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Dinogymnium gabonense
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Dinogymnium? gabonense (Deflandre, 1965, p.388,390, pl.1, figs.1–9) Lentin and Williams, 1993, p.187. Holotype: Deflandre, 1965, pl.1, figs.1–3. Originally Gymnodinium (Appendix B), subsequently (and now) Dinogymnium. Questionable assignment: Lentin and Williams (1993, p.187). Age: Tertiary.
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Original description (Deflandre, 1965) Translation PKB 2025:
Gymnodinium (?) gabonense, whose membrane is often very deformed, does not have the characteristics of encysted dinoflagellates: no internal capsule or archaeopyle. If these are not only the membranes of the vegetative cells themselves—no flagellar pores are visible—it can be assumed that the said membranes were simply reinforced, thickened, in the short time between cell death and the change in environmental conditions that caused it. This rapid phenomenon of membrane reinforcement is classic in many protophytes; it responds to a defense against unfavorable biological conditions and is often reversible within a short period of time. It is not considered true encystment because the cell can resume its vegetative life without the nucleus having undergone any modification.
Dinogymnium? gabonense (Deflandre, 1965, p.388,390, pl.1, figs.1–9) Lentin and Williams, 1993, p.187. Holotype: Deflandre, 1965, pl.1, figs.1–3. Originally Gymnodinium (Appendix B), subsequently (and now) Dinogymnium. Questionable assignment: Lentin and Williams (1993, p.187). Age: Tertiary.
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Original description (Deflandre, 1965) Translation PKB 2025:
Gymnodinium (?) gabonense, whose membrane is often very deformed, does not have the characteristics of encysted dinoflagellates: no internal capsule or archaeopyle. If these are not only the membranes of the vegetative cells themselves—no flagellar pores are visible—it can be assumed that the said membranes were simply reinforced, thickened, in the short time between cell death and the change in environmental conditions that caused it. This rapid phenomenon of membrane reinforcement is classic in many protophytes; it responds to a defense against unfavorable biological conditions and is often reversible within a short period of time. It is not considered true encystment because the cell can resume its vegetative life without the nucleus having undergone any modification.