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Cerodinium taeniale
Cerodinium taeniale, (He Chengquan, 1991), Lentin and Williams, 1993
Holotype: He Chengquan, 1991, pl.32, fig.1
Location and stratigraphy: Wucha County Basebulak; lower Zimugen group near the bottom.
Age: Paleocene
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Original description: [He Chengquan, 1991]: (translated by Suning Hou, 07-01-2019):
Description:
The cyst is dorsal-ventral flattened, the outline is an elongated pentagon that is divided by the cingulum into nearly equal parts. The epicyst is nearly an acute triangle, the sides are slightly convex-concave, with a conical apical horn, 25 μm long, basally contracted, distally sharp. The hypocyst is inverted trapezoid, sides are a little concave, the antapical side is straight (and parallel with the cingulum) or slightly concave, with two nearly equal antapical horns, 20-25 μm long, distally sharp, usually they are separated intensively, far apart from each other (54-80 μm). Lateral convex is displayed.
The cingulum is located between the lateral convexes, slightly concave, ring -spiral like, width 7-12 μm, its edge is decorated with fine spiny ridges, severed by the sulcus. The sulcus is limited to the hypocyst.
The surface of the outer wall is granular and granulate spiny-short spiny shaped, the sizes of the granulates are different. The diameter of the thick ones is 1 μm, and length up to 2.5 μm, usually the processes appear intermittently on the contour line, as the processes and smooth surface appear intermittently, the width of the process member is 8 μm. The relationship between the process distribution and the tabulation is not clearly observed. On most of the specimens, there are dense linear ridges on the outer wall, especially on the epicyst and operculum.The inner cyst is oval- horizontal oval, width larger than length, with fine or coarse granular surface; It is completely separated from the outer wall, the outer cavate is well developed.
The archeopyle is intercalary, wide, the outline of is round trapezoid or fake square, usually the length and width are equal, or occasionally width slightly larger. The operculum is completely separated, fall off or in situ preserved.
Dimensions:
The cyst (in complete) is 165 μm long, width 87-105 μm, inner body length 65-80 μm, width 82. 5-95 μm (measured 5 specimens). Holotype length 165 μm, width 95 μm, The inner body length 80 μm, width 86 μm, apical horn length 25 μm, antapical horns length 20 μm, cingulum width 10-12 μm.
Affinities:
The new species is similar to Ceratiopsis (al. Deflandrea ) speciosa in appearance and structure, but the former’s surface of the inner and outer wall is granular, it is completely separated between the inner body and the outer wall; The later’s inner-outerwall surface is nodular and contacted laterally, so it’s easy to distinguish. They probably have a genetic relationship. In addition, the characteristics of the new species archeopyle and the short-process outer surface are different from the Deflandrea oebisfeldensis And D.andromiensis.
Holotype: He Chengquan, 1991, pl.32, fig.1
Location and stratigraphy: Wucha County Basebulak; lower Zimugen group near the bottom.
Age: Paleocene
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [He Chengquan, 1991]: (translated by Suning Hou, 07-01-2019):
Description:
The cyst is dorsal-ventral flattened, the outline is an elongated pentagon that is divided by the cingulum into nearly equal parts. The epicyst is nearly an acute triangle, the sides are slightly convex-concave, with a conical apical horn, 25 μm long, basally contracted, distally sharp. The hypocyst is inverted trapezoid, sides are a little concave, the antapical side is straight (and parallel with the cingulum) or slightly concave, with two nearly equal antapical horns, 20-25 μm long, distally sharp, usually they are separated intensively, far apart from each other (54-80 μm). Lateral convex is displayed.
The cingulum is located between the lateral convexes, slightly concave, ring -spiral like, width 7-12 μm, its edge is decorated with fine spiny ridges, severed by the sulcus. The sulcus is limited to the hypocyst.
The surface of the outer wall is granular and granulate spiny-short spiny shaped, the sizes of the granulates are different. The diameter of the thick ones is 1 μm, and length up to 2.5 μm, usually the processes appear intermittently on the contour line, as the processes and smooth surface appear intermittently, the width of the process member is 8 μm. The relationship between the process distribution and the tabulation is not clearly observed. On most of the specimens, there are dense linear ridges on the outer wall, especially on the epicyst and operculum.The inner cyst is oval- horizontal oval, width larger than length, with fine or coarse granular surface; It is completely separated from the outer wall, the outer cavate is well developed.
The archeopyle is intercalary, wide, the outline of is round trapezoid or fake square, usually the length and width are equal, or occasionally width slightly larger. The operculum is completely separated, fall off or in situ preserved.
Dimensions:
The cyst (in complete) is 165 μm long, width 87-105 μm, inner body length 65-80 μm, width 82. 5-95 μm (measured 5 specimens). Holotype length 165 μm, width 95 μm, The inner body length 80 μm, width 86 μm, apical horn length 25 μm, antapical horns length 20 μm, cingulum width 10-12 μm.
Affinities:
The new species is similar to Ceratiopsis (al. Deflandrea ) speciosa in appearance and structure, but the former’s surface of the inner and outer wall is granular, it is completely separated between the inner body and the outer wall; The later’s inner-outerwall surface is nodular and contacted laterally, so it’s easy to distinguish. They probably have a genetic relationship. In addition, the characteristics of the new species archeopyle and the short-process outer surface are different from the Deflandrea oebisfeldensis And D.andromiensis.