Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum var. gralla Below, 1987

Now Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum ssp. gralla. Originally Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum var. gralla, subsequently (and now) Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum ssp. gralla.

Holotype: Below, 1987, pl.20, figs.11-12,14-15; Fensome et al., 1993, p.1215, figs.1-2, 4-5
Locus typicus: Marloffstein, Franconia, Germany
Stratum typicum: Spinatumlmargaritatus Zone, Late Pliensbachian
Translation Below, 1993: Fensome et al., 1993, p. 1216

Original description: Below, 1987, p.73: Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum var. gralla
A variant of Valvaeodinium limbafibrosum; cyst form proximochorate, acavate, spheroidal or slightly oblong ovaloidal, epicyst and hypocyst of equal size; wall composed of pedium and lanate to fibrous luxuria, which also forms numerous short appendages measuring about 1/4 to 1/5 of the cingular diameter of the cyst; the appendages are solid and resemble mangroves at the base with roots insiderate in the substrate like stilts, sometimes fusing into the cylindrical trunk only far towards the distal end, terminally abruptly branched, bi-, tri-, or polyfurcate, cauliflorate, distributed irregularly or peniareate and intraareate, and accordingly reflecting thecal tabulation not at all, or partially, or completely; areation formula NR PR/PR, NR"/4", NRa/la, NR"/4", NRc/Xc, NR"""/5""", NR""""/1"""", NRs/Xs; archeopyle apical/anterior intercalary, 3" + 1a; operculum solvate, secate, general opercular formula 3"[s] + 1a[s].
Size: Holotype: length 42 µm, breadth 40 µm, thickness 40 µm.