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Baltisphaeridium twistringiense
Baltisphaeridium twistringiense, (Maier, 1959), Sarjeant, 1964
Now Spiniferites. Originally Galea (an illegitimate generic name), subsequently Baltisphaeridium, thirdly Areoligera, fourthly (and now) Spiniferites.
Tax. sr. synonym of Hystrichosphaera ramosa var. multibrevis (now Spiniferites multibrevis) Davey and Williams, 1966, according to Sarjeant, 1983, who correctly believed the epithet multibrevis to be senior at the rank of variety.
Tax. sr. synonym of Achomosphaera (al. Spiniferites) cambra Sah et al., 1977, by implication, according to Jain, 1982. According to Fensome et al., 1990: "The species name Galea twistringiensis is validly published even though the generic name Galea is illegitimate; see I.C.B.N. Article 68.1. Lentin and Williams, 1985 and Lentin and Williams, 1989 brought together the synonymies proposed by Jain, 1982 and Sarjeant, 1983, but also accepted the elevation of the variety (and later subspecies) multibrevis to specific rank as Spiniferites multibrevis. Lentin and Williams, 1985 considered the epithet multibrevis to be senior. Since the latter epithet was not raised to specific rank until Below, 1982 did so, the epithets twistringiensis (validly published in 1964) and cambrus (erected in 1970) are both senior to multibrevis at specific rank. Thus, following the synonymies cited above and considering this taxon at specific rank, the correct name is Spiniferites twistringiensis, which is thus validated here as a new combination. The specific epithet has commonly been misspelled "twistringense".
Holotype: Maier, 1959, pl.30, fig.3
Age: Middle Miocene
Now Spiniferites. Originally Galea (an illegitimate generic name), subsequently Baltisphaeridium, thirdly Areoligera, fourthly (and now) Spiniferites.
Tax. sr. synonym of Hystrichosphaera ramosa var. multibrevis (now Spiniferites multibrevis) Davey and Williams, 1966, according to Sarjeant, 1983, who correctly believed the epithet multibrevis to be senior at the rank of variety.
Tax. sr. synonym of Achomosphaera (al. Spiniferites) cambra Sah et al., 1977, by implication, according to Jain, 1982. According to Fensome et al., 1990: "The species name Galea twistringiensis is validly published even though the generic name Galea is illegitimate; see I.C.B.N. Article 68.1. Lentin and Williams, 1985 and Lentin and Williams, 1989 brought together the synonymies proposed by Jain, 1982 and Sarjeant, 1983, but also accepted the elevation of the variety (and later subspecies) multibrevis to specific rank as Spiniferites multibrevis. Lentin and Williams, 1985 considered the epithet multibrevis to be senior. Since the latter epithet was not raised to specific rank until Below, 1982 did so, the epithets twistringiensis (validly published in 1964) and cambrus (erected in 1970) are both senior to multibrevis at specific rank. Thus, following the synonymies cited above and considering this taxon at specific rank, the correct name is Spiniferites twistringiensis, which is thus validated here as a new combination. The specific epithet has commonly been misspelled "twistringense".
Holotype: Maier, 1959, pl.30, fig.3
Age: Middle Miocene