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Andalusiella mauthei ssp. punctata
From Fensome et al., 2019:
"subsp. punctata" (Jain and Millepied, 1973, p.29, pl.2, fig.24; pl.3, figs.26–28) Masure et al., 1996, p.180.
Emendation: Masure et al., 1996, p.180–181, as Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata.
Holotype: Jain and Millepied, 1973, pl.3, fig.27.
Combination illegitimate: this taxon was originally proposed at specific rank, and at that rank the epithet punctata has priority over mauthei and the former should have been chosen as the correct name of the species.
NOW Andalusiella punctata.
Originally Palaeocystodinium punctatum, subsequently Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata, thirdly Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata (combination illegitimate), fourthy (and now) Andalusiella punctata.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Svalbardella (now Andalusiella) polymorpha, according to Lentin and Williams (1976, p.89) — however, Schrank (1987, p.265) retained this taxon as the subspecies Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Andalusiella mauthei, by implication in Masure et al. (1996, p.180), who considered Andaliusiella mauthei (illegitimately) to be the senior name — however, Mahmoud and Schrank (2007, p.604–605) treated "... Andalusiella mauthei as a species excluding the subspecies punctata because the name punctatum [sic] has priority over mauthei and therefore cannot become a subspecies of the latter ...." Mahmoud and Schrank did not indicate how they would alternatvely treat "punctata". Consequently, herein we propose the new combination Andalusiella punctata.
Age: Maastrichtian.
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Original diagnosis: [Jain and Millepied 1973, p. 29]:
Diagnosis:
Shell spindle-shaped, dorso-ventrally flattened, with two short appendages, one apical and one antapical; Antapical horn divided into a another short horn. Archeopyle trapezoidal below apical horn; periphragm micropunctate. Capsule large, filling completely periphragm cavity, endophragm smooth. Apical horn terminate into a dentate end on free side.
No furrows seen.
Archeopyle not observed in all specimens.
Another thin membrane exterior to periphragm is present, seen only around horns.
The size ratio between horn and central vesicle (H-V ratio) remains mostly 1:4.
Dimensions:
Holotype: Shell length 144 µm, breadth 65 µm; Capsule length 91 µm, breadth 65 µm; Apical horn-length 22.1 µm, breadth 9.1 µm; Antapical horns-length 31.2 µm, breadth 7.8 µm.
Observed range: Shell length 140-150 µm, breadth 55-70 µm; Capsule length 95-97 µm, breadth 60-70 µm; Apical horn-length 22-23 µm, breadth 8-11 µm; Antapical horns-length 9-32 µm, breadth 4-8 µm.
Affinities/Comparison:
Palaeocystodinium punctatum sp. nov. compares only with P. benjaminii Drugg (1967) in having two antapical horns but differs readily in having no fiber or hairs on the apical horn and having dentate apex, micropunctate periphragm and third exterior layer.
Remarks:
The presence of two closely placed antapical horns and horn-vesicle ratio makes it difficult to place this species in Palaeocystodinium and the former evidence might permit the transfer of these forms under a new genus.
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Emended diagnosis:
Masure, Tea and Yao, 1996, p. 180-181:
Diagnosis:
Proximate acrocavate dinoflagellate cyst with rhomboidal to ovoidal central body, one apical horn and two antapical horns associated with adjacent bases, forking close to the central body.
Wall composed of a smooth periphragm and a smooth and brown endophragm with thickenings in horn area. The periphragm on distal end of horns is punctated.
Peridinoid paratabulation indicated by the archeopyle, paracingulum poorly developed, parasulcus with bean-shaped flagellar scar.
Intercalary archeopyle of I/I type, standard 2a hexa, isodeltaforme, operculum free, occasionally adherent.
Remark:
Schrank, 1987 (p. 265) retained this taxon as a subspecies, A. polymorpha subsp. punctata. The subspecies punctata is more related to the species mauthei (Fig. 5), the antapical horns are associated close to the central body and not dissociated as A. polymorpha. A. mauthei and A. mauthei subsp. punctata are acrocavate. The paracingulum of A. mauthei is bordered by rows of small tubercles, but of A. mauthei subsp. punctata it is not.
The two antapical horns of A. mauthei subp. Inflata are punctated, these of A. mauthei are not.
"subsp. punctata" (Jain and Millepied, 1973, p.29, pl.2, fig.24; pl.3, figs.26–28) Masure et al., 1996, p.180.
Emendation: Masure et al., 1996, p.180–181, as Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata.
Holotype: Jain and Millepied, 1973, pl.3, fig.27.
Combination illegitimate: this taxon was originally proposed at specific rank, and at that rank the epithet punctata has priority over mauthei and the former should have been chosen as the correct name of the species.
NOW Andalusiella punctata.
Originally Palaeocystodinium punctatum, subsequently Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata, thirdly Andalusiella mauthei subsp. punctata (combination illegitimate), fourthy (and now) Andalusiella punctata.
Taxonomic senior synonym: Svalbardella (now Andalusiella) polymorpha, according to Lentin and Williams (1976, p.89) — however, Schrank (1987, p.265) retained this taxon as the subspecies Andalusiella polymorpha subsp. punctata.
Taxonomic junior synonym: Andalusiella mauthei, by implication in Masure et al. (1996, p.180), who considered Andaliusiella mauthei (illegitimately) to be the senior name — however, Mahmoud and Schrank (2007, p.604–605) treated "... Andalusiella mauthei as a species excluding the subspecies punctata because the name punctatum [sic] has priority over mauthei and therefore cannot become a subspecies of the latter ...." Mahmoud and Schrank did not indicate how they would alternatvely treat "punctata". Consequently, herein we propose the new combination Andalusiella punctata.
Age: Maastrichtian.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original diagnosis: [Jain and Millepied 1973, p. 29]:
Diagnosis:
Shell spindle-shaped, dorso-ventrally flattened, with two short appendages, one apical and one antapical; Antapical horn divided into a another short horn. Archeopyle trapezoidal below apical horn; periphragm micropunctate. Capsule large, filling completely periphragm cavity, endophragm smooth. Apical horn terminate into a dentate end on free side.
No furrows seen.
Archeopyle not observed in all specimens.
Another thin membrane exterior to periphragm is present, seen only around horns.
The size ratio between horn and central vesicle (H-V ratio) remains mostly 1:4.
Dimensions:
Holotype: Shell length 144 µm, breadth 65 µm; Capsule length 91 µm, breadth 65 µm; Apical horn-length 22.1 µm, breadth 9.1 µm; Antapical horns-length 31.2 µm, breadth 7.8 µm.
Observed range: Shell length 140-150 µm, breadth 55-70 µm; Capsule length 95-97 µm, breadth 60-70 µm; Apical horn-length 22-23 µm, breadth 8-11 µm; Antapical horns-length 9-32 µm, breadth 4-8 µm.
Affinities/Comparison:
Palaeocystodinium punctatum sp. nov. compares only with P. benjaminii Drugg (1967) in having two antapical horns but differs readily in having no fiber or hairs on the apical horn and having dentate apex, micropunctate periphragm and third exterior layer.
Remarks:
The presence of two closely placed antapical horns and horn-vesicle ratio makes it difficult to place this species in Palaeocystodinium and the former evidence might permit the transfer of these forms under a new genus.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emended diagnosis:
Masure, Tea and Yao, 1996, p. 180-181:
Diagnosis:
Proximate acrocavate dinoflagellate cyst with rhomboidal to ovoidal central body, one apical horn and two antapical horns associated with adjacent bases, forking close to the central body.
Wall composed of a smooth periphragm and a smooth and brown endophragm with thickenings in horn area. The periphragm on distal end of horns is punctated.
Peridinoid paratabulation indicated by the archeopyle, paracingulum poorly developed, parasulcus with bean-shaped flagellar scar.
Intercalary archeopyle of I/I type, standard 2a hexa, isodeltaforme, operculum free, occasionally adherent.
Remark:
Schrank, 1987 (p. 265) retained this taxon as a subspecies, A. polymorpha subsp. punctata. The subspecies punctata is more related to the species mauthei (Fig. 5), the antapical horns are associated close to the central body and not dissociated as A. polymorpha. A. mauthei and A. mauthei subsp. punctata are acrocavate. The paracingulum of A. mauthei is bordered by rows of small tubercles, but of A. mauthei subsp. punctata it is not.
The two antapical horns of A. mauthei subp. Inflata are punctated, these of A. mauthei are not.