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Mendicodinium robustum
Mendicodinium robustum Zevenboom and Santarelli in Zevenboom, 1995, p.159–160, pl.8, figs.10–12 ex Fensome et al., 2009, p.44.
The name was not validly published in Zevenboom (1995, p.159–160) since the author considered it a manuscript name.
Holotype: Zevenboom, 1995, pl.8, figs.10–12.
Age: latest middle Miocene–early late Miocene.
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Mendicodinium robustum Zevenboom and Santarelli in Zevenboom, 1995. Diagnosis from Zevenboom and Santarelli in Zevenboom(1995, p.159-160). This is a species of Mendicodinium characterized by a thick scabrate wall. There is a well-developed sulcal tab. The thick wall bears numerous sculptural elements 1-2 µm wide, which in some specimens fuse together forming a coarse reticulum. The cysts don’t always fully split into two halves. Size: length 80-90 µm, width 80-90 µm, wall thickness 5-6 µm.
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Original description (Zevenboom, 1995):
Mendicodinium reticulatum Zevenboom and Santarelli sp.nov. (manuscript name) (Plate VIII, 10-12)
1975 Hemicystodinium sp. Williams, plate 5, fig. 4. Williams and Brideaux.
1986 Mendicodinium sp. A, Wrenn and Kokinos, plate 4, fig. 3.
Manuscript holotype: Sample CP 3744, Sg. 78/1, Plate VIII, 10-12
Etymology: in reference to the thick-walled or ‘robust nature’ of the species
Type locality: Giammoia section, Sicily, Italy.
Type stratum: Upper Miocene
Diagnosis: A species of Mendicodinium characterized by a thick scabrate wall.
Dimensions: Height 80 (88) 90 µm; Width 80 (88) 90 µm; Wall thickness 5 (5.5) 6 µm. N = 30.
Description: A subspherical species of Mendicodinium caharacterized by a thick scabrate wall. No tabulation is indicated except for the sulcal tab, which in favorable orientated specimens is clearly visible. The thick wall v=bars numerous sculptural elements, 1-2 µm wide, which in some specimens fuse together forming a coarse reticulum. The cyst not always completely split into two halves.
Discussion: Mendicodinium robustumdiffers from the Jurssic speies Mendicodinium groenlandicum Pocock and Sarjeant, 1972, and Mendicodinium caperatum Brideaux, 1977, in boing thick walled. It is also the only representative of this genus in the Tertiary.
Occurrences: Grand banks (Williams and Brideaux, 1975), Gulf of Mexico (Wrenn and Kokinos, 1986) and Italy (this study).
Total stratigraphic range: Latest Middle Miocene to early Late Miocene (this study) Zevenboom and Versteegh (ms. In prep.) and Wrenn and Kokinos (1986) recorded specimens which can be attributed to M. robustum Zevenboom and Santarelli sp. nov. in the Pliocene, but we consider them to be reworked., see also Fig. 5
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The name was not validly published in Zevenboom (1995, p.159–160) since the author considered it a manuscript name.
Holotype: Zevenboom, 1995, pl.8, figs.10–12.
Age: latest middle Miocene–early late Miocene.
--------------------------------------------------
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Mendicodinium robustum Zevenboom and Santarelli in Zevenboom, 1995. Diagnosis from Zevenboom and Santarelli in Zevenboom(1995, p.159-160). This is a species of Mendicodinium characterized by a thick scabrate wall. There is a well-developed sulcal tab. The thick wall bears numerous sculptural elements 1-2 µm wide, which in some specimens fuse together forming a coarse reticulum. The cysts don’t always fully split into two halves. Size: length 80-90 µm, width 80-90 µm, wall thickness 5-6 µm.
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Original description (Zevenboom, 1995):
Mendicodinium reticulatum Zevenboom and Santarelli sp.nov. (manuscript name) (Plate VIII, 10-12)
1975 Hemicystodinium sp. Williams, plate 5, fig. 4. Williams and Brideaux.
1986 Mendicodinium sp. A, Wrenn and Kokinos, plate 4, fig. 3.
Manuscript holotype: Sample CP 3744, Sg. 78/1, Plate VIII, 10-12
Etymology: in reference to the thick-walled or ‘robust nature’ of the species
Type locality: Giammoia section, Sicily, Italy.
Type stratum: Upper Miocene
Diagnosis: A species of Mendicodinium characterized by a thick scabrate wall.
Dimensions: Height 80 (88) 90 µm; Width 80 (88) 90 µm; Wall thickness 5 (5.5) 6 µm. N = 30.
Description: A subspherical species of Mendicodinium caharacterized by a thick scabrate wall. No tabulation is indicated except for the sulcal tab, which in favorable orientated specimens is clearly visible. The thick wall v=bars numerous sculptural elements, 1-2 µm wide, which in some specimens fuse together forming a coarse reticulum. The cyst not always completely split into two halves.
Discussion: Mendicodinium robustumdiffers from the Jurssic speies Mendicodinium groenlandicum Pocock and Sarjeant, 1972, and Mendicodinium caperatum Brideaux, 1977, in boing thick walled. It is also the only representative of this genus in the Tertiary.
Occurrences: Grand banks (Williams and Brideaux, 1975), Gulf of Mexico (Wrenn and Kokinos, 1986) and Italy (this study).
Total stratigraphic range: Latest Middle Miocene to early Late Miocene (this study) Zevenboom and Versteegh (ms. In prep.) and Wrenn and Kokinos (1986) recorded specimens which can be attributed to M. robustum Zevenboom and Santarelli sp. nov. in the Pliocene, but we consider them to be reworked., see also Fig. 5
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