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Phanerodinium turnhoutensis
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Phanerodinium ?turnhoutensis Slimani, 1994, p.49–50, pl.7, figs.7–8,27–32. Holotype: Slimani, 1994, pl.7, figs.7–8,27–28. Questionable assignment: Slimani (1994, p.49). Age: early Campanian–earliest Danian.
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Original description (Slimani, 1994): Translation PKB 2025:
Phanerodinium turnhoutensis sp. nov. (P1.7, Fig. 7, 8, 27-32)
Name derivation: Referring to the type locality, Turnhout.
Horizon: Turnhout -933 m, preparation 3, E.F. coord. G36.
Parazon: Turnhout -775.01 m, preparation 5, E.F. coord. V54/3.
Type locality: Turnhout -775.01 m.
Type horizon: Upper Maastrichtian.
Synonymie:
?1951: Phanerodium cf. fourmarieri - LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER, p. B.312, fig. 8.
?1966: Phanerodium cf. fourmarieri (LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER, 1951) – DEFLANDRE and DEFLANDRE-RIGAUD, file 3005.
?1983: Druggidium cf. fourmarieri (LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER, 1951) emend. LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER and SARJEANT, p. 3, pl. Lfig. 6.
1992: Gillinia hymenophora - MARHEINECKE, p. 75-76, pl. 15, fig. 16-17.
Diagnosis: Small, pear-shaped, proximal cyst. The epicyst bears a transversely elongated subrectangular pericoel over its entire dorsal surface. A large dorsal subrectangular opening is always observed on the periphragm delimiting the pericoel and corresponds to a precingulate archaeopyle formed by a single precingulate paraplate; the operculum is free. The paratabulation is indicated on the dorsal surface by typically crenate parasutural ridges, while on the ventral surface it is suppressed; It conforms to the following formula: ?', 3 - ?6", 3 -?6c,4-?6"' , lp, 1"'.
Dimensions:
Holotype: Maximum length: 20 µm, maximum width: 20 µm.
Variations: Maximum length: 20-32 µm, maximum width: 19-28 µm.
Number of specimens measured: 20.
Material: 25 specimens.
Description: The cyst is often flattened dorsoventrally. The endophragm is smooth and thick (approximately 1 µm); the periphragm is distinct, thin, and located in the dorsal region of the epicyst. The hypocyst is subspheroidal and wide with convex margins. The epicyst is smaller and subtriangular, with flanks that converge slightly toward the apex. On the apicolateral edge of the epicyst, the endophragm is concave in the middle and forms two small lateral bumps. The pericoel occupies the entire dorsal surface of the epicyst, extending laterally to reach the same width as the hypocyst. The corners of the paraplates are marked by prominent thickenings 2 to 4 µm high. Paratabulation is expressed dorsally by 3 precingulate paraplates, the middle of which occupies the medial part of the epicyst. 3 rectangular paracingulate paraplates and 4 trapezoidal postcingulate paraplates; the ventral surface is free of them. The antapical paraplate and the posterior intercalary paraplate are delimited by the postcingulate paraplates, but they are ventrally fused with the ventral surface due to the removal of the ridges on their ventral sides. The archaeopyle is precingulate of type P(?3), 14 to 20 µm wide, subreetangular and located on the periphragm.
Discussion: Phanerodinium? turnhoutensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all species of the genus Phanerodinium DEFLANDRE (1937b) emended (in this work) by the presence of a dorsal epicystal pericoel. It is for this last character that it was provisionally assigned to this genus. It has a form similar to that of the type species of the genus Gillinia. G. hymenophora COOKSON and EISENACK (1960a), especially by the presence of an epicystal pericoel, but the genus Gillinia is originally defined as having an uncertain apical archaeopyle.
Comparison: So far only G. hymenophora and G. pyroformis MARSHALL (1990) have been described in the genus Gillinia. These two species have an atypical archaeopyle on the apex and two small membranous structures on each side on the anterior part of the cyst while Phanerodinium? turnhoutensis sp. nov. shows a precingulate archaeopyle on the periphragm which delimits the dorsal epicystal pericoel and presents crenate ridges and a paracingulum. The specimens studied in this work closely resemble the form determined as G. hymenophora by MARHEINKCK E (1992), and Druggidium cf. fourmarieri (LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER 1951) LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER and SAMWl (1983) (see synonymy above).
Stratigraphic distribution: Halembaye: scales 1 to 37. Lower Campanian - Upper Maastrichtian (G. quadrata Zone - B. junior Zone). Turnhout: -978 to -759.89 m, Upper Campanian - end of Upper Maastrichtian, beginning of Danian. LEJEUNE-CARPENTIE R ( 1951 ), Maastrichtian, Spienne-Cuesme Basin, Hainaut, Belgium. MARHEINECKE ( 1992), Lower-Upper Maastrichtian, Hemmoor, Germany.
Phanerodinium ?turnhoutensis Slimani, 1994, p.49–50, pl.7, figs.7–8,27–32. Holotype: Slimani, 1994, pl.7, figs.7–8,27–28. Questionable assignment: Slimani (1994, p.49). Age: early Campanian–earliest Danian.
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Original description (Slimani, 1994): Translation PKB 2025:
Phanerodinium turnhoutensis sp. nov. (P1.7, Fig. 7, 8, 27-32)
Name derivation: Referring to the type locality, Turnhout.
Horizon: Turnhout -933 m, preparation 3, E.F. coord. G36.
Parazon: Turnhout -775.01 m, preparation 5, E.F. coord. V54/3.
Type locality: Turnhout -775.01 m.
Type horizon: Upper Maastrichtian.
Synonymie:
?1951: Phanerodium cf. fourmarieri - LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER, p. B.312, fig. 8.
?1966: Phanerodium cf. fourmarieri (LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER, 1951) – DEFLANDRE and DEFLANDRE-RIGAUD, file 3005.
?1983: Druggidium cf. fourmarieri (LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER, 1951) emend. LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER and SARJEANT, p. 3, pl. Lfig. 6.
1992: Gillinia hymenophora - MARHEINECKE, p. 75-76, pl. 15, fig. 16-17.
Diagnosis: Small, pear-shaped, proximal cyst. The epicyst bears a transversely elongated subrectangular pericoel over its entire dorsal surface. A large dorsal subrectangular opening is always observed on the periphragm delimiting the pericoel and corresponds to a precingulate archaeopyle formed by a single precingulate paraplate; the operculum is free. The paratabulation is indicated on the dorsal surface by typically crenate parasutural ridges, while on the ventral surface it is suppressed; It conforms to the following formula: ?', 3 - ?6", 3 -?6c,4-?6"' , lp, 1"'.
Dimensions:
Holotype: Maximum length: 20 µm, maximum width: 20 µm.
Variations: Maximum length: 20-32 µm, maximum width: 19-28 µm.
Number of specimens measured: 20.
Material: 25 specimens.
Description: The cyst is often flattened dorsoventrally. The endophragm is smooth and thick (approximately 1 µm); the periphragm is distinct, thin, and located in the dorsal region of the epicyst. The hypocyst is subspheroidal and wide with convex margins. The epicyst is smaller and subtriangular, with flanks that converge slightly toward the apex. On the apicolateral edge of the epicyst, the endophragm is concave in the middle and forms two small lateral bumps. The pericoel occupies the entire dorsal surface of the epicyst, extending laterally to reach the same width as the hypocyst. The corners of the paraplates are marked by prominent thickenings 2 to 4 µm high. Paratabulation is expressed dorsally by 3 precingulate paraplates, the middle of which occupies the medial part of the epicyst. 3 rectangular paracingulate paraplates and 4 trapezoidal postcingulate paraplates; the ventral surface is free of them. The antapical paraplate and the posterior intercalary paraplate are delimited by the postcingulate paraplates, but they are ventrally fused with the ventral surface due to the removal of the ridges on their ventral sides. The archaeopyle is precingulate of type P(?3), 14 to 20 µm wide, subreetangular and located on the periphragm.
Discussion: Phanerodinium? turnhoutensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all species of the genus Phanerodinium DEFLANDRE (1937b) emended (in this work) by the presence of a dorsal epicystal pericoel. It is for this last character that it was provisionally assigned to this genus. It has a form similar to that of the type species of the genus Gillinia. G. hymenophora COOKSON and EISENACK (1960a), especially by the presence of an epicystal pericoel, but the genus Gillinia is originally defined as having an uncertain apical archaeopyle.
Comparison: So far only G. hymenophora and G. pyroformis MARSHALL (1990) have been described in the genus Gillinia. These two species have an atypical archaeopyle on the apex and two small membranous structures on each side on the anterior part of the cyst while Phanerodinium? turnhoutensis sp. nov. shows a precingulate archaeopyle on the periphragm which delimits the dorsal epicystal pericoel and presents crenate ridges and a paracingulum. The specimens studied in this work closely resemble the form determined as G. hymenophora by MARHEINKCK E (1992), and Druggidium cf. fourmarieri (LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER 1951) LEJEUNE-CARPENTIER and SAMWl (1983) (see synonymy above).
Stratigraphic distribution: Halembaye: scales 1 to 37. Lower Campanian - Upper Maastrichtian (G. quadrata Zone - B. junior Zone). Turnhout: -978 to -759.89 m, Upper Campanian - end of Upper Maastrichtian, beginning of Danian. LEJEUNE-CARPENTIE R ( 1951 ), Maastrichtian, Spienne-Cuesme Basin, Hainaut, Belgium. MARHEINECKE ( 1992), Lower-Upper Maastrichtian, Hemmoor, Germany.