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Dingodinium tuberosum
Dingodinium tuberosum (Gitmez, 1970, p.307-308, pl.6, fig.9; text-fig.31) Fisher and Riley, 1980, p.319-320. Emendation: Poulsen, 1996, p.83, as Dingodinium tuberosum.
Originally Parvocavatus, subsequently (and now) Dingodinium, thirdly Dingodinium?. Questionable assignment: Stover and Helby (1987d, p.282) - however, Poulsen (1996, p.83) retained this species in Dingodinium without question. This combination was not validly published in Fisher and Riley (1976, p.52), since these authors did not fully reference the basionym.
Holotype: Gitmez, 1970, pl.6, fig.9; text-fig.31.
Locus typicus: Osmington Mills, Dorset, England
Age: Early Kimmeridgian.
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Dingodinium tuberosum (Gitmez, 1970) Fisher and Riley, 1980, emend. Poulsen, 1996. According to Poulsen (1996), this is a subspherical camocavate cyst with a conical apical horn, which is open at the distal end. The endophragm is granular, ranging from scabrate to verrucate. The periphragm is thin and smooth, and the expression of the paratabulation varies from well defined to only an indistinct paracingulum. Paratabulation formula, when determinable, gonyaulacoid, type ?1pr, 4', 6", ?c, 5"’ (plates 2 to 6"’), 1p, 1"”, ?s. Paraplate 1"’ is missing or minute. Archeopyle apical type tA/tA. Size: overall length 56 µm, width 44 µm, length of horn 9 µm, endocyst length 48 µm, width 43 µm.
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Original diagnosis: Gitmez, 1970, p. 307-308: Parvocavatus tuberosus
Parvocavatus having an ovoidal-polygonal periblast, with a spheroidal endoblast inside. There is a hollow apical horn at the apex, which is formed by the periphragm only and has a hole at its tip. Reflected tabulation: 4', 6'', 6c, 6''', and 1''''. Periphragm thin, endophragm thick, with a densely tuberculate surface. A circular cingulum divides the shell into two nearly equal parts. Apical archaeopyle developed, the operculum typically remaining attached.
Dimensions: Holotype: overall length 55 Ám, breadth 45 Ám; endoblast diameters 40 x 40 Ám. Other English specimens (2 specimens measured): overall length 52-56 Ám, breadth 46-48 Ám: endoblast diameters 38-40 Ám. Range of the French specimens (40 specimens measured): overall length 50-55 Ám, breadth 43-45 Ám; endoblast diameters 35-45 Ám. All the observed specimens were not capable of measurement.
Description: Gitmez, 1970, p.307-308: Parvocavatus tuberosus
The periblast is ovoidal with a short, blunt apical horn; the endoblast is spherical; both periblast and endoblast have a rounded antapex. The epitract and hypotract are nearly equal in size. The sulcus extends between apex and antapex. On the ventral surface there is a split between the apical and precingular plates, which suggests incipient archaeopyle formation. The presence of a hole at the tip of the apical horn is also noteworthy. The precingular plates are generally large: plate 6'' is smaller than the others. Six postcingular plates are present, plate 1''' small and triangular-shaped. A single antapical plate is present; it is quite large and convex.
Affinities:
Gitmez, 1970, p. 308: Parvocavatus tuberosus
Parvocavatus tuberosus is similar to Gardodinium trabeculosum, but differs in having no processes connecting the two membranes. This new species differs from all previously described species in its combination of the characteristic hole at the tip of the apical, archaeopyle formation and tabulation. P. tuberosus is common in the French material, but it is rare in Dorset and Scottish assemblages. Generally the specimens are badly preserved, so that it was difficult to determine the details of the tabulation.
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Poulsen 1996, p. 83-84
Dingodinium tuberosum (Gitmez 1970) Riley 1980 emend. nov., Pl. 16, Figs. 8-12
Parvocavatus tuberosus Gitmez, 1970, p. 307-308, pl. 6, fig. 9, text-fig. 31. (The holotype is
now lost).
Parvocavatus tuberosus Gitmez, 1970, in Gitmez and Sarjeant, 1972, pl. 14, fig. 4.
Dingodinium sp. A of Ioannides et al., 1976, p. 452, pl. 1, fig. 11.
Dingodinium jurassicum Cookson and Eisenack 1958, in Raynaud, 1978, p. 396, pl. 2, fig. 9,
text-fig. 5, no. 14.
Emended description. A subspherical, camocavate cyst with a conical apical horn, which is open at the distal end. The endophragm is granular, ranging from scabrate to verrucate. The periphragm is thin and smooth, and the expression of the paratabulation varies from well defined to only an indistinct paracingulum. Paratabulation formula (when determinable) gonyaulacoid, type: ?1pr, 4', 6", ?c, 5"' (plates 2"' - 6"'), 1p, 1"", ?s. Paraplate 1"'missing or minute. Archeopyle apical, type tA/tA.
Holotype. The holotype of Dingodinium tuberosum is lost, Gitmez (1970) did not select any paratypes.
Neotype. Kimmeridge Clay, 6 meters above Ringstead Coral Bed (approximately same stratum as for the holotype), Osmington Mills (Black Head), England (Nat. Grid. ref. 732 818), DGU catalogue no.: 1991-NEP-19. Overall length 56 Ám, width 44 Ám, length of horn 9 Ám, endocyst length 48 Ám, width 43 Ám.
Remarks. Gitmez (1970) interpreted the paratabulation of D. tuberosum as: 4', 6", 6c, 6"', 1"". The number of parasulcals and the presence of a posterior intercalary (1p) were not indicated by Gitmez (1970). However, on the illustration of the holotype (Gitmez, 1970, text-fig. 31) the paraplate 2"' is shown to be in contact with paraplate 1"". Unfortunately, the holotype is lost, so the paratabulation of this specimen cannot be restudied. However, in gonyaulacaleans the first postcingular paraplate to make contact with the antapical paraplate is nearly always paraplate 3"'.
Accordingly, paraplates 1"' and 2"' of Gitmez's text-figure 31 are 2"' and 3"' respectively. The paratabulation is gonyaulacoid, type: ?1pr, 4', ?a, 6", ?c, 5"', (2"' - 6"'), 1 pr, 1"", 1p. The paraplate 1"' is missing or minute. The presence and number of paracingulars, parasulcals, and anterior or posterior intercalaries cannot be substantiated. The hole at the tip of the apical horn of D. tuberosum (see Gitmez, 1970, p. 307) might be equivalent to a preapical paraplate (lpr). It appears that paratabulation formula, shape, granulate endophragm and other features are the same as for Dingodinium minutum. The paratabulation of D. minutum is 4', ?a, 6", ?c, 5"', (plates 2"' - 6"'), 1pr, 1"" (Dodekova, 1990, p. 11). Dingodinium minutum differs from D. tuberosum in having a smaller horn without a hole at the tip of the apical horn.
Dingodinium sp. A of Ioannides et al., (1976) is similar to those specimens of D. Iuberosum wid a partly defined paratabulation. It has a hole at the distal end of the horn and is regarded as conspecific with D. tuberosum, despite its rather small size.
Occurrences. Dingodinium tuberosum occurs from the latest Oxfordian (Rosenkrantzi Zone) to mid-Middle Volgian (Albani Zone) (Riding and Thomas, 1988). In Denmark, it occurs from the Scriniodinium crystallinum Zone, Subzone d to the Dichadogonyaulax culmula Zone, Subzone a. It is not recorded from Poland.
Originally Parvocavatus, subsequently (and now) Dingodinium, thirdly Dingodinium?. Questionable assignment: Stover and Helby (1987d, p.282) - however, Poulsen (1996, p.83) retained this species in Dingodinium without question. This combination was not validly published in Fisher and Riley (1976, p.52), since these authors did not fully reference the basionym.
Holotype: Gitmez, 1970, pl.6, fig.9; text-fig.31.
Locus typicus: Osmington Mills, Dorset, England
Age: Early Kimmeridgian.
--------------------------------------------------
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Dingodinium tuberosum (Gitmez, 1970) Fisher and Riley, 1980, emend. Poulsen, 1996. According to Poulsen (1996), this is a subspherical camocavate cyst with a conical apical horn, which is open at the distal end. The endophragm is granular, ranging from scabrate to verrucate. The periphragm is thin and smooth, and the expression of the paratabulation varies from well defined to only an indistinct paracingulum. Paratabulation formula, when determinable, gonyaulacoid, type ?1pr, 4', 6", ?c, 5"’ (plates 2 to 6"’), 1p, 1"”, ?s. Paraplate 1"’ is missing or minute. Archeopyle apical type tA/tA. Size: overall length 56 µm, width 44 µm, length of horn 9 µm, endocyst length 48 µm, width 43 µm.
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Original diagnosis: Gitmez, 1970, p. 307-308: Parvocavatus tuberosus
Parvocavatus having an ovoidal-polygonal periblast, with a spheroidal endoblast inside. There is a hollow apical horn at the apex, which is formed by the periphragm only and has a hole at its tip. Reflected tabulation: 4', 6'', 6c, 6''', and 1''''. Periphragm thin, endophragm thick, with a densely tuberculate surface. A circular cingulum divides the shell into two nearly equal parts. Apical archaeopyle developed, the operculum typically remaining attached.
Dimensions: Holotype: overall length 55 Ám, breadth 45 Ám; endoblast diameters 40 x 40 Ám. Other English specimens (2 specimens measured): overall length 52-56 Ám, breadth 46-48 Ám: endoblast diameters 38-40 Ám. Range of the French specimens (40 specimens measured): overall length 50-55 Ám, breadth 43-45 Ám; endoblast diameters 35-45 Ám. All the observed specimens were not capable of measurement.
Description: Gitmez, 1970, p.307-308: Parvocavatus tuberosus
The periblast is ovoidal with a short, blunt apical horn; the endoblast is spherical; both periblast and endoblast have a rounded antapex. The epitract and hypotract are nearly equal in size. The sulcus extends between apex and antapex. On the ventral surface there is a split between the apical and precingular plates, which suggests incipient archaeopyle formation. The presence of a hole at the tip of the apical horn is also noteworthy. The precingular plates are generally large: plate 6'' is smaller than the others. Six postcingular plates are present, plate 1''' small and triangular-shaped. A single antapical plate is present; it is quite large and convex.
Affinities:
Gitmez, 1970, p. 308: Parvocavatus tuberosus
Parvocavatus tuberosus is similar to Gardodinium trabeculosum, but differs in having no processes connecting the two membranes. This new species differs from all previously described species in its combination of the characteristic hole at the tip of the apical, archaeopyle formation and tabulation. P. tuberosus is common in the French material, but it is rare in Dorset and Scottish assemblages. Generally the specimens are badly preserved, so that it was difficult to determine the details of the tabulation.
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Poulsen 1996, p. 83-84
Dingodinium tuberosum (Gitmez 1970) Riley 1980 emend. nov., Pl. 16, Figs. 8-12
Parvocavatus tuberosus Gitmez, 1970, p. 307-308, pl. 6, fig. 9, text-fig. 31. (The holotype is
now lost).
Parvocavatus tuberosus Gitmez, 1970, in Gitmez and Sarjeant, 1972, pl. 14, fig. 4.
Dingodinium sp. A of Ioannides et al., 1976, p. 452, pl. 1, fig. 11.
Dingodinium jurassicum Cookson and Eisenack 1958, in Raynaud, 1978, p. 396, pl. 2, fig. 9,
text-fig. 5, no. 14.
Emended description. A subspherical, camocavate cyst with a conical apical horn, which is open at the distal end. The endophragm is granular, ranging from scabrate to verrucate. The periphragm is thin and smooth, and the expression of the paratabulation varies from well defined to only an indistinct paracingulum. Paratabulation formula (when determinable) gonyaulacoid, type: ?1pr, 4', 6", ?c, 5"' (plates 2"' - 6"'), 1p, 1"", ?s. Paraplate 1"'missing or minute. Archeopyle apical, type tA/tA.
Holotype. The holotype of Dingodinium tuberosum is lost, Gitmez (1970) did not select any paratypes.
Neotype. Kimmeridge Clay, 6 meters above Ringstead Coral Bed (approximately same stratum as for the holotype), Osmington Mills (Black Head), England (Nat. Grid. ref. 732 818), DGU catalogue no.: 1991-NEP-19. Overall length 56 Ám, width 44 Ám, length of horn 9 Ám, endocyst length 48 Ám, width 43 Ám.
Remarks. Gitmez (1970) interpreted the paratabulation of D. tuberosum as: 4', 6", 6c, 6"', 1"". The number of parasulcals and the presence of a posterior intercalary (1p) were not indicated by Gitmez (1970). However, on the illustration of the holotype (Gitmez, 1970, text-fig. 31) the paraplate 2"' is shown to be in contact with paraplate 1"". Unfortunately, the holotype is lost, so the paratabulation of this specimen cannot be restudied. However, in gonyaulacaleans the first postcingular paraplate to make contact with the antapical paraplate is nearly always paraplate 3"'.
Accordingly, paraplates 1"' and 2"' of Gitmez's text-figure 31 are 2"' and 3"' respectively. The paratabulation is gonyaulacoid, type: ?1pr, 4', ?a, 6", ?c, 5"', (2"' - 6"'), 1 pr, 1"", 1p. The paraplate 1"' is missing or minute. The presence and number of paracingulars, parasulcals, and anterior or posterior intercalaries cannot be substantiated. The hole at the tip of the apical horn of D. tuberosum (see Gitmez, 1970, p. 307) might be equivalent to a preapical paraplate (lpr). It appears that paratabulation formula, shape, granulate endophragm and other features are the same as for Dingodinium minutum. The paratabulation of D. minutum is 4', ?a, 6", ?c, 5"', (plates 2"' - 6"'), 1pr, 1"" (Dodekova, 1990, p. 11). Dingodinium minutum differs from D. tuberosum in having a smaller horn without a hole at the tip of the apical horn.
Dingodinium sp. A of Ioannides et al., (1976) is similar to those specimens of D. Iuberosum wid a partly defined paratabulation. It has a hole at the distal end of the horn and is regarded as conspecific with D. tuberosum, despite its rather small size.
Occurrences. Dingodinium tuberosum occurs from the latest Oxfordian (Rosenkrantzi Zone) to mid-Middle Volgian (Albani Zone) (Riding and Thomas, 1988). In Denmark, it occurs from the Scriniodinium crystallinum Zone, Subzone d to the Dichadogonyaulax culmula Zone, Subzone a. It is not recorded from Poland.