefunden; zum erstenmal fossil? Taf. IV Fig. 23 aus Präp. 626 und Textfig. 13 aus Präp. D 46 von Geschiebefeuersteinen.
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Prolixosphaeridium? cf. nanum (O. Wetzel, 1933) Sarjeant, 1985
Figured in Schioler et al.: Plate IV, 4
Description: Schioler et al. 1997, p. 87, 89
Small oval microgranulate phragm covered with 30-50 mainly solid and flexible simple processes.
Dimensions (in µm, 5 specimens measured): length, 30 (34) 38; width, 15 (19) 21; length of processes, 5-12.
Discussion: This taxon resembles P. nanum in general shape and in size, but differs in having mainly solid processes. It closely resembles specimens assigned to Prolixosphaeridium cf. nanum by Marheinecke (1992) and specimens assigned to Micrhystrium piliferum by Harker et al. (1990). These and the present taxon may be identical. An archeopyle was not identified with certainty. It is with some hesitation that the taxon is attributed to Dinophyceae; alternatively it may be an acritarch.
Stratigraphic occurrence: The taxon is common below the Nivelle Horizon and extremely rare to absent above, and may thus be of stratigraphic importance in differentiating the Lixhe members from the overlying stratigraphic section. The similar taxon Prolixosphaeridium cf. nanum has a sharp decrease in abundance in the middle part of the argentaljunior Zone in the Hemmoor Quarry (at 47 m), according to Marheinecke (1992).
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Prolixosphaeridium ?nanus (Wetzel, 1933b, p.43, pl.4, fig.23; text-fig.13 ex Lentin and Williams, 1985, p.322) Sarjeant, 1985b, p.145. Emendation: Sarjeant, 1985b, p.145, as Prolixosphaeridium nanus. Holotype: Wetzel, 1933b, pl.4, fig.23; Sarjeant, 1985b, pl.2, figs.6–7. Originally Hystrichosphaera pilosa forma nanus (name not validly published), subsequently Sentusidinium pilosum? subsp. nanus, thirdly Prolixosphaeridium nanus, fourthly (and now) Prolixosphaeridium? nanus. Questionable assignment: Fauconnier and Monteil in Fauconnier and Masure (2004, p.462–463). The name Hystrichosphaera pilosa forma nanus was not validly published in Wetzel (1933b) since the species combination Hystrichosphaera pilosa was not validly published. NIA. Age: Late Cretaceous.
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Original description [Wetzel, 1933b] (translated from German):
Hystrichosphaera cf. pilosa EHRBG. sp., forma nana n.f.
Plate IV Fig. 23 and text fig. 13.
Cf.? 1843. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Monatb. ex. d. Negotiation d. Berlin. Acad. d. Wiss., pp. 61-63. ?
1854. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Microgeology, Plate 37 No. 8 Fig. 4.
? 1904. Ovum hispidum (Xanthidium) pilosum (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Wiss. Result d. Plankton Exp., Vol. 4, N, pp. 21-25.
? 1854. Ovulum hispidum? EHRENBERG, Microgeology, Plate 18, Fig. 124.
? 1904. Ovulum hispidum? (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Scientific Proceedings of Planktonic Experiments, Vol. 4, N, p. 25.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum cf. hirsutum EHRBG. EISENACK, Paleozoic Journal, Vol. 13, p. 111 and Plate 5, Fig. 19.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum brevispinosum EISENACK, Paleozoic Journal, Vol. 13, p. 111 and Plate 5, Figs. 3-5.
Diagnosis: Shell very small, round to oval. Processes mostly short, simple. Color light yellowish-brown. These spiny shells differ not in size and strength of spination significantly from Ehrenberg's and Eisenack's pilose, hirsute and spinose fossils and are likely to represent even less than those comparable species true eggshells. Whether the specimen marked with a question mark, "Ovulum hispidum" EHRBG., belongs to this group of organisms is still uncertain, even according to Eisenack, although it is closest in size to my dwarf fossils. Sometimes our microfossils exhibit the habit of ciliates (Fig. 13).
Dimensions: Shell diameter, e.g., 20:12, 16:16, 16:12, 12:7, 8:6 (in μm); length of the appendages 10–20 μm, occasionally only 2 μm (?). Shell diameter in Xanthidium pilosum EHRBG. (1854) is 53 or 37 μm, appendages 6–10 μm long. In "Ovulum hispidum? EHRBG." (1854), the dimensions are 30 and 3–4 μm. Individual specimens (approx. 12) found in glacial erratic flint; the first time fossilized? Pl. IV Fig. 23 from Prep. 626 and Textfig. 13 from Prep. D 46 of glacial erratic flint.
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Original description [Wetzel, 1933b] in German:
Hystrichosphaera cf. pilosa EHRBG. sp., forma nana n. f.
Taf. IV Fig. 23 u. Textfig. 13.
Vgl. ? 1843. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Monatsb. üb. d. Verhdlgn. d. Berlin. Akad. d. Wiss., S. 61-63. ?
1854. Xanthidium pilosum EHRENBERG, Mikrogeologie, Taf. 37 Nr. 8 Fig. 4.
? 1904. Ovum hispidum (Xanthidium) pilosum (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Wiss. Ergb. d. Plankton-Exp., Bd. 4, N, S. 21-25.
? 1854. Ovulum hispidum? EHRENBERG, Mikrogeologie, Taf. 18 Fig. 124.
? 1904. Ovulum hispidum? (EHRBG.) LOHMANN, Wiss. Ergb. d. Plankt.-Exp., Bd. 4, N, S. 25.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum cf. hirsutum EHRBG. EISENACK, Pal. Ztschr., Bd. 13, S. 111 u. Taf. 5 Fig. 19.
? 1931. Ovum hispidum brevispinosum EISENACK, Pal. Ztschr., Bd. 13, S. 111 u. Taf. 5 Fig. 3-5.
Diagnose: Schale sehr klein, rund bis oval. Fortsätze meistens nur kurz, einfach. Farbe hellgelbbraun. Diese Stachelhüllen unterscheiden sich in der Körpergröße und Stärke der Bestachelung nicht un- wesentlich von EHRENBERG'S und EISENACK'S pilosen, hirsuten und spinosen Fossilien und dürften selbst noch weniger als jene Vergleichsarten echte Eihüllen darstellen. Ob das mit einem Fragezeichen versehene ,,Ovulum hispidum" EHRBG. in diese Organismengruppe gehört, steht auch nach EISENACK nicht fest, ob- gleich es meinen Zwergfossilien in der Größe am nächsten steht. - Manchmal zeigen unsre Mikrofossilien die Tracht von Wimperlingen (Textfig. 13).
Maße: Hüllendurchmesser z. B. 20: 12, 16: 16, 16: 12, 12: 7, 8: 6 (in μ); Länge der Fortsätze 10-20 μ, gelegentlich nur 2 μ (?). -Schalendurchmesser bei Xanthidium pilosum EHRBG. (1854) 53 bzw. 37 μ, Forts. 6-10 lang. Bei,,Ovulum hispidum? EHRBG." (1854) sind die Maße 30 und 3-4 μ. Einzelne Exemplare (ca. 12) in Geschiebefeuersteinen gefunden; zum erstenmal fossil? Taf. IV Fig. 23 aus Präp. 626 und Textfig. 13 aus Präp. D 46 von Geschiebefeuersteinen.
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Prolixosphaeridium? cf. nanum (O. Wetzel, 1933) Sarjeant, 1985
Figured in Schioler et al.: Plate IV, 4
Description: Schioler et al. 1997, p. 87, 89
Small oval microgranulate phragm covered with 30-50 mainly solid and flexible simple processes.
Dimensions (in µm, 5 specimens measured): length, 30 (34) 38; width, 15 (19) 21; length of processes, 5-12.
Discussion: This taxon resembles P. nanum in general shape and in size, but differs in having mainly solid processes. It closely resembles specimens assigned to Prolixosphaeridium cf. nanum by Marheinecke (1992) and specimens assigned to Micrhystrium piliferum by Harker et al. (1990). These and the present taxon may be identical. An archeopyle was not identified with certainty. It is with some hesitation that the taxon is attributed to Dinophyceae; alternatively it may be an acritarch.
Stratigraphic occurrence: The taxon is common below the Nivelle Horizon and extremely rare to absent above, and may thus be of stratigraphic importance in differentiating the Lixhe members from the overlying stratigraphic section. The similar taxon Prolixosphaeridium cf. nanum has a sharp decrease in abundance in the middle part of the argentaljunior Zone in the Hemmoor Quarry (at 47 m), according to Marheinecke (1992).
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