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Lingulodinium pycnospinosum
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Lingulodinium pycnospinosum (Benedek, 1972, p.32, pl.12, fig.14) Stover and Evitt, 1978, p.172. Emendation: Benedek and Sarjeant, 1981, p.343–344, as Lingulodinium pycnospinosum. Holotype: Benedek, 1972, pl.12, fig.14; Benedek and Sarjeant, 1981, fig.10, no.1. Originally Impletosphaeridium, subsequently Lingulodinium?, thirdly (and now) Lingulodinium. Questionable assignment: Stover and Evitt (1978, p.172) — however, Benedek and Sarjeant (1981, p.343) retained the species in Lingulodinium without question. Stover and Evitt (1978, p.172) considered Hystrichosphaeridium (as Lingulodinium) machaerophorum to be a possible taxonomic senior synonym of this species. Age: middle–Late Oligocene.
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Paratypes: Benedek, 1972
Age: Middle-Late Oligocene
Original diagnosis: [Benedek, 1972] (translated from German):
Impletosphaeridium pycnospinosum n. sp.
1971b: Impletosphaeridium sp. - Jux, p. 170, pl. 27, figs. 15-22, fig. 3b.
Derivatio nominis: pycnospinosum gr. = densely spined.
Paratypes: 335/82, 293/82.
Holotype: The specimen preserved in specimen 859/89 and illustrated on pl. 12, fig. 14.
Locus typicus: Tönisberg, Lower Rhine.
Stratum typicalum: Middle and Upper Oligocene.
Diagnosis: A spherical capsule whose numerous, distally pointed, massive processes are pierced by fine pores.
Remarks: According to electron microscopic examinations, the processes are traversed by numerous fine canals; the two-layered shell is dense on the inside and cavernous on the outside (U. JUX 1971).
Description: The spherical capsule has a thin, often light yellow, scarred membrane. Numerous very slender, seemingly hollow, and often slightly convoluted processes emerge from it. These are somewhat broader at the base and taper distally to pointed ends; due to the fine canals, they sometimes appear pearly. The capsule has a circular opening in the presumed apical region. These specimens occur together with the species Lingulodinium machaerophorum (DEFLANDRE & COOKSON 1955) in the Middle and Upper Oligocene of Tönisberg.
Comparison: According to light microscopy, the species is evidently Lingulodinium. Electron microscopy reveals further differences (cf. U. JUX 1971). machaerophorum, but differs from it in the more numerous and slender "pearled" processes.
Dimensions: Capsule 45μ (36μ/60μ), process length 10μ/22μ (10 measurements). Number of specimens examined: 12.
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Emended Diagnosis: Benedek and Sarjeant 1981, p. 343
Cyst spheroidal, skolochorate. Phragma surface granular. Processes non-tabular, of moderate length (around onethird of the cyst diameter) and in considerable number (over 200). Processes hollow and perforated by pores, giving them a beaded appearance. Archaeopyle precingular, formed by the loss of two or more paraplates (Type 2P - tP).
Dimensions: Holotype (in oblique apical view): greatest diameter 42 µm, length of processes 20-22 µm. Range of dimensions: greatest diameter 36-60 µm (mean 45 µm), length of processes 10-22 µm.
Lingulodinium pycnospinosum (Benedek, 1972, p.32, pl.12, fig.14) Stover and Evitt, 1978, p.172. Emendation: Benedek and Sarjeant, 1981, p.343–344, as Lingulodinium pycnospinosum. Holotype: Benedek, 1972, pl.12, fig.14; Benedek and Sarjeant, 1981, fig.10, no.1. Originally Impletosphaeridium, subsequently Lingulodinium?, thirdly (and now) Lingulodinium. Questionable assignment: Stover and Evitt (1978, p.172) — however, Benedek and Sarjeant (1981, p.343) retained the species in Lingulodinium without question. Stover and Evitt (1978, p.172) considered Hystrichosphaeridium (as Lingulodinium) machaerophorum to be a possible taxonomic senior synonym of this species. Age: middle–Late Oligocene.
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Paratypes: Benedek, 1972
Age: Middle-Late Oligocene
Original diagnosis: [Benedek, 1972] (translated from German):
Impletosphaeridium pycnospinosum n. sp.
1971b: Impletosphaeridium sp. - Jux, p. 170, pl. 27, figs. 15-22, fig. 3b.
Derivatio nominis: pycnospinosum gr. = densely spined.
Paratypes: 335/82, 293/82.
Holotype: The specimen preserved in specimen 859/89 and illustrated on pl. 12, fig. 14.
Locus typicus: Tönisberg, Lower Rhine.
Stratum typicalum: Middle and Upper Oligocene.
Diagnosis: A spherical capsule whose numerous, distally pointed, massive processes are pierced by fine pores.
Remarks: According to electron microscopic examinations, the processes are traversed by numerous fine canals; the two-layered shell is dense on the inside and cavernous on the outside (U. JUX 1971).
Description: The spherical capsule has a thin, often light yellow, scarred membrane. Numerous very slender, seemingly hollow, and often slightly convoluted processes emerge from it. These are somewhat broader at the base and taper distally to pointed ends; due to the fine canals, they sometimes appear pearly. The capsule has a circular opening in the presumed apical region. These specimens occur together with the species Lingulodinium machaerophorum (DEFLANDRE & COOKSON 1955) in the Middle and Upper Oligocene of Tönisberg.
Comparison: According to light microscopy, the species is evidently Lingulodinium. Electron microscopy reveals further differences (cf. U. JUX 1971). machaerophorum, but differs from it in the more numerous and slender "pearled" processes.
Dimensions: Capsule 45μ (36μ/60μ), process length 10μ/22μ (10 measurements). Number of specimens examined: 12.
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Emended Diagnosis: Benedek and Sarjeant 1981, p. 343
Cyst spheroidal, skolochorate. Phragma surface granular. Processes non-tabular, of moderate length (around onethird of the cyst diameter) and in considerable number (over 200). Processes hollow and perforated by pores, giving them a beaded appearance. Archaeopyle precingular, formed by the loss of two or more paraplates (Type 2P - tP).
Dimensions: Holotype (in oblique apical view): greatest diameter 42 µm, length of processes 20-22 µm. Range of dimensions: greatest diameter 36-60 µm (mean 45 µm), length of processes 10-22 µm.