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Orobodinium automobile
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Orobodinium automobile Gocht and Wille, 1990, p.699–700,702, figs.4–7,8a–b,9a–b,10–17,27–29. Holotype: Gocht and Wille, 1990, fig.4. Age: late Bajocian–middle Callovian.
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Locus typicus: Highway NW of Gruibingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
Stratum typicum: Late Bajocian-Middle Callovian
Translation Gocht and Wille, 1990: LPP
Original description (Gocht and Wille, 1990) Not yet translated from German.
Derivatio nominis: From the type locality on the highway.
Holotype: The specimen shown in Fig. 4. Prep. 1690/1, Kreuzrisch number 9.4 x 97.5 (Zeiss microscope, Geological-Paleonological Institute Tübingen, inventory no. S1B 53, C 103).
Locus typicus: Temporary outcrop at the highway construction site approximately 3 km northwest of Gruibingen, Goppingen district, Baden-Württemberg.
Stratum typicum: Lower Bathonian (zigzag zone). Phosphorite nodules from the Brown Jurassic epsilon clay.
Diagnosis: Small spherical cysts, without paratabulation. Wall apparently single-layered, with a smooth to scabrous surface. Archaopyle apical, with polygonal outline, without accessory fissures. Operculum free. (For orientation and interpretation of the archaeopylae outline, see Fig. 2 and the gating diagnosis.)
Dimensions: Holotype 0 26 μm. Other specimens measure between 22 and 29 μm (average of 47 specimens: 24.6 μm).
Description: Our sample material (phosphorites, oolitic limestones) generally provided us with three-dimensionally preserved, barely deformed specimens of spherical shape. Under the light microscope, no stratification of the cyst wall is discernible; it is relatively thin and light yellow to amber in color. The wall surface is mandibularly smooth, but more frequently fringed to rough. Small scattered granules also occur, but not so densely that the cyst surface could be described as granular. Since most samples were sieved with a 10 µm mesh during preparation, the isolated opercula were lost and were found only in one unseeded sample; in the same sample, loosened opercula were also found in situ (sample 3, Lower Bathonian, Neidlingen). Due to the spherical shape, there is no preferred position of the cysts in the preparation; it is only striking that in the specimens embedded in pertopoxy, the archaeopyle opening does not point towards the cover glass, but rather towards the slide, so that all polar views show the archaeopyle from the inside, i.e., mirror-image. Based on its polygonal outline, the archaeopyle can be interpreted as apical or apical-intercalar; a precingular or purely intercalar archaeopyle is out of the question. The absence of any parasutures or accessory fissures makes orientation difficult. The exposed operculum does not allow any direct conclusions to be drawn about the sulcal attachment point. In our opinion, the ventral side of the archaeopyle lies where the outline is most pointed. However, at this point, one no longer finds the narrow contact edge between 1' and 5a, as is usually the case in gonyaulacoid cysts. If one attempts to infer the precingular ring from the outline of the archaeopyle, one sometimes finds 6, sometimes 7 precingular plates. The difference is that in some specimens, a long, continuous edge is present on the right side, while in the other, an angle separates a smaller dorsal from a larger ventral section (see Fig. 3A and B). Both types can occur side by side in the same specimen. The holotype (Fig. 4) is an example of a "6-configuration." The specimen in Fig. 7, on the other hand, shows a "7-configuration" of the archaeopyle (see also Figs. 27-29). Occasionally, transitional forms have been found in which the angle separating the two sections is only weakly indicated (Fig. 28). The question of which of the two archaeopyle types is original or derived must remain open. We have refrained from attempting to reconstruct the apical lamination because no evidence of parasutures on the operculum has been found so far. Interestingly, the observation that the right sette in the outline of archaeopyles often appears more dorsally displaced than the left is interesting. From this, one could cautiously conclude that the girdle groove is clockwise. This would contrast with the known counterclockwise rotation in the vast majority of dinoflagellates. The presumed rightward rotation of the Orobodinimn belt could also be reflected in the left-leaning apical edge of 4" (cf. Fig. 3A, B). Very often, it is observed that the archaeopyle margin and operculum are not linearly defined, but rather more or less serrated (e.g., Figs. 4, 5, 7, 13, 27-29). Although the serration is occasionally barely developed (Figs. 11, 14), it can generally be used as an additional distinguishing feature of O. automobile—and probably also of other anemones of the genus. Opercula in situ show that teeth and notches fit precisely into one another at the archaeopyle margin. Thus, no wall material was lost during the formation of the fissure (Fig. 15). Stratigraphic distribution: Upper Bajocian (Parkinsoni Zone) to Middle Callovian (Coronatum Zone), samples 1-5.
Orobodinium automobile Gocht and Wille, 1990, p.699–700,702, figs.4–7,8a–b,9a–b,10–17,27–29. Holotype: Gocht and Wille, 1990, fig.4. Age: late Bajocian–middle Callovian.
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Locus typicus: Highway NW of Gruibingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
Stratum typicum: Late Bajocian-Middle Callovian
Translation Gocht and Wille, 1990: LPP
Original description (Gocht and Wille, 1990) Not yet translated from German.
Derivatio nominis: From the type locality on the highway.
Holotype: The specimen shown in Fig. 4. Prep. 1690/1, Kreuzrisch number 9.4 x 97.5 (Zeiss microscope, Geological-Paleonological Institute Tübingen, inventory no. S1B 53, C 103).
Locus typicus: Temporary outcrop at the highway construction site approximately 3 km northwest of Gruibingen, Goppingen district, Baden-Württemberg.
Stratum typicum: Lower Bathonian (zigzag zone). Phosphorite nodules from the Brown Jurassic epsilon clay.
Diagnosis: Small spherical cysts, without paratabulation. Wall apparently single-layered, with a smooth to scabrous surface. Archaopyle apical, with polygonal outline, without accessory fissures. Operculum free. (For orientation and interpretation of the archaeopylae outline, see Fig. 2 and the gating diagnosis.)
Dimensions: Holotype 0 26 μm. Other specimens measure between 22 and 29 μm (average of 47 specimens: 24.6 μm).
Description: Our sample material (phosphorites, oolitic limestones) generally provided us with three-dimensionally preserved, barely deformed specimens of spherical shape. Under the light microscope, no stratification of the cyst wall is discernible; it is relatively thin and light yellow to amber in color. The wall surface is mandibularly smooth, but more frequently fringed to rough. Small scattered granules also occur, but not so densely that the cyst surface could be described as granular. Since most samples were sieved with a 10 µm mesh during preparation, the isolated opercula were lost and were found only in one unseeded sample; in the same sample, loosened opercula were also found in situ (sample 3, Lower Bathonian, Neidlingen). Due to the spherical shape, there is no preferred position of the cysts in the preparation; it is only striking that in the specimens embedded in pertopoxy, the archaeopyle opening does not point towards the cover glass, but rather towards the slide, so that all polar views show the archaeopyle from the inside, i.e., mirror-image. Based on its polygonal outline, the archaeopyle can be interpreted as apical or apical-intercalar; a precingular or purely intercalar archaeopyle is out of the question. The absence of any parasutures or accessory fissures makes orientation difficult. The exposed operculum does not allow any direct conclusions to be drawn about the sulcal attachment point. In our opinion, the ventral side of the archaeopyle lies where the outline is most pointed. However, at this point, one no longer finds the narrow contact edge between 1' and 5a, as is usually the case in gonyaulacoid cysts. If one attempts to infer the precingular ring from the outline of the archaeopyle, one sometimes finds 6, sometimes 7 precingular plates. The difference is that in some specimens, a long, continuous edge is present on the right side, while in the other, an angle separates a smaller dorsal from a larger ventral section (see Fig. 3A and B). Both types can occur side by side in the same specimen. The holotype (Fig. 4) is an example of a "6-configuration." The specimen in Fig. 7, on the other hand, shows a "7-configuration" of the archaeopyle (see also Figs. 27-29). Occasionally, transitional forms have been found in which the angle separating the two sections is only weakly indicated (Fig. 28). The question of which of the two archaeopyle types is original or derived must remain open. We have refrained from attempting to reconstruct the apical lamination because no evidence of parasutures on the operculum has been found so far. Interestingly, the observation that the right sette in the outline of archaeopyles often appears more dorsally displaced than the left is interesting. From this, one could cautiously conclude that the girdle groove is clockwise. This would contrast with the known counterclockwise rotation in the vast majority of dinoflagellates. The presumed rightward rotation of the Orobodinimn belt could also be reflected in the left-leaning apical edge of 4" (cf. Fig. 3A, B). Very often, it is observed that the archaeopyle margin and operculum are not linearly defined, but rather more or less serrated (e.g., Figs. 4, 5, 7, 13, 27-29). Although the serration is occasionally barely developed (Figs. 11, 14), it can generally be used as an additional distinguishing feature of O. automobile—and probably also of other anemones of the genus. Opercula in situ show that teeth and notches fit precisely into one another at the archaeopyle margin. Thus, no wall material was lost during the formation of the fissure (Fig. 15). Stratigraphic distribution: Upper Bajocian (Parkinsoni Zone) to Middle Callovian (Coronatum Zone), samples 1-5.