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Glaphyrocysta exuberans
Glaphyrocysta exuberans (Deflandre and Cookson, 1955, p.285 ex Eaton, 1976, p.255–256) Stover and Evitt, 1978, p.50. Emendation: Sarjeant, 1986, p.29–31, as Glaphyrocysta exuberans.
Originally Cyclonephelium, subsequently (and now) Glaphyrocysta.
The name Cyclonephelium exuberans was not validly published in Deflandre and Cookson (1955, p.255) since no description was provided or a direct reference to one (as required after 1952 by ICBN Article 32.3), and in Williams and Downie (1966c, p.225) since no holotype was designated. In originally proposing the name Cyclonephelium exuberans, Deflandre and Cookson (1955, p.285) included several specimens illustrated by Pastiels (1948, pl.5, figs.11–14) but did not designate a holotype. Contrary to the indication by Eaton (1976, p.256), this was not against ICBN rules in 1955, but was when Williams and Downie (1966c) used the name Cyclonephelium exuberans. Hence, Eaton (1976) was first to validate the name by providing a description and designating a holotype.
Holotype: Pastiels, 1948, pl.5, fig.11, 13 (as Membranilarnax pterospermopsis O.Wetzel, 1933) lost according to Sarjeant, 1986
Neotype: Eaton, 1976, pl.8, fig.2 designated by Sarjeant, 1986
Locus typicus (Holotype): Quenast, Belgium
Locus typicus (Neotype): Isle of Wight, S England
Stratum typicum (Holotype): Early Eocene (Early Ypresian)
Stratum typicum (Neotype): Early-Late Eocene
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Glaphyrocysta exuberans (Deflandre and Cookson, 1955) Stover and Evitt, 1978. According to Sarjeant (1986), has one or two unequally developed antapical horns. Low ridges connect the bases of some processes to form annulate or arcuate complexes. Processes of variable length, about 1/3rd of cyst diameter. Polar processes up to ½ of diameter. Processes ramify elaborately about halfway along, branches interconnected in mesh like fashion and distally forming a fenestrate, enclosing membrane. Size; overall length of holotype (minus operculum) 42 µm, length of central body (minus operculum) 31 µm, overall width 68 µm, width of central body 42 µm.
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Cookson and Eisnenack 1955, p. 285 remarks by Cyclonephelium gen. nov.
..........two species which Pastiels ( 1948) has placed in the genus Membranilarnax 0. Wetzel, also fall into the new genus Cyclonephelium. Pastiels' species are: Cyclonephelium exuberans sp. nov. syn. Membranilarnax pterospermoide s A. Pastiels 1948 non 0. Wetzel 1933; and Cyclonepllelium pastielsi sp. nov. syn. Membranilarnax cf. liradiscoides Pastiels 1948 non 0. Wetzel. Deflandre has examined Wetzel's types of Membranilarnax and, as 0. Wetzel has written, has clearly recognized in them the existence of a second, generally thin membrane which entirely surrounds the primary shell, to which it is attached by clearly defined processes. This character does not exist in the two forms described by Pastiels. Furthermore, the type of the species Memblanilarnax pterospermoides O. Wetzel (type species of the genus) has not at all the appearance of a Cyclonephelilium in spite of the indications given in the diagnosis that the majority of the processes are in the equatorial plane. Cyclonephelium is readily distinguished from M. pterospermoides by the flatness of its shell, the unornamented polar regions, and the localization of the ornamentation to the equator. The type of ornamentation itself approaches that of certain species of Hystrichosphhaeridium and Cannosphaeropsis.
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Williams and Downie 1966, p. 225 (in: Davey et al, 1966)
Cyclonephelium exuberans Deflandre and Cookson 1955
Text-fig. 6I
1948. Membranilarnax pterospermoides Pastiels: 46, pl. 5, figs. 11-14.
1955. Cyclonepilelium exuberans Deflandre & Cookson: 285
Discussion: C. exuberans has probably evolved from C. pastielsi, intermediate forms between the tuo being common. Specimens from the London Clav show the same variation in process distribution as C. pastielsi, some individuals lacking processes on plates 3" and 6", others having processes on all the precingular plates, although generally with feuer on 3" and 6" than on the others. The prominent sulcal notch lies to the right of the mid-ventral line. The surface of the central body is commonly granular.
Dimiensions: Range observed in London Clay: diameter of central body 56-85Á, length of processes up to 46Á. Number of specimens measured: 4.
Occurence: Eocene, London Clay; Whitecliff and Enborne; Eocene (Ypresian) of Belgium (Pastiels 1948).
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Diagnosis: Eaton, 1976, p. 255: Cyclonephelium exuberans
Cyst body dorsoventrally flattened with a smooth or finely granular surface. The circular or subcircular outline may be modified by the development of one or two antapical proturbances. Processes restricted to the peripheral zone of the cyst body; variable in breadth and simple or branched, distally complexly united by traberculae and areas of variably fenestrate membrane. No processes developed on reflected precingular plates 3'' and 6''. Archaeopyle apical, tetratabular.
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Emended description: Sarjeant, 1986, p. 30
Cyst lentieular, marginate and trabeculate. Ambitus spheroidal to ovoidal, but with one asymmetrieally situated or two symmetrieal but unequally developed antapical protuberanees. If one only is present, it is situated to the left of the antapical pole in ventral view. Surface of phragma with or without a fine reticulation. Low ridges connect the bases of some processes to form annular or arcuate eomplexes; other proeesses laek such connexion. Paratabulation not direetly indieated, though the presence of a cingulum may be indicated by alignment of processes or differences in surficial texture. Processes are lacking from the mid-ventral and middorsal regions, but well developed elsewhere on the cyst. They appear solid and eertainly are closed distally. Their length is variable, lateral processes having a length of around one-third of the cyst's equatorial diameter, polar proeesses approehing one-half of that diameter. The proeesses are broadbased, tapering rapidly just above that base and thereafter maintaining a uniform thiekness to about half their height? at which point they ramify elaborately, the branches being interconnected in meshlike fashion by short trabeculae before combinding to form an overall network of larger trabeculae that surrounds the periphery of the cyst. This trabecular network may indeed simulate a minutely but elaborately, fenestrate enclosing membrane. Occasionally, adjacent processes may exhibit also a trabecular connexion below half height; however, cysts seen in dorsal or ventral view characteristically have a spacious, open zone between the central body and the surrounding trabecular network. Archaeopyle apical (tA); sulcal notch and accessory sutures well marked. Operculum free or (rarely) attached.
Dimensions: Holotype: overall length (apex lacking) 42 µm Length of central body (apex lacking) 31 µm. Overall breadth 68 µm, breadth of central body 42 µm. Neotype: overall length (apex lacking) 102 µm, length of central body (apex lacking) 68 µm. Overall breadth 102 µm, breadth of central body 80 µm.
Originally Cyclonephelium, subsequently (and now) Glaphyrocysta.
The name Cyclonephelium exuberans was not validly published in Deflandre and Cookson (1955, p.255) since no description was provided or a direct reference to one (as required after 1952 by ICBN Article 32.3), and in Williams and Downie (1966c, p.225) since no holotype was designated. In originally proposing the name Cyclonephelium exuberans, Deflandre and Cookson (1955, p.285) included several specimens illustrated by Pastiels (1948, pl.5, figs.11–14) but did not designate a holotype. Contrary to the indication by Eaton (1976, p.256), this was not against ICBN rules in 1955, but was when Williams and Downie (1966c) used the name Cyclonephelium exuberans. Hence, Eaton (1976) was first to validate the name by providing a description and designating a holotype.
Holotype: Pastiels, 1948, pl.5, fig.11, 13 (as Membranilarnax pterospermopsis O.Wetzel, 1933) lost according to Sarjeant, 1986
Neotype: Eaton, 1976, pl.8, fig.2 designated by Sarjeant, 1986
Locus typicus (Holotype): Quenast, Belgium
Locus typicus (Neotype): Isle of Wight, S England
Stratum typicum (Holotype): Early Eocene (Early Ypresian)
Stratum typicum (Neotype): Early-Late Eocene
--------------------------------------------------
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Glaphyrocysta exuberans (Deflandre and Cookson, 1955) Stover and Evitt, 1978. According to Sarjeant (1986), has one or two unequally developed antapical horns. Low ridges connect the bases of some processes to form annulate or arcuate complexes. Processes of variable length, about 1/3rd of cyst diameter. Polar processes up to ½ of diameter. Processes ramify elaborately about halfway along, branches interconnected in mesh like fashion and distally forming a fenestrate, enclosing membrane. Size; overall length of holotype (minus operculum) 42 µm, length of central body (minus operculum) 31 µm, overall width 68 µm, width of central body 42 µm.
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Cookson and Eisnenack 1955, p. 285 remarks by Cyclonephelium gen. nov.
..........two species which Pastiels ( 1948) has placed in the genus Membranilarnax 0. Wetzel, also fall into the new genus Cyclonephelium. Pastiels' species are: Cyclonephelium exuberans sp. nov. syn. Membranilarnax pterospermoide s A. Pastiels 1948 non 0. Wetzel 1933; and Cyclonepllelium pastielsi sp. nov. syn. Membranilarnax cf. liradiscoides Pastiels 1948 non 0. Wetzel. Deflandre has examined Wetzel's types of Membranilarnax and, as 0. Wetzel has written, has clearly recognized in them the existence of a second, generally thin membrane which entirely surrounds the primary shell, to which it is attached by clearly defined processes. This character does not exist in the two forms described by Pastiels. Furthermore, the type of the species Memblanilarnax pterospermoides O. Wetzel (type species of the genus) has not at all the appearance of a Cyclonephelilium in spite of the indications given in the diagnosis that the majority of the processes are in the equatorial plane. Cyclonephelium is readily distinguished from M. pterospermoides by the flatness of its shell, the unornamented polar regions, and the localization of the ornamentation to the equator. The type of ornamentation itself approaches that of certain species of Hystrichosphhaeridium and Cannosphaeropsis.
-----------------------------------------
Williams and Downie 1966, p. 225 (in: Davey et al, 1966)
Cyclonephelium exuberans Deflandre and Cookson 1955
Text-fig. 6I
1948. Membranilarnax pterospermoides Pastiels: 46, pl. 5, figs. 11-14.
1955. Cyclonepilelium exuberans Deflandre & Cookson: 285
Discussion: C. exuberans has probably evolved from C. pastielsi, intermediate forms between the tuo being common. Specimens from the London Clav show the same variation in process distribution as C. pastielsi, some individuals lacking processes on plates 3" and 6", others having processes on all the precingular plates, although generally with feuer on 3" and 6" than on the others. The prominent sulcal notch lies to the right of the mid-ventral line. The surface of the central body is commonly granular.
Dimiensions: Range observed in London Clay: diameter of central body 56-85Á, length of processes up to 46Á. Number of specimens measured: 4.
Occurence: Eocene, London Clay; Whitecliff and Enborne; Eocene (Ypresian) of Belgium (Pastiels 1948).
------------------------------------
Diagnosis: Eaton, 1976, p. 255: Cyclonephelium exuberans
Cyst body dorsoventrally flattened with a smooth or finely granular surface. The circular or subcircular outline may be modified by the development of one or two antapical proturbances. Processes restricted to the peripheral zone of the cyst body; variable in breadth and simple or branched, distally complexly united by traberculae and areas of variably fenestrate membrane. No processes developed on reflected precingular plates 3'' and 6''. Archaeopyle apical, tetratabular.
------------------------------------
Emended description: Sarjeant, 1986, p. 30
Cyst lentieular, marginate and trabeculate. Ambitus spheroidal to ovoidal, but with one asymmetrieally situated or two symmetrieal but unequally developed antapical protuberanees. If one only is present, it is situated to the left of the antapical pole in ventral view. Surface of phragma with or without a fine reticulation. Low ridges connect the bases of some processes to form annular or arcuate eomplexes; other proeesses laek such connexion. Paratabulation not direetly indieated, though the presence of a cingulum may be indicated by alignment of processes or differences in surficial texture. Processes are lacking from the mid-ventral and middorsal regions, but well developed elsewhere on the cyst. They appear solid and eertainly are closed distally. Their length is variable, lateral processes having a length of around one-third of the cyst's equatorial diameter, polar proeesses approehing one-half of that diameter. The proeesses are broadbased, tapering rapidly just above that base and thereafter maintaining a uniform thiekness to about half their height? at which point they ramify elaborately, the branches being interconnected in meshlike fashion by short trabeculae before combinding to form an overall network of larger trabeculae that surrounds the periphery of the cyst. This trabecular network may indeed simulate a minutely but elaborately, fenestrate enclosing membrane. Occasionally, adjacent processes may exhibit also a trabecular connexion below half height; however, cysts seen in dorsal or ventral view characteristically have a spacious, open zone between the central body and the surrounding trabecular network. Archaeopyle apical (tA); sulcal notch and accessory sutures well marked. Operculum free or (rarely) attached.
Dimensions: Holotype: overall length (apex lacking) 42 µm Length of central body (apex lacking) 31 µm. Overall breadth 68 µm, breadth of central body 42 µm. Neotype: overall length (apex lacking) 102 µm, length of central body (apex lacking) 68 µm. Overall breadth 102 µm, breadth of central body 80 µm.