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Cleistosphaeridium machaerophorum
Cleistosphaeridium machaerophorum, (Deflandre and Cookson, 1955), Davey et al., 1966
Combination not validly published since Davey et al., 1966, did not fully reference the basionym.
Now Lingulodinium. Originally Hystrichosphaeridium, subsequently Baltisphaeridium, thirdly Cleistosphaeridium (combination not validly published), fourthly (and now) Lingulodinium.
Tax. sr. synonym of Cleistosphaeridium disjunctum Davey et al., 1966, according to Reid, 1974.
Tax. sr. synonym of Cleistosphaeridium mikirii Mehrotra, 1981, according to Jain and Garg, 1983
Tax. sr. synonym of Hystrichosphaeridium redonense Morzadec-Kerfourn, 1966, according to Harland, 1977.
Tax. sr. synonym of Hystrichosphaeridium ashdodense Rossignol, 1962, according to Wall, 1967.
Possible tax. sr. synonym of Lingulodinium? pycnospinosum (Benedek, 1972) Stover and Evitt, 1978, according to Stover and Evitt, 1978. Benedek and Sarjeant, 1981, retained Lingulodinium pycnospinosum as a separate species.
Wall and Dale, 1968, and Matsuoka, 1985, considered this species to represent the encysted stage of Gonyaulax (now Lingulodinium) polyedra Stein.
Holotype: Deflandre and Cookson, 1955, pl.p, fig.4
Locus typicus: Balcombe Bay, Victoria, Australia
Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene
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Original description as Hystrichosphaeridium machaerophorum: [Deflandre and Cookson, 1955, p. 274]:
Description:
Shell globular, subsphaerical or ellipsoidal with a rigid membrane, more brittle than deformable, covered with numerous long, stiff, conical, pointed processes resembling the blade of a dagger. Surface of shell granular or punctate.
Dimensions:
Diameter of shell 41-54 µm, length of spines 13-18 µm, overall diameter, 64-74 µm.
Remarks:
The figured type represents an average form as regards the number of processes and their density. Examples with more widely spaced processes are rare; on the contrary specimens with more numerous and more densely arranged spines are relatively frequent. Generally most of the spines are stiff but sometimes they are somewhat flexible and recurved. The apices are very sharply pointed and often twisted in specimens mounted in Canada balsam.
Combination not validly published since Davey et al., 1966, did not fully reference the basionym.
Now Lingulodinium. Originally Hystrichosphaeridium, subsequently Baltisphaeridium, thirdly Cleistosphaeridium (combination not validly published), fourthly (and now) Lingulodinium.
Tax. sr. synonym of Cleistosphaeridium disjunctum Davey et al., 1966, according to Reid, 1974.
Tax. sr. synonym of Cleistosphaeridium mikirii Mehrotra, 1981, according to Jain and Garg, 1983
Tax. sr. synonym of Hystrichosphaeridium redonense Morzadec-Kerfourn, 1966, according to Harland, 1977.
Tax. sr. synonym of Hystrichosphaeridium ashdodense Rossignol, 1962, according to Wall, 1967.
Possible tax. sr. synonym of Lingulodinium? pycnospinosum (Benedek, 1972) Stover and Evitt, 1978, according to Stover and Evitt, 1978. Benedek and Sarjeant, 1981, retained Lingulodinium pycnospinosum as a separate species.
Wall and Dale, 1968, and Matsuoka, 1985, considered this species to represent the encysted stage of Gonyaulax (now Lingulodinium) polyedra Stein.
Holotype: Deflandre and Cookson, 1955, pl.p, fig.4
Locus typicus: Balcombe Bay, Victoria, Australia
Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene
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Original description as Hystrichosphaeridium machaerophorum: [Deflandre and Cookson, 1955, p. 274]:
Description:
Shell globular, subsphaerical or ellipsoidal with a rigid membrane, more brittle than deformable, covered with numerous long, stiff, conical, pointed processes resembling the blade of a dagger. Surface of shell granular or punctate.
Dimensions:
Diameter of shell 41-54 µm, length of spines 13-18 µm, overall diameter, 64-74 µm.
Remarks:
The figured type represents an average form as regards the number of processes and their density. Examples with more widely spaced processes are rare; on the contrary specimens with more numerous and more densely arranged spines are relatively frequent. Generally most of the spines are stiff but sometimes they are somewhat flexible and recurved. The apices are very sharply pointed and often twisted in specimens mounted in Canada balsam.