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Andalusiella polymorpha ssp. punctata
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Andalusiella polymorpha ssp. punctata, (Jain and Millepied, 1973, p.29, pl.2, fig.24; pl.3, figs.26–28) Schrank, 1987, p.265.
Emendation: Masure et al., 1996, p.180–181, as Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata.
Holotype: Jain and Millepied, 1973, pl.3, fig.27.
NOW Andalusiella punctata.
Originally Palaeocystodinium punctatum, subsequently Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata, thirdly Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata (combination illegitimate), fourthy (and now) Andalusiella punctata.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Svalbardella (now Andalusiella) polymorpha, according to Lentin and Williams (1976, p.89) — however, Schrank (1987, p.265) retained this taxon as the subspecies Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Andalusiella mauthei, by implication in Masure et al. (1996, p.180), who considered Andaliusiella mauthei (illegitimately) to be the senior name — however, see discussion under Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata and Andalusiella punctate.
Age: Maastrichtian.
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Original description: [Jain and Millepied 1973, p. 29]:
Diagnosis:
Shell spindle-shaped, dorso-ventrally flattened, with two short appendages, one apical and one antapical;
Antapical horn divided into a another short horn. Archeopyle trapezoidal below apical horn; periphragm micropunctate. Capsule large, filling completely periphragm cavity, endophragm smooth. Apical horn terminate into a dentate end on free side. No furrows seen. Archeopyle not observed in all specimens. Another thin membrane exterior to periphragm is present, seen only around horns. The size ratio between horn and central vesicle (H-V ratio) remains mostly 1:4.
Dimensions:
Holotype: Shell length 144 µm, breadth 65 µm; Capsule length 91 µm, breadth 65 µm; Apical horn-length 22.1 µm, breadth 9.1 µm; Antapical horns-length 31.2 µm, breadth 7.8 µm
Observed range: Shell length 140-150 µm, breadth 55-70 µm; Capsule length 95-97 µm, breadth 60-70 µm; Apical horn-length 22-23 µm, breadth 8-11 µm; Antapical horns-length 9-32 µm, breadth 4-8 µm.
Affinities/Comparison:
Palaeocystodinium punctatum sp. nov. compares only with P. benjaminii Drugg (1967) in having two antapical horns but differs readily in having no fiber or hairs on the apical horn and having dentate apex, micropunctate periphragm and third exterior layer.
Remarks:
The presence of two closely placed antapical horns and horn-vesicle ratio makes it difficult to place this species in Palaeocystodinium and the former evidence might permit the transfer of these forms under a new genus.
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Schrank 1987, p. 265:
Remarks:
A. polymorpha is a highly variable species that may be divided into several subspecies. LENTIN & WILLIAMS (1976, p. 89) considered Palaeocystodinium punctatum to be a junior synonym of Andalusiella polymorpha. This may be accepted, there are, however, minor morphologic differences which justify the retainment of the form punctata at least as a separate subspecies. A. p. punctata has only one antapical horn which is divided into another short horn immediately at its base. A. p. polymorpha has always two antapical horns which are situated at varying distances from each other (see MALLOY 1972, pl. 1, figs. 8-16, 21).
Andalusiella polymorpha (whole species), Palaeocystodinium gabonense STOVER & EVITT (1978, p. 115), Deflandrea spicata MAY (1980, p. 79, pl. 9 , figs. 18-20) and Svalbardella inflata RAUSCHER & DOUBINGER (1982, p. 104, pl. 1, figs. 13-17) form a group of closely related and integrating Campanian-Maastrichtian peridinioids. A. p. punctata represents the transition to P. gabonense and Deflandrea spicata.
Andalusiella polymorpha ssp. punctata, (Jain and Millepied, 1973, p.29, pl.2, fig.24; pl.3, figs.26–28) Schrank, 1987, p.265.
Emendation: Masure et al., 1996, p.180–181, as Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata.
Holotype: Jain and Millepied, 1973, pl.3, fig.27.
NOW Andalusiella punctata.
Originally Palaeocystodinium punctatum, subsequently Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata, thirdly Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata (combination illegitimate), fourthy (and now) Andalusiella punctata.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Svalbardella (now Andalusiella) polymorpha, according to Lentin and Williams (1976, p.89) — however, Schrank (1987, p.265) retained this taxon as the subspecies Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Andalusiella mauthei, by implication in Masure et al. (1996, p.180), who considered Andaliusiella mauthei (illegitimately) to be the senior name — however, see discussion under Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata and Andalusiella punctate.
Age: Maastrichtian.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Jain and Millepied 1973, p. 29]:
Diagnosis:
Shell spindle-shaped, dorso-ventrally flattened, with two short appendages, one apical and one antapical;
Antapical horn divided into a another short horn. Archeopyle trapezoidal below apical horn; periphragm micropunctate. Capsule large, filling completely periphragm cavity, endophragm smooth. Apical horn terminate into a dentate end on free side. No furrows seen. Archeopyle not observed in all specimens. Another thin membrane exterior to periphragm is present, seen only around horns. The size ratio between horn and central vesicle (H-V ratio) remains mostly 1:4.
Dimensions:
Holotype: Shell length 144 µm, breadth 65 µm; Capsule length 91 µm, breadth 65 µm; Apical horn-length 22.1 µm, breadth 9.1 µm; Antapical horns-length 31.2 µm, breadth 7.8 µm
Observed range: Shell length 140-150 µm, breadth 55-70 µm; Capsule length 95-97 µm, breadth 60-70 µm; Apical horn-length 22-23 µm, breadth 8-11 µm; Antapical horns-length 9-32 µm, breadth 4-8 µm.
Affinities/Comparison:
Palaeocystodinium punctatum sp. nov. compares only with P. benjaminii Drugg (1967) in having two antapical horns but differs readily in having no fiber or hairs on the apical horn and having dentate apex, micropunctate periphragm and third exterior layer.
Remarks:
The presence of two closely placed antapical horns and horn-vesicle ratio makes it difficult to place this species in Palaeocystodinium and the former evidence might permit the transfer of these forms under a new genus.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schrank 1987, p. 265:
Remarks:
A. polymorpha is a highly variable species that may be divided into several subspecies. LENTIN & WILLIAMS (1976, p. 89) considered Palaeocystodinium punctatum to be a junior synonym of Andalusiella polymorpha. This may be accepted, there are, however, minor morphologic differences which justify the retainment of the form punctata at least as a separate subspecies. A. p. punctata has only one antapical horn which is divided into another short horn immediately at its base. A. p. polymorpha has always two antapical horns which are situated at varying distances from each other (see MALLOY 1972, pl. 1, figs. 8-16, 21).
Andalusiella polymorpha (whole species), Palaeocystodinium gabonense STOVER & EVITT (1978, p. 115), Deflandrea spicata MAY (1980, p. 79, pl. 9 , figs. 18-20) and Svalbardella inflata RAUSCHER & DOUBINGER (1982, p. 104, pl. 1, figs. 13-17) form a group of closely related and integrating Campanian-Maastrichtian peridinioids. A. p. punctata represents the transition to P. gabonense and Deflandrea spicata.