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Parascriniocassis krumbeckii
Parascriniocassis *krumbeckii Below, 1990, p.27–28,30, pl.5, figs.1–15; pl.4, figs.1–9; text-figs.7a–h.
Holotype: Below, 1990, pl.5, figs.11–15. Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.490), this name is validly published. Below (1987a, p.6) stated that, unless otherwise indicated, all the material is in his personal collection. Since Below (1987a, 1987b, 1990) are parts I to III of a single study, we agree with J. Jansonius (personal communication) that Below's (1987a) repository statement refers to all three publications, fulfilling the requirement of I.C.N. Article 40.7 (see also the discussion on Article 40.7 in the Introduction).
Age: late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian.
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Original description (Below, 1990) (translated from German):
Parascriniocassis krumbeckii n.gen. n. sp.
Plate 5, Figs. 1-15; Plate 4, Figs. 1-9; Fig. 7
Derivatio nominis: In honor of Prof. L. KRUMBECK, explorer of the Franconian Jura.
Holotype: Specimen Sl-1284(K3)1/15 (Plate 5, Figs. 11-15).
Locus typicus: Sunken road at the eastern end of Fécocourt, Lorraine.
Stratum typicum: Base of the Toarcian.
Description:
Vesicle plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate Amnphiesma cop, pop, cap, 4'-5', 0a, 5"-6", 7c, 6'", 2"", as, FM, ls, rs, ps; tegulation n*, 0**, n***, 2****, 7c, 4(*), 4(**), 3(***); growth of thecal plates in a gonyaulocoid manner;
Zygote cyst habitus proximate, acavate, spheroidal, or polyhedral with a coniform to tholiform epicyst and an attached small horn, as well as a larger, almost tentoriate or hemispheroidal hypocyst; antapex flattened or rounded, circular in equatorial section, maximum diameter at the posterior cingulate margin; wall composed of a thin pedium and very densely spaced vesicles luxuriate columellae that fuse initially to form the tegillum, surface of the luxuriate tegillum smooth to scabrous, raised along the finis into bead-like, flat, limbate stripes, finis also developed as distinct lines along which the tegillum is absent; arrangement scheme cop, pop, cap, 4'-5', 0a, 5"-6'', 7c, 6'", 2''", Xs/as, FM, Is, rs, ps; PR undifferentiated or consisting of a very small, lanceolate to oval pop in the center of which cop rises as a pin or as a horseshoe-shaped and ventrally open bulge, cap as a narrow rectangle or trapezoid; Variants of epicystal areation:
4 apical/5 precingulate: steno VI1' (V), VI2' (LDL), camerate 3' (D), VI4' (RDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE2" (L), anterior linear 3'' (D), anterior geniculate V-nE4'' (RDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5'' (VR), or 4 apical/6 precingulate: steno VI1' (V), VI2' (LDL), fastigiate 3' (D), VI4' (RDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 1'' (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2'' (L), anterior linear IV-nE 3'' (DDL), anterior linear
IV-nE 4" (DDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5'' (R), anterior geniculate V-nE 6'' (VR), or 5 apical/6 precingulate: steno VI 1' (V), VIII 2' (L), caroidale 3' (DL), VI4' (DR), VII5' (VR), anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2'' (L), anterior geniculate V-nE 3" (D), anterior linear IV-nE 4'' (DR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5" (R), anterior geniculate V-nE 6" (VVR); Cingulum left-handed spiral, heptapartite, from lati 1c to 6c and iso fastigiater 7c; 6 Postcingulars: posterior linear VI-nE 1"' (VVL), posterior linear IV-nE2'" (VL), posterior geniculate V-nE 3"' (LDL), posterior linear IV-nE 4'" (D), posterior linear IV-nE 5'" (RDR), posterior linear V-nE 6"' (VR); 2 antapics: V1''" inclined towards VVL and pole-side or slightly inclined towards R VI2''"; sulcus of VIas, mostly not finite FM, small rs and ls as well as ps; archaeopyle apical/precingular, 3' + 4' + 2" + 3'' + 4" + 5'' or only 3' + 2'' + 3'' + 4" + 5'' or 3' + 2'' + 3'' + 4''; Operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 3'(s) + 4'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s) + 5"(s) or 3'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s) + 5''(s) or 3'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s) + 5''(s) or 3'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s).
Dimensions of the holotype:
Length 54 μm, width 45 μm, thickness 42 μm.
Note:
The so far very rare specimens of the only species of this new genus generally resemble taxa of the genus Scriniocassis, with which they can therefore be easily confused if the arrangement scheme and archaeopyle type are ignored. Three variants of the epicystal arrangement pattern are known to date. Area contacts are:
Holotype: Below, 1990, pl.5, figs.11–15. Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.490), this name is validly published. Below (1987a, p.6) stated that, unless otherwise indicated, all the material is in his personal collection. Since Below (1987a, 1987b, 1990) are parts I to III of a single study, we agree with J. Jansonius (personal communication) that Below's (1987a) repository statement refers to all three publications, fulfilling the requirement of I.C.N. Article 40.7 (see also the discussion on Article 40.7 in the Introduction).
Age: late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description (Below, 1990) (translated from German):
Parascriniocassis krumbeckii n.gen. n. sp.
Plate 5, Figs. 1-15; Plate 4, Figs. 1-9; Fig. 7
Derivatio nominis: In honor of Prof. L. KRUMBECK, explorer of the Franconian Jura.
Holotype: Specimen Sl-1284(K3)1/15 (Plate 5, Figs. 11-15).
Locus typicus: Sunken road at the eastern end of Fécocourt, Lorraine.
Stratum typicum: Base of the Toarcian.
Description:
Vesicle plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate Amnphiesma cop, pop, cap, 4'-5', 0a, 5"-6", 7c, 6'", 2"", as, FM, ls, rs, ps; tegulation n*, 0**, n***, 2****, 7c, 4(*), 4(**), 3(***); growth of thecal plates in a gonyaulocoid manner;
Zygote cyst habitus proximate, acavate, spheroidal, or polyhedral with a coniform to tholiform epicyst and an attached small horn, as well as a larger, almost tentoriate or hemispheroidal hypocyst; antapex flattened or rounded, circular in equatorial section, maximum diameter at the posterior cingulate margin; wall composed of a thin pedium and very densely spaced vesicles luxuriate columellae that fuse initially to form the tegillum, surface of the luxuriate tegillum smooth to scabrous, raised along the finis into bead-like, flat, limbate stripes, finis also developed as distinct lines along which the tegillum is absent; arrangement scheme cop, pop, cap, 4'-5', 0a, 5"-6'', 7c, 6'", 2''", Xs/as, FM, Is, rs, ps; PR undifferentiated or consisting of a very small, lanceolate to oval pop in the center of which cop rises as a pin or as a horseshoe-shaped and ventrally open bulge, cap as a narrow rectangle or trapezoid; Variants of epicystal areation:
4 apical/5 precingulate: steno VI1' (V), VI2' (LDL), camerate 3' (D), VI4' (RDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE2" (L), anterior linear 3'' (D), anterior geniculate V-nE4'' (RDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5'' (VR), or 4 apical/6 precingulate: steno VI1' (V), VI2' (LDL), fastigiate 3' (D), VI4' (RDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 1'' (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2'' (L), anterior linear IV-nE 3'' (DDL), anterior linear
IV-nE 4" (DDR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5'' (R), anterior geniculate V-nE 6'' (VR), or 5 apical/6 precingulate: steno VI 1' (V), VIII 2' (L), caroidale 3' (DL), VI4' (DR), VII5' (VR), anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2'' (L), anterior geniculate V-nE 3" (D), anterior linear IV-nE 4'' (DR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5" (R), anterior geniculate V-nE 6" (VVR); Cingulum left-handed spiral, heptapartite, from lati 1c to 6c and iso fastigiater 7c; 6 Postcingulars: posterior linear VI-nE 1"' (VVL), posterior linear IV-nE2'" (VL), posterior geniculate V-nE 3"' (LDL), posterior linear IV-nE 4'" (D), posterior linear IV-nE 5'" (RDR), posterior linear V-nE 6"' (VR); 2 antapics: V1''" inclined towards VVL and pole-side or slightly inclined towards R VI2''"; sulcus of VIas, mostly not finite FM, small rs and ls as well as ps; archaeopyle apical/precingular, 3' + 4' + 2" + 3'' + 4" + 5'' or only 3' + 2'' + 3'' + 4" + 5'' or 3' + 2'' + 3'' + 4''; Operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 3'(s) + 4'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s) + 5"(s) or 3'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s) + 5''(s) or 3'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s) + 5''(s) or 3'(s) + 2''(s) + 3''(s) + 4''(s).
Dimensions of the holotype:
Length 54 μm, width 45 μm, thickness 42 μm.
Note:
The so far very rare specimens of the only species of this new genus generally resemble taxa of the genus Scriniocassis, with which they can therefore be easily confused if the arrangement scheme and archaeopyle type are ignored. Three variants of the epicystal arrangement pattern are known to date. Area contacts are: