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Pareodinia halosa
Pareodinia halosa (Filatoff, 1975, p.91, pl.29, figs.10–12) Prauss, 1989, p.42. Emendation: Prauss, 1989, p.42, as Pareodinia halosa
Originally Kalyptea, subsequently Kalyptea?, thirdly Caddasphaera, fourthly Pterocystidiopsis (Acritarch), fifthly (and now) Pareodinia.
Holotype: Filatoff 1975. Pl. 29, fig. 10
Locus typicus: Perth Basin, Australia
Stratum typicum: Cadda Formation (Jurassic)
Age: Bajocian
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Pareodinia halosa (Filatoff, 1975) Prauss, 1989, emend. Prauss, 1989. This species has a spherical vesicle, normally folded, particularly parallel to the equator. Wall 1 µm thick, smooth to finely granulate. Vesicle enclosed in an irregular cloak of diffuse tissue which becomes impregnated with sedimentary debris. Size 45-95 µm. According to Prauss (1989, p.42), the archeopyle is 1a+2a+3a, operculum solvate and secate.
Size: overall diameter 45-95 µm, vesicle diameter 37-55 µm.
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Original description: Filatoff 1975, p. 91: Kalyptea halosa
Vesicle spherical, normally much folded, particularly parallel to equator. Wall 1 µm thick, smooth to finely granulate. Vesicle enclosed in an irregular cloak of diffuse tissue which becomes impregnated with sedimentary debris.
Dimensions: Total diameter: 45(63)95 µm. Vesicle diameter: 37(44)55 µm.
Remarks: Kalyptea halosa is similar to K. aceras MANUM & COOKSON, 1964, described from the Late Cretaceous of Artic Canada. The latter is a larger species, however, and the inner surface of its veillike tissue is ornamentated by a network composed of fairly regular meshes. In addition, an apical archaeopyle is apparent in most specimens of K. aceras, but not in K. halosa.
Occurrence: POCOCK (1972, p. 101) recorded similar forms from the Canadian Jurassic. Kalyptea halosa is common in some samples from the Cadda Formation.
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Emended description: [Prauss, 1989] (tranlated from German):
Emended description: Cyst habitus proximate/acavate. Ambitus spheroidal to ovoidal, often strongly folded. An apical/antapical horn is absent. Archeopyle 1a+2a+3a, operculum solvate, secat, 1a(s) + 2a(s) + 3a(s), very often still in situ. Opercular areas geniculate. Calyptra always developed, but varying in intensity.
Remarks: The majority of the examined forms of this frequently represented species showed no evidence of an archeopyle or other features significant for dinocysts (Plate 5, Fig. 14). Only two individuals could be found, both of which showed the archeopyle described above (Plate 5, Figs. 10, 13). In both cases, the operculi are still in situ but obviously "detached" from the cyst wall, as documented by thin, light outlines (Plate 5, Fig. 13).
The lack of characteristic features of this form has often led to its classification as acritarchs. The distinct anterior intercalary archeopyle makes classification as a genus Pareodinia possible. This follows the emending of the genus by Stover & Evitt (1978).
Within the genus, there are similarities in form with P. ceratophora DEFLANDRE 1947c subsp. scopeae (SARJEANT 1972) LENTIN & WILLIAMS 1973 (Plate 8, Fig. 12). However, this is characterized by a small horn, which is not always easily recognizable in cases of unfavorable preservation or position of the specimen, which can lead to confusion with P. halosa n.comb. Caligodinium amiculum DRUGG 1970b has a three-valved archeopyle. The geometry of the operculi, however, is fundamentally different from the typical, geniculate operculi in P. halosa n.comb. Furthermore, the position of this archeopyle has not yet been conclusively clarified (apical or anterior intercalar).
Occurrence: O'Toarcium O'Callovium, levesquei- to lamberti-zone.
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Poulsen, 1996, p. 62
Pareodinia halosa (Filatoff 1975) Prauss 1989
Pl. 4, Figs. 6-8
Remarks. Prauss (1989) described an intercalary archeopyle in this species. In the present study, a small apical? horn was found on some specimens. In most specimens, the small horn is difficult to identify. Pareodinia halosa differs from Pareodinia ceratophora subsp. scopaea in having a much smaller horn. The horn of P. halosa is shorter than 3 µm, whereas the horn of P. ceratophora subsp. scopaea is about 5-8 µm. Pareodinia halosa has not been identified without a kalyptra, whereas P. ceratophora is commonly found without a kalyptra.
Recorded occurrences.
Denmark: Parvocysta nasuta Subzone, Mancodinium semitabulatum Zone - Gochteodinia villosa Zone, Rotosphaeropsis thula Subzone.
Poland: Divisum - Scythicus Zones.
Originally Kalyptea, subsequently Kalyptea?, thirdly Caddasphaera, fourthly Pterocystidiopsis (Acritarch), fifthly (and now) Pareodinia.
Holotype: Filatoff 1975. Pl. 29, fig. 10
Locus typicus: Perth Basin, Australia
Stratum typicum: Cadda Formation (Jurassic)
Age: Bajocian
--------------------------------------------------
G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Pareodinia halosa (Filatoff, 1975) Prauss, 1989, emend. Prauss, 1989. This species has a spherical vesicle, normally folded, particularly parallel to the equator. Wall 1 µm thick, smooth to finely granulate. Vesicle enclosed in an irregular cloak of diffuse tissue which becomes impregnated with sedimentary debris. Size 45-95 µm. According to Prauss (1989, p.42), the archeopyle is 1a+2a+3a, operculum solvate and secate.
Size: overall diameter 45-95 µm, vesicle diameter 37-55 µm.
--------------------------------------------------
Original description: Filatoff 1975, p. 91: Kalyptea halosa
Vesicle spherical, normally much folded, particularly parallel to equator. Wall 1 µm thick, smooth to finely granulate. Vesicle enclosed in an irregular cloak of diffuse tissue which becomes impregnated with sedimentary debris.
Dimensions: Total diameter: 45(63)95 µm. Vesicle diameter: 37(44)55 µm.
Remarks: Kalyptea halosa is similar to K. aceras MANUM & COOKSON, 1964, described from the Late Cretaceous of Artic Canada. The latter is a larger species, however, and the inner surface of its veillike tissue is ornamentated by a network composed of fairly regular meshes. In addition, an apical archaeopyle is apparent in most specimens of K. aceras, but not in K. halosa.
Occurrence: POCOCK (1972, p. 101) recorded similar forms from the Canadian Jurassic. Kalyptea halosa is common in some samples from the Cadda Formation.
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Emended description: [Prauss, 1989] (tranlated from German):
Emended description: Cyst habitus proximate/acavate. Ambitus spheroidal to ovoidal, often strongly folded. An apical/antapical horn is absent. Archeopyle 1a+2a+3a, operculum solvate, secat, 1a(s) + 2a(s) + 3a(s), very often still in situ. Opercular areas geniculate. Calyptra always developed, but varying in intensity.
Remarks: The majority of the examined forms of this frequently represented species showed no evidence of an archeopyle or other features significant for dinocysts (Plate 5, Fig. 14). Only two individuals could be found, both of which showed the archeopyle described above (Plate 5, Figs. 10, 13). In both cases, the operculi are still in situ but obviously "detached" from the cyst wall, as documented by thin, light outlines (Plate 5, Fig. 13).
The lack of characteristic features of this form has often led to its classification as acritarchs. The distinct anterior intercalary archeopyle makes classification as a genus Pareodinia possible. This follows the emending of the genus by Stover & Evitt (1978).
Within the genus, there are similarities in form with P. ceratophora DEFLANDRE 1947c subsp. scopeae (SARJEANT 1972) LENTIN & WILLIAMS 1973 (Plate 8, Fig. 12). However, this is characterized by a small horn, which is not always easily recognizable in cases of unfavorable preservation or position of the specimen, which can lead to confusion with P. halosa n.comb. Caligodinium amiculum DRUGG 1970b has a three-valved archeopyle. The geometry of the operculi, however, is fundamentally different from the typical, geniculate operculi in P. halosa n.comb. Furthermore, the position of this archeopyle has not yet been conclusively clarified (apical or anterior intercalar).
Occurrence: O'Toarcium O'Callovium, levesquei- to lamberti-zone.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Poulsen, 1996, p. 62
Pareodinia halosa (Filatoff 1975) Prauss 1989
Pl. 4, Figs. 6-8
Remarks. Prauss (1989) described an intercalary archeopyle in this species. In the present study, a small apical? horn was found on some specimens. In most specimens, the small horn is difficult to identify. Pareodinia halosa differs from Pareodinia ceratophora subsp. scopaea in having a much smaller horn. The horn of P. halosa is shorter than 3 µm, whereas the horn of P. ceratophora subsp. scopaea is about 5-8 µm. Pareodinia halosa has not been identified without a kalyptra, whereas P. ceratophora is commonly found without a kalyptra.
Recorded occurrences.
Denmark: Parvocysta nasuta Subzone, Mancodinium semitabulatum Zone - Gochteodinia villosa Zone, Rotosphaeropsis thula Subzone.
Poland: Divisum - Scythicus Zones.