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Wervekodinium granulatum
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Wervekodinium granulatum Below, 1990
Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.670), this name is validly published.
Below (1987a, p.6) stated that, unless otherwise indicated, all the material is in his personal collection. Since Below (1987a, 1987b, 1990) are parts I to III of a single study, we agree with J. Jansonius (personal communication) that Below's (1987a) repository statement refers to all three publications, fulfilling the requirement of I.C.N. Article 40.7 (see also the discussion on Article 40.7 in the Introduction).
Holotype: Below, 1990, pl.16, figs.9-10,13
Age: Toarcian
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Original description (Below, 1990) (translated from German):
Wervekodinium granulatum n. gen. n. sp.
Plate 16, Figs. 7-17; Fig. 24
Derivio nominis: granum (Latin subst.) = grain, used to characterize the surface elements.
Holotype: Specimen S1-1284(K1)1/13 (Plate 16, Figs. 9, 10, 13).
Typical locus: Fécocourt, Lorraine.
Typical stratum: Toarcian base.
Description:
Vesicle/plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate Amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3', 3a, 7", 7c, 6, 2, as, FM, ls, rs, ps, 1' insert, pentagonal 1"" and hexagonal 2'"' partiform, omega-shaped ps very large; tegulation ?5*, ?3**, ?4***, 2****, 7c, 4(*), 4(**), 3(***); mode of thecal plate growth unknown;
Zygote cyst habitus proximal, teardrop-shaped, ovaloid, also rounded polyhedral, epicyst pyramidal to tentoriate with a broad-based, short, pyramidal apical horn, hypocyst semi-ovaloid to rounded steeply conical, antapex rounded; Wall made of thin pedium and luxuria made of more or less densely arranged, partly intergrown granules, these are evenly distributed or particularly densely arranged, accordingly the thecal tabulation is not or only partially reflected by areation; Arranging formula NR PR/cop, pop, cap, NR'/3', 1a(arch), 2a(arch), 3a(arch)/3a, NR"/7", NRc/7c, NR'"/6'", NR'"'/2"", NRs/as, FM, Is, rs, ps; PR undifferentiated or as a prominent crown of the apical horn made of pin-shaped cop, which is surrounded by pop in a ring; 3 apicals: steno VI 1' (V), VIII 2' (L), VIII 3' (R); 3 anterior intercalaries: small caroid 1a (DL), large hepta 2a (D), small caroid 3a (RDR); 7 precingulates: anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2" (L), anterior geniculate V-nE 3'' (DDL), anterior linear IV-nE 4" (D), anterior geniculate V-nE 5" (DR), anterior geniculate V-nE 6'' (RVR), anterior geniculate V-nE 7" (VVR); cingulum left-handed spiral, heptapartite, lati 1c to 6c, isofastigiate 7c; 6 postcingulate: posterior linear VI-nE 1'" (VVL), posterior linear IV-nE 2'" (L), posterior geniculate V-nE 3'" (DL), posterior linear IV-nE 4'" (D), posterior linear IV-nE 5'" (RDR), posterior linear V-nE 6'" (VR); 2 antapics: partiform, 1" to VL, 2" to R; sulcus flat: partiform from Vlas, VII FM, smaller IV ls, smaller Vrs, large omega-shaped VIps; anterior intercalary archacopyle, 1a + 2a + 3a;
Operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 1a(s) + 2a(s) + 3a(s).
Dimensions: Length 53 µm, width 40 µm, thickness 39 µm.
Note:
The areation is only vaguely recognizable in a few specimens of the present species, and even then only vaguely, with the granules clustered along the fins and sparse intraarea. The even distribution of the granules makes the areation impossible to recognize. However, it is clearly visible in specimen S2-1279(K1)1/5 (pl.). 16, ig. 7, 17) whose granulation is very much reduced. The areas of this slightly polyhedral cyst are bordered by low carinae. The luxuria does not form a continuous layer lying on the pedium. It merely forms the granules or tubercles, which are usually dispersed on the pedium and whose surface becomes visible between the ornaments.
Identification:
Specimens 1279, 1284.
Wervekodinium granulatum Below, 1990
Contrary to the opinion of Lentin and Williams (1993, p.670), this name is validly published.
Below (1987a, p.6) stated that, unless otherwise indicated, all the material is in his personal collection. Since Below (1987a, 1987b, 1990) are parts I to III of a single study, we agree with J. Jansonius (personal communication) that Below's (1987a) repository statement refers to all three publications, fulfilling the requirement of I.C.N. Article 40.7 (see also the discussion on Article 40.7 in the Introduction).
Holotype: Below, 1990, pl.16, figs.9-10,13
Age: Toarcian
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description (Below, 1990) (translated from German):
Wervekodinium granulatum n. gen. n. sp.
Plate 16, Figs. 7-17; Fig. 24
Derivio nominis: granum (Latin subst.) = grain, used to characterize the surface elements.
Holotype: Specimen S1-1284(K1)1/13 (Plate 16, Figs. 9, 10, 13).
Typical locus: Fécocourt, Lorraine.
Typical stratum: Toarcian base.
Description:
Vesicle/plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate Amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3', 3a, 7", 7c, 6, 2, as, FM, ls, rs, ps, 1' insert, pentagonal 1"" and hexagonal 2'"' partiform, omega-shaped ps very large; tegulation ?5*, ?3**, ?4***, 2****, 7c, 4(*), 4(**), 3(***); mode of thecal plate growth unknown;
Zygote cyst habitus proximal, teardrop-shaped, ovaloid, also rounded polyhedral, epicyst pyramidal to tentoriate with a broad-based, short, pyramidal apical horn, hypocyst semi-ovaloid to rounded steeply conical, antapex rounded; Wall made of thin pedium and luxuria made of more or less densely arranged, partly intergrown granules, these are evenly distributed or particularly densely arranged, accordingly the thecal tabulation is not or only partially reflected by areation; Arranging formula NR PR/cop, pop, cap, NR'/3', 1a(arch), 2a(arch), 3a(arch)/3a, NR"/7", NRc/7c, NR'"/6'", NR'"'/2"", NRs/as, FM, Is, rs, ps; PR undifferentiated or as a prominent crown of the apical horn made of pin-shaped cop, which is surrounded by pop in a ring; 3 apicals: steno VI 1' (V), VIII 2' (L), VIII 3' (R); 3 anterior intercalaries: small caroid 1a (DL), large hepta 2a (D), small caroid 3a (RDR); 7 precingulates: anterior geniculate V-nE 1" (VVL), anterior geniculate V-nE 2" (L), anterior geniculate V-nE 3'' (DDL), anterior linear IV-nE 4" (D), anterior geniculate V-nE 5" (DR), anterior geniculate V-nE 6'' (RVR), anterior geniculate V-nE 7" (VVR); cingulum left-handed spiral, heptapartite, lati 1c to 6c, isofastigiate 7c; 6 postcingulate: posterior linear VI-nE 1'" (VVL), posterior linear IV-nE 2'" (L), posterior geniculate V-nE 3'" (DL), posterior linear IV-nE 4'" (D), posterior linear IV-nE 5'" (RDR), posterior linear V-nE 6'" (VR); 2 antapics: partiform, 1" to VL, 2" to R; sulcus flat: partiform from Vlas, VII FM, smaller IV ls, smaller Vrs, large omega-shaped VIps; anterior intercalary archacopyle, 1a + 2a + 3a;
Operculum solvate, opercular plates secate, general opercular formula 1a(s) + 2a(s) + 3a(s).
Dimensions: Length 53 µm, width 40 µm, thickness 39 µm.
Note:
The areation is only vaguely recognizable in a few specimens of the present species, and even then only vaguely, with the granules clustered along the fins and sparse intraarea. The even distribution of the granules makes the areation impossible to recognize. However, it is clearly visible in specimen S2-1279(K1)1/5 (pl.). 16, ig. 7, 17) whose granulation is very much reduced. The areas of this slightly polyhedral cyst are bordered by low carinae. The luxuria does not form a continuous layer lying on the pedium. It merely forms the granules or tubercles, which are usually dispersed on the pedium and whose surface becomes visible between the ornaments.
Identification:
Specimens 1279, 1284.