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Mancodinium semitabulatum
Mancodinium semitabulatum Morgenroth, 1970, p.352–353, pl.12, figs.3–6; pl.13, figs.1–4. Emendation: Below, 1987b, p.23, as Mancodinium semitabulatum.
Originally (and now) Mancodinium, subsequently Dapcodinium. Dörhöfer and Davies, 1980, transferred this species to Dapcodinium Evitt, 1961. Lentin and Williams, 1985, retained the species in Mancodinium.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Parvulodinium penitabulatum, according to Prauss (1989, p.25).
Holotype: Morgenroth, 1970, pl. 12, fig. 3
Locus typicus: Canal Hildesheim, E of Luehnde, Germany
Stratum typicum: Late Pliensbachian
Translation Below, 1987: Translation Bureau, Secretary of State Canada, 1988
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Mancodinium semitabulatum Morgenroth, 1970, emend. Below, 1987b. According to Below (1987B, p.23), this species has a wall composed of pedium and prismatic rigid luxuria: surface shagreenate, graular, ornamentation consisting of short gemmae or tubercles arranged in peniareate rows or intraareate groups. Sometimes see weak parasutures. Has four small apicals, four anterior intercalaries, 7 precingulars. Archeopyle epicystal, operculum secate, foederate in part and solvate in part. Morgenroth (1970) described it as having an ovoid test, with epitract slightly shorter than hypotract. Wall thin, surface of test granular, rarely areolated. Test irregularly covered with very short massive spines, which are commonly capitate distally. Reflected tabulation 4', 4a, 7", 0c, c”’, 0p, 0"”. Sutures between plates on epitract marked by absence of granulations. A laevorotarory cingulum and sulcus sometimes indicated by slight intrusions into the wall. Apical horn short, distally expanded. The archeopyle is formed by the loss of a free operculum composed of all plates on the epitract. The operculum is divided into eight pieces. One opercular piece consists of the four apical and four anterior intercalary plates. After this rupture has taken place the seven precingular plates are discarded. Size: length of test 39-46 µm, width 30-44 µm, length of apical horn 3-5 µm, length of spines 1-2 µm.
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Original description: Morgenroth, 1970, p. 352-353.
Diagnosis: Test ovoidal; epitract slightly shorter than hypotract. Wall thin; surface of test granular, rarely areolated. Test irregularly covered with very short massive spines, which are commonly capitate distally. Reflected tabulation: 4', 4a, 7'', 0c, 0''', 0p, 0''''. Sutures between plate equivalents on epitract marked by absence of granulation. A laevo-rotatory cingulum and a sulcus are sometimes indicated by slight intrusions into the wall. Apical horn short, distally expanded.
Dimensions: Holotype: breadth of test 39 µm. Cotype: length 43 µm, breadth 35 µm. Range: length 39(43)46 µm, breadth 30(38)44 µm. Length of apical horn: 3-5 µm. 35 specimens measured.
Description: The wall of the ovoidal test is about 1 µm thick. Its surface is normally clearly granular, but on two specimens it is areolated. The test of most of the specimens is more or less densely covered with 1-2 µm high massive spines which are commonly flattened distally. These spines sometimes give the impression of being arranged in loose 'groups'. However, the position of these 'groups' on the hypotract shows no pattern which could indicate a reflected tabulation. The thin sutures between the plates of the epitract are free of granulation and spines. Four apical plates are reflected (pl. 12, fig. 3, 4). Plate 1' is elongate and occupies the anterior prolongation of the sulcus. Plates 2' and 4' seem to be pentagonal, while plate 3' seems to be septagonal in shape. Plate 3' carries a small apical horn, which is expanded distally. Between the seven pentagonal precingular plates and the apical plates, four pentagonal anterior intercalary plates are reflected (pl. 12, fig. 3, 4). On some of specimens a slight intrusion into the wall below the precingular plates indicates an undivided laevo-rotatory cingulum. A sulcus is commonly indicated by a ventral intrusion which is more strongly developed on the hypotract (pl. 12, fig. 3, pl. 13, fig. 4). None of the specimens available shows traces of a reflected tabulation on the hypotract. The archeopyle is formed by the loss of a free operculum composed of all plates reflected on the epitract. The operculum is divided into eight pieces. A rupture directly above the precingular plates separates one opercular piece consisting of the four apical and four anteriorly intercalary plates (pl. 12, fig. 3-6; pl. 13, fig. 1). After this rupture has taken place the seven precingular plates are discarded separately (pl. 12, fig. 3, 6). From most of the specimens, only isolated hypotracts have been found. Only exceptionally some precingular plates, still loosely connected with the hypotract, have been observed (pl. 13, fig. 2, 4).
Emended description: Below, 1987b, p. 23-27:
Arrangement of vesicles/plates of the dinoflagellate amphiesma PR, 4', 4a, 7'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM subdivided into several periflagellar areae, ls, rs, ps; pentagonal 1'''' and hexagonal 2'''' partiform, omegaform ps very large; primtegulate epithecal series connected sinistrally with as; growth of thecal plates peridinoidal. Cyst habit proximate, acavate, ovaloidal, epicyst shorter than hypocyst, apically rounded, indistinctly acuminate, or with short apical horn, antapex rounded or asymmetrical with rather dextral apical bulge, equatorial section circular or slightly oval, maximal diameter at the posterior cingular margin; wall composed of pedium and prismatic, rigid luxuria; surface shagreenate, granular, ornamentation consisting of short gemmae or tubercles arranged in peniareate rows or intraareate groups, seldom diffusely scattered; areation marked by sometimes weakly indented limbi free of ornament, narrow finate grooves without luxuria, and primary archeopyle sutures; areation formula NR, PR/cop, pop, NR'/4', NRa/4a, NR''/7'', NRc/7c, NR'''/6''', NR''''/1'''', NRs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps; PR unstructured or cop in the form of a horseshoe-shaped bulge moiunted on the apex of the apical protuberance or horn, pop a closed or U-shaped bulge (open ventrally) around cop slightly to the posterior; four small apicals arranged in a symmetrical cloverleaf pattern around PR, steno VI 1' (V), VII 2' (VL), deltaform linteloid 3' (D), VI 4' (VR); four anterior intercalaries, caroidal 1a (DL), fastigiate 2a (DDL), deltaform inverse-camerate 3a (DDR), deltaform inverse-camerate 4a (RDR); 7 precingulars of uniform size, anteriorly geniculate V-nE 1'' (VL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 2'' (LDL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 3'' (DDL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 4'' (D), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 5'' (DR) or finis 4''/5'' dorsal, anteriorly geniculate V-nE 6'' (RVR), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 7'' (VVR); cingulum broad, level, or indented, helicoid laevorotatory, heptapartite, lati 1c to 6c, iso 7c; 6 postcingulars, posteriorly linear V-nE 1''' (VVL), posteriorly linear IV-nE 2''' (VL), posteriorly geniculate V-nE 3''' (DL), posteriorly linear IV-nE 4''' (D), posteriorly linear IV-nE 5''' (RDR), posteriorly linear IV-nE 6''' (VR); 2 antapicals partiform, V 1'''' (VL), and VI 2'''' polar or displaced towards R; sulcus partite, level to shallowly indented, comprising steno as, small rs and ls, large omegaform ps bulging into 2''''; archeopyle epicystal, PR + 1' + 2' + 3' + 4' + 1a + 2a + 3a + 1'' + 2'' + 3'' + 4'' + 5'' + 6'' + 7''; operculum secate, foederate (partim) and solvate (partim), general opercular formula (PR + 1' + 2' + 3' + 4' + 1a + 2a + 3a + 4a)s + 1''s + 2''s + 3''s + 4''s + 5''s + 6''s + 7''s.
Originally (and now) Mancodinium, subsequently Dapcodinium. Dörhöfer and Davies, 1980, transferred this species to Dapcodinium Evitt, 1961. Lentin and Williams, 1985, retained the species in Mancodinium.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Parvulodinium penitabulatum, according to Prauss (1989, p.25).
Holotype: Morgenroth, 1970, pl. 12, fig. 3
Locus typicus: Canal Hildesheim, E of Luehnde, Germany
Stratum typicum: Late Pliensbachian
Translation Below, 1987: Translation Bureau, Secretary of State Canada, 1988
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Mancodinium semitabulatum Morgenroth, 1970, emend. Below, 1987b. According to Below (1987B, p.23), this species has a wall composed of pedium and prismatic rigid luxuria: surface shagreenate, graular, ornamentation consisting of short gemmae or tubercles arranged in peniareate rows or intraareate groups. Sometimes see weak parasutures. Has four small apicals, four anterior intercalaries, 7 precingulars. Archeopyle epicystal, operculum secate, foederate in part and solvate in part. Morgenroth (1970) described it as having an ovoid test, with epitract slightly shorter than hypotract. Wall thin, surface of test granular, rarely areolated. Test irregularly covered with very short massive spines, which are commonly capitate distally. Reflected tabulation 4', 4a, 7", 0c, c”’, 0p, 0"”. Sutures between plates on epitract marked by absence of granulations. A laevorotarory cingulum and sulcus sometimes indicated by slight intrusions into the wall. Apical horn short, distally expanded. The archeopyle is formed by the loss of a free operculum composed of all plates on the epitract. The operculum is divided into eight pieces. One opercular piece consists of the four apical and four anterior intercalary plates. After this rupture has taken place the seven precingular plates are discarded. Size: length of test 39-46 µm, width 30-44 µm, length of apical horn 3-5 µm, length of spines 1-2 µm.
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Original description: Morgenroth, 1970, p. 352-353.
Diagnosis: Test ovoidal; epitract slightly shorter than hypotract. Wall thin; surface of test granular, rarely areolated. Test irregularly covered with very short massive spines, which are commonly capitate distally. Reflected tabulation: 4', 4a, 7'', 0c, 0''', 0p, 0''''. Sutures between plate equivalents on epitract marked by absence of granulation. A laevo-rotatory cingulum and a sulcus are sometimes indicated by slight intrusions into the wall. Apical horn short, distally expanded.
Dimensions: Holotype: breadth of test 39 µm. Cotype: length 43 µm, breadth 35 µm. Range: length 39(43)46 µm, breadth 30(38)44 µm. Length of apical horn: 3-5 µm. 35 specimens measured.
Description: The wall of the ovoidal test is about 1 µm thick. Its surface is normally clearly granular, but on two specimens it is areolated. The test of most of the specimens is more or less densely covered with 1-2 µm high massive spines which are commonly flattened distally. These spines sometimes give the impression of being arranged in loose 'groups'. However, the position of these 'groups' on the hypotract shows no pattern which could indicate a reflected tabulation. The thin sutures between the plates of the epitract are free of granulation and spines. Four apical plates are reflected (pl. 12, fig. 3, 4). Plate 1' is elongate and occupies the anterior prolongation of the sulcus. Plates 2' and 4' seem to be pentagonal, while plate 3' seems to be septagonal in shape. Plate 3' carries a small apical horn, which is expanded distally. Between the seven pentagonal precingular plates and the apical plates, four pentagonal anterior intercalary plates are reflected (pl. 12, fig. 3, 4). On some of specimens a slight intrusion into the wall below the precingular plates indicates an undivided laevo-rotatory cingulum. A sulcus is commonly indicated by a ventral intrusion which is more strongly developed on the hypotract (pl. 12, fig. 3, pl. 13, fig. 4). None of the specimens available shows traces of a reflected tabulation on the hypotract. The archeopyle is formed by the loss of a free operculum composed of all plates reflected on the epitract. The operculum is divided into eight pieces. A rupture directly above the precingular plates separates one opercular piece consisting of the four apical and four anteriorly intercalary plates (pl. 12, fig. 3-6; pl. 13, fig. 1). After this rupture has taken place the seven precingular plates are discarded separately (pl. 12, fig. 3, 6). From most of the specimens, only isolated hypotracts have been found. Only exceptionally some precingular plates, still loosely connected with the hypotract, have been observed (pl. 13, fig. 2, 4).
Emended description: Below, 1987b, p. 23-27:
Arrangement of vesicles/plates of the dinoflagellate amphiesma PR, 4', 4a, 7'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM subdivided into several periflagellar areae, ls, rs, ps; pentagonal 1'''' and hexagonal 2'''' partiform, omegaform ps very large; primtegulate epithecal series connected sinistrally with as; growth of thecal plates peridinoidal. Cyst habit proximate, acavate, ovaloidal, epicyst shorter than hypocyst, apically rounded, indistinctly acuminate, or with short apical horn, antapex rounded or asymmetrical with rather dextral apical bulge, equatorial section circular or slightly oval, maximal diameter at the posterior cingular margin; wall composed of pedium and prismatic, rigid luxuria; surface shagreenate, granular, ornamentation consisting of short gemmae or tubercles arranged in peniareate rows or intraareate groups, seldom diffusely scattered; areation marked by sometimes weakly indented limbi free of ornament, narrow finate grooves without luxuria, and primary archeopyle sutures; areation formula NR, PR/cop, pop, NR'/4', NRa/4a, NR''/7'', NRc/7c, NR'''/6''', NR''''/1'''', NRs/as, FM, ls, rs, ps; PR unstructured or cop in the form of a horseshoe-shaped bulge moiunted on the apex of the apical protuberance or horn, pop a closed or U-shaped bulge (open ventrally) around cop slightly to the posterior; four small apicals arranged in a symmetrical cloverleaf pattern around PR, steno VI 1' (V), VII 2' (VL), deltaform linteloid 3' (D), VI 4' (VR); four anterior intercalaries, caroidal 1a (DL), fastigiate 2a (DDL), deltaform inverse-camerate 3a (DDR), deltaform inverse-camerate 4a (RDR); 7 precingulars of uniform size, anteriorly geniculate V-nE 1'' (VL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 2'' (LDL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 3'' (DDL), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 4'' (D), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 5'' (DR) or finis 4''/5'' dorsal, anteriorly geniculate V-nE 6'' (RVR), anteriorly geniculate V-nE 7'' (VVR); cingulum broad, level, or indented, helicoid laevorotatory, heptapartite, lati 1c to 6c, iso 7c; 6 postcingulars, posteriorly linear V-nE 1''' (VVL), posteriorly linear IV-nE 2''' (VL), posteriorly geniculate V-nE 3''' (DL), posteriorly linear IV-nE 4''' (D), posteriorly linear IV-nE 5''' (RDR), posteriorly linear IV-nE 6''' (VR); 2 antapicals partiform, V 1'''' (VL), and VI 2'''' polar or displaced towards R; sulcus partite, level to shallowly indented, comprising steno as, small rs and ls, large omegaform ps bulging into 2''''; archeopyle epicystal, PR + 1' + 2' + 3' + 4' + 1a + 2a + 3a + 1'' + 2'' + 3'' + 4'' + 5'' + 6'' + 7''; operculum secate, foederate (partim) and solvate (partim), general opercular formula (PR + 1' + 2' + 3' + 4' + 1a + 2a + 3a + 4a)s + 1''s + 2''s + 3''s + 4''s + 5''s + 6''s + 7''s.