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Lotharingia maubeugii
Lotharingia *maubeugii Below, 1990, p.21-23, pl.4, figs.10-18; text-figs.5a-g.
Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.405), this name is validly published. Below (1987a, p.6) stated that, unless otherwise indicated, all the material is in his personal collection. Since Below (1987a, 1987b, 1990) are parts I to III of a single study, we agree with J. Jansonius (personal communication) that Below's (1987a) repository statement refers to all three publications, fulfilling the requirement of I.C.N. Article 40.7 (see also the discussion on Article 40.7 in the Introduction).
This name was not validly published in Below (1987a, p.57), who did not provide a description; Below (1987a, caption to pl.26, fig.d) cited the name as Saxodinium maubeugii.
Holotype: Below, 1990, pl.4, figs.11,13.
Age: Toarcian.
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Original description (Below, 1990) (translated from German):
Lotharingia maubeugeii n. gen. n. sp.
Plate 4, Figs. 10-18; Fig. 5
Derivatio nominis: in honor of Prof. P. L. Maubeuge, researcher of Jurassic stratigraphy.
Holotype: Specimen S1-1284(K1)13/10 (Plate 4, Figs. 11, 13).
Typical location: Fécocourt, north of Nancy, ravine at the southern exit of the town.
Typical stratum: Base of the Toarcian, ?tenuicostatum zone.
Description:
Vesicle/plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate Amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 4, 6'', 7c, 6'", 2''", as, FM, Is, rs, ps; 1' metasert; Tegulation 4*, 0**, 5***, 2****, 7c, 4(*), 4(**), 3(***); growth of thecal plates in a gonyaulocoid manner;
Zygote cyst habitus proximate, acavate, spheroidal, ovoid, tholiform or semispheroidal epicyst smaller than hypocyst, dextral and sinistral epicyst halves almost mirror symmetrical, apex rounded or with a small bulge, hypocyst semispheroidal, antapex rounded, maximum diameter at the posterior cingulum margin; wall composed of a thin pedium and densely granulated luxuria, surface in the center of the cingulum and sulcus, however, often smooth, trichocyst pores reflected as low rings, finis recognizable as very fine double rows or double ridges of granules, areate to nonarcate; Arranging scheme XPR, NR'/4', NR''/6'', Xc/7c, NR"'/6'", NR'"'/2"", Xs; PR undifferentiated; 4 Apical: small steno V1' (V) metasert, VII2' (L), VI3' (D) without contact to PR, VII4' (R); 6 Precingular: anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2" (L), anterior linear IV-nE 3" (DLL), anterior linear IV-nE 4" (DR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5" (R), anterior geniculate V-nE 6" (VVR); Cingulum left-handed spiral, shallowly depressed, heptapartite with lati 1c to 6c and isofastigiate 7c; 6 Postcingulates: posterior linear III-nE1'" (VVL), posterior linear IV-nE2'" (LVL), posterior geniculate V-nE3'" (LDL), posterior linear IV-nE4'" (D), posterior linear IV-nE5'" (RDR), posterior linear IV-nE6'" (VVR); 2 antapics: v1''" to VL, hexagonal 2''" poleward or slightly sloping to R; sulcus slightly depressed, partite, VIas, FM oval, Is and rs rarely finate, posterior sulcal ps concave to 2""; archaeopyle praecingular, 2'' + 3'' + 4" + 5"; operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 2''(s), + 3''(s), + 4''(s) + 5''(s).
Dimensions of the holotype:
Width 39 µm, thickness 39 µm.
Note:
The areation pattern differs only slightly from the arrangement and shape of the areas determined for Saxodinium mnoorbergense n.gen. n.sp. The cingulum and central region of the sulcus are clearly divided. However, completely areate specimens are rare, and the fins are usually undeveloped. Thus, areation is often observed on the epicyst, whereas it is absent on the hypocyst. Completely nonareate specimens are also common, so that only the archaeopylar sutures allow conclusions to be drawn about the areation. The fins are developed as double rows. Both rows are equally strong or unequal. Unequal thickness of the double rows can be used to reconstruct the overlap of thecal plates. The stronger ridge reflects the edge of the overlapping plate, while the delicate ridge reflects the Edge of the overlapped plate. However, the overlap pattern can be determined more reliably than with this feature using the trichocyst pores reflected as ring-shaped surface ornaments. The rings occur as groups, in the narrow cingulates also in rows, in the center of the area (3'") or in area corners (1''/2''/c; 2''/3''/c, 4''/3''/c, 5''/4"/c, 2'/2"/3', 3'/2''/3"/4", 4'/3'/5", 1'"/1''/2'", 1""/2""/3'"/2'", 2""/5'"/4'"/3'") or immediately adjacent to a finis (2''/3'", 4"'/3"', 5'"/4'", 6'"/5""). They are surrounded on all sides or on three or two sides by limbate zones without Surrounded by ornaments. The reflected trichocyst pore group indicates the dimensions of the juvenile cellulose plate, while the stripes without reflected trichocyst pores correspond to the growth streaks. The arrangement of the growth streaks shows that the growth of the thecal plates occurred only at the overlapping plate edges. Complex relationships prevail in the adcingular region. Within the cingulum, the reflected trichocyst pores are frequent and strong at the posterior margin, and rare and very delicate at the anterior margin. The six postcingular areas all border the cingulum with limbi. This means that the cingulum was overlapped by the posterior ring of plates. The precingular areas, however, lack limbi against the cingulum. Reflected trichocyst pores on the precingular and cingular areas border directly on the anterior cingulum margin on both sides, i.e., the precingular and cingular plates of theca abutted against each other without overlap. Tegulation scheme is:
R2*, R1*, F*, L1*
(5") (4") (3") (2")
R2***, R1***, F***, L1***, L2***
(6") (4') (3') (2') (1")
F****, RL1****
(1') (as)
R4c, R3c, R2c, R1c, Fc, L1c, L2c
(7c) (6c) (5c), (4c) (3c) (2c) (1c)
R2(*), R1(*), F(*), L1(*)
(5"') (4"') (3"') (2"')
R1(**), F(**), L1(**), L2(**)
(6"') (2"') (1"') (1"')
R1(***), F(***), L1(***)
(rs) (ps) (ls)
Evidence:
Samples 1284, 1805.
Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.405), this name is validly published. Below (1987a, p.6) stated that, unless otherwise indicated, all the material is in his personal collection. Since Below (1987a, 1987b, 1990) are parts I to III of a single study, we agree with J. Jansonius (personal communication) that Below's (1987a) repository statement refers to all three publications, fulfilling the requirement of I.C.N. Article 40.7 (see also the discussion on Article 40.7 in the Introduction).
This name was not validly published in Below (1987a, p.57), who did not provide a description; Below (1987a, caption to pl.26, fig.d) cited the name as Saxodinium maubeugii.
Holotype: Below, 1990, pl.4, figs.11,13.
Age: Toarcian.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description (Below, 1990) (translated from German):
Lotharingia maubeugeii n. gen. n. sp.
Plate 4, Figs. 10-18; Fig. 5
Derivatio nominis: in honor of Prof. P. L. Maubeuge, researcher of Jurassic stratigraphy.
Holotype: Specimen S1-1284(K1)13/10 (Plate 4, Figs. 11, 13).
Typical location: Fécocourt, north of Nancy, ravine at the southern exit of the town.
Typical stratum: Base of the Toarcian, ?tenuicostatum zone.
Description:
Vesicle/plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate Amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 4, 6'', 7c, 6'", 2''", as, FM, Is, rs, ps; 1' metasert; Tegulation 4*, 0**, 5***, 2****, 7c, 4(*), 4(**), 3(***); growth of thecal plates in a gonyaulocoid manner;
Zygote cyst habitus proximate, acavate, spheroidal, ovoid, tholiform or semispheroidal epicyst smaller than hypocyst, dextral and sinistral epicyst halves almost mirror symmetrical, apex rounded or with a small bulge, hypocyst semispheroidal, antapex rounded, maximum diameter at the posterior cingulum margin; wall composed of a thin pedium and densely granulated luxuria, surface in the center of the cingulum and sulcus, however, often smooth, trichocyst pores reflected as low rings, finis recognizable as very fine double rows or double ridges of granules, areate to nonarcate; Arranging scheme XPR, NR'/4', NR''/6'', Xc/7c, NR"'/6'", NR'"'/2"", Xs; PR undifferentiated; 4 Apical: small steno V1' (V) metasert, VII2' (L), VI3' (D) without contact to PR, VII4' (R); 6 Precingular: anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2" (L), anterior linear IV-nE 3" (DLL), anterior linear IV-nE 4" (DR), anterior geniculate V-nE 5" (R), anterior geniculate V-nE 6" (VVR); Cingulum left-handed spiral, shallowly depressed, heptapartite with lati 1c to 6c and isofastigiate 7c; 6 Postcingulates: posterior linear III-nE1'" (VVL), posterior linear IV-nE2'" (LVL), posterior geniculate V-nE3'" (LDL), posterior linear IV-nE4'" (D), posterior linear IV-nE5'" (RDR), posterior linear IV-nE6'" (VVR); 2 antapics: v1''" to VL, hexagonal 2''" poleward or slightly sloping to R; sulcus slightly depressed, partite, VIas, FM oval, Is and rs rarely finate, posterior sulcal ps concave to 2""; archaeopyle praecingular, 2'' + 3'' + 4" + 5"; operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 2''(s), + 3''(s), + 4''(s) + 5''(s).
Dimensions of the holotype:
Width 39 µm, thickness 39 µm.
Note:
The areation pattern differs only slightly from the arrangement and shape of the areas determined for Saxodinium mnoorbergense n.gen. n.sp. The cingulum and central region of the sulcus are clearly divided. However, completely areate specimens are rare, and the fins are usually undeveloped. Thus, areation is often observed on the epicyst, whereas it is absent on the hypocyst. Completely nonareate specimens are also common, so that only the archaeopylar sutures allow conclusions to be drawn about the areation. The fins are developed as double rows. Both rows are equally strong or unequal. Unequal thickness of the double rows can be used to reconstruct the overlap of thecal plates. The stronger ridge reflects the edge of the overlapping plate, while the delicate ridge reflects the Edge of the overlapped plate. However, the overlap pattern can be determined more reliably than with this feature using the trichocyst pores reflected as ring-shaped surface ornaments. The rings occur as groups, in the narrow cingulates also in rows, in the center of the area (3'") or in area corners (1''/2''/c; 2''/3''/c, 4''/3''/c, 5''/4"/c, 2'/2"/3', 3'/2''/3"/4", 4'/3'/5", 1'"/1''/2'", 1""/2""/3'"/2'", 2""/5'"/4'"/3'") or immediately adjacent to a finis (2''/3'", 4"'/3"', 5'"/4'", 6'"/5""). They are surrounded on all sides or on three or two sides by limbate zones without Surrounded by ornaments. The reflected trichocyst pore group indicates the dimensions of the juvenile cellulose plate, while the stripes without reflected trichocyst pores correspond to the growth streaks. The arrangement of the growth streaks shows that the growth of the thecal plates occurred only at the overlapping plate edges. Complex relationships prevail in the adcingular region. Within the cingulum, the reflected trichocyst pores are frequent and strong at the posterior margin, and rare and very delicate at the anterior margin. The six postcingular areas all border the cingulum with limbi. This means that the cingulum was overlapped by the posterior ring of plates. The precingular areas, however, lack limbi against the cingulum. Reflected trichocyst pores on the precingular and cingular areas border directly on the anterior cingulum margin on both sides, i.e., the precingular and cingular plates of theca abutted against each other without overlap. Tegulation scheme is:
R2*, R1*, F*, L1*
(5") (4") (3") (2")
R2***, R1***, F***, L1***, L2***
(6") (4') (3') (2') (1")
F****, RL1****
(1') (as)
R4c, R3c, R2c, R1c, Fc, L1c, L2c
(7c) (6c) (5c), (4c) (3c) (2c) (1c)
R2(*), R1(*), F(*), L1(*)
(5"') (4"') (3"') (2"')
R1(**), F(**), L1(**), L2(**)
(6"') (2"') (1"') (1"')
R1(***), F(***), L1(***)
(rs) (ps) (ls)
Evidence:
Samples 1284, 1805.