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Mendicodinium brunneum
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Mendicodinium brunneum Bucefalo Palliani et al., 1997a, p.110, pl.2, figs.1–4; pl.3, fig.5; text-fig.2. Holotype: Bucefalo Palliani et al., 1997a, pl.2, fig.2. Age: early Toarcian.
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Type locality: Colle d"Orlando section, Marne di Monte Serrone Formation, central Italy.
Stratigraphic horizon: Lower Toarcian, middle and upper D. tenuicostatum Zone.
Original Diagnosis: Bucefalo Palliani, et al. 1997a, p. 110
Ellipsoidal, proximate, small dinoflagellate cysts which are generally elongate equatorially. Autophragm relatively thick, dark brown in colour, ornamented by small, nontabular granules which are frequently fused into short, sinuous elements. The granules are variable in size, from about 0.5 to 1.0 µm. The frequency of fusion into the characteristic short, curved ridges is also variable. The hypocyst may be significantly larger than the epicyst.
Dimensions: Holotype: Length 22 µm, width 34 µm.
Overall cyst length: minimum 17 µm; mean 22.8 µm; maximum 29 µm. Overall cyst width: minimum 28 µm; mean 32 µm; maximum 37 µm (20 specimens measured).
Discussion: Bucefalo Palliani, et al. 1997a, p. 110
Mendicodinium brunneum is superficially similar to M. microreticulatum Kumar, 1986 and M. reticulatum Morgenroth, 1970. However, Mendicodinium microreticulatum and M. reticulatum are larger in overall size than Mendicodinium brunneum. Mendicodinium brunneum is never bi-layered which Mendicodinium microreticulatum can be according to Kumar (1986). The short, sinuous ridges of Mendicodinium brunneum rarely form a true reticulum, which is a characteristic feature of Mendicodinium microreticulatum Kumar, 1986 and Mendicodinium reticulatum Morgenroth, 1970.
Mendicodinium brunneum Bucefalo Palliani et al., 1997a, p.110, pl.2, figs.1–4; pl.3, fig.5; text-fig.2. Holotype: Bucefalo Palliani et al., 1997a, pl.2, fig.2. Age: early Toarcian.
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Type locality: Colle d"Orlando section, Marne di Monte Serrone Formation, central Italy.
Stratigraphic horizon: Lower Toarcian, middle and upper D. tenuicostatum Zone.
Original Diagnosis: Bucefalo Palliani, et al. 1997a, p. 110
Ellipsoidal, proximate, small dinoflagellate cysts which are generally elongate equatorially. Autophragm relatively thick, dark brown in colour, ornamented by small, nontabular granules which are frequently fused into short, sinuous elements. The granules are variable in size, from about 0.5 to 1.0 µm. The frequency of fusion into the characteristic short, curved ridges is also variable. The hypocyst may be significantly larger than the epicyst.
Dimensions: Holotype: Length 22 µm, width 34 µm.
Overall cyst length: minimum 17 µm; mean 22.8 µm; maximum 29 µm. Overall cyst width: minimum 28 µm; mean 32 µm; maximum 37 µm (20 specimens measured).
Discussion: Bucefalo Palliani, et al. 1997a, p. 110
Mendicodinium brunneum is superficially similar to M. microreticulatum Kumar, 1986 and M. reticulatum Morgenroth, 1970. However, Mendicodinium microreticulatum and M. reticulatum are larger in overall size than Mendicodinium brunneum. Mendicodinium brunneum is never bi-layered which Mendicodinium microreticulatum can be according to Kumar (1986). The short, sinuous ridges of Mendicodinium brunneum rarely form a true reticulum, which is a characteristic feature of Mendicodinium microreticulatum Kumar, 1986 and Mendicodinium reticulatum Morgenroth, 1970.