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Cribroperidinium graemei
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Cribroperidinium graemei Williams et al., 1998, p.147. Holotype: Slimani, 1994, pl.14, figs.5–9. Originally Apteodinium wilsonii, subsequently Cribroperidinium wilsonii (name illegitimate), thirdly (and now) Cribroperidinium graemei. Substitute name for Cribroperidinium wilsonii (Slimani, 1994, p.90–91, pl.14, figs.5–11) Schiøler et al., 1997, p.81 (an illegitimate name). Taxonomic junior synonym: Gonyaulacysta filosa (name not validly published), according to Schiøler et al. (1997, p.81). Age: early Campanian–late Maastrichtian.
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Basionym: Apteodinium wilsonii Slimani, 1994, pl. 14, 5-11.
Holotype: Halembaye 57 no. 2, Slimani, 1994. pl. 14, figs. 5-9.
Synonyms:
Gonyaulacysta filosa; Wilson, 1974, unpubl. thesis, p. 227, pl. 14, figs. 11, 12.
Apteodinium sp. A; May, 1980, p. 43, pl. 5, figs. 1-4.
Apteodinium granulatum; Marheinecke, 1992, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 2-4.
Apteodinium wilsonii sp. Nov. (PI.14, Fig.5-11) Derivation of name: In honor of Dr. Graeme WILSON who described the same type of cyst in his PhD work. unpublished (see synonymy below). Holotvpe: Halembaye ech. 57, preparation 2, coord. E.F. W28. Type locality: Halembaye ex. 57. Typical horizon: Upper Maastrichtian. (Member of ixhe 1). Synonymy: 1974: Gonyaulacysta filosa n. sp. in WILSON, p. 227, pl. 4, fig. 11.12. 7197 5: Apteodinium sp.- WILLIAM S and BRIDEAUX, pl. 11, fig. 9. 90 1977: Gonyaulacysta filosa WILSON uned. - SCHUMACKER-LAMBRY in STREEL et al., pl. 4, fig. 8. 71980: Apteodinium sp. A-MAY, p. 43, pl. 5, fig. 1 - 4.
Diagnosis:
Small Apteodinium cyst with a small conical apical horn and a material-covered autophragm
fibromicrocrosslinked. A sexiform gonyaulacoid type paratabulation is completely or partially expressed by low fibrous to reticulate ridges; its formula is as follows: 4', 6'', 6c, 6''', 1''''.
Dimensions:
Holotype: length: 50 pm, width: 38 pm.
Variations: length: 37 - 50, width: 32 - 40 pm.
Length of apical horn: 2 - 6 pm.
Number of specimens measured: 20.
Material:
> 80 specimens.
Description:
The shape of the cyst is generally ovoid with a more or less angular outline. It bears a small conical and fibrous apical horn. The autophragm is approximately 1 µm thick and in close contact with the fibroreticulated material. The thickness of the entire cyst wall generally varies between 2 and 3 μm. The paracingulum, 3 to 5 pm wide, is well marked by ridges approximately 3 pm high; it is strongly laevorotatory: the displacement between its two ventral extremities is on average 5 pm. The parasulcus, apparently unsegmented, is indicated by a strongly twisted longitudinal surface. The archeopyle is precingulate type P(3"") with a free or rarely attached operculum.
Comparison:
Apteodinium wilsonii sp. nov. corresponds to Gonyaulacysta filosa of WILSON (1974); and to the specimen called Gonyaulacysta fdosa WILSON (1974) unpublished by SCHUMACKER-LAMBRY in STREEL et al. (1977). She stands out at A. deflandrei (CLARKE and VERDIER, 1967) LUCAS-CLAR K (1987) (Pl. 14, Fig. 43) especially by its shorter apical horn, by its thinner wall and by the fibroreticulate appearance of the material covering the autophragm , instead of being cavernous, spongy and perforated. It also differs from Cribroperidinium conjunctum (EISENACK and COOKSON, 1960) HELENES (1984), and from A. granulatum EISENACK (1958a) by the nature of its wall and by the presence of a lighter paratabulation. A. thelium SARJEANT (1985a) presents a wall devoid of tabulation indices. Liesbergia abdounensis SONCINI (1992) is twice as large as that of A. wilsonii and bears a horn characteristic of the genus Liesbergia BERGER (1986).
Stratiaphic distribution:
Beutenaken: ex. 1 to 20, Halembaye: scale. 35 to 80; Lower Campanian - Maastrichtian upper. (Zone with G. quadrata - Zone with B. junior). Turnhout: -919 to -775.01 m. lower-upper Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian.
In WILSON (1974), lower Maastrichtian -upper Maastrichtian. (occidentalis and lanceolata Zone - crassimirovensis and junior Zone), Denmark; (junior zone - crassimirovensis Zone), Maastricht region. "
Discussion: Schioler et al.1997, p. 81, 83
Apteodinium wilsonii Slimani, 1994 is transferred to Cribroperidinium Neale & Sarjeant, 1962, emend. Helenes, 1984, on the basis of the presence of a clearly visible sexiform gonyaulacoid paratabulation pattern expressed by surface ridges on the illustrations of the holotype. The paratabulation is visible in light microscope (Plate III, 13, 14) as well as in scanning electron microscope (Plate III, 15, 16) on the specimens from the ENCI section. The Kofoid paratabulation pattern is: 4", 6", 6c, ?s, 6"", 1p, 1"""".
Stover and Evitt (1978) described the genus Apteodinium Eisenack, 1958 as being essentially non-tabulate, rarely provided with faint parasutural features. Helenes (1984) suggested transfer of species from Apteodinlum to other genera once their paratabulation pattern becomes known. Lucas-Clark (1987) emended Apteodinium to allow faint paratabulation and various types of wall structures and suggested transfer of species from Apteodinium to other genera if their paratabulation is more clearly expressed and complete than is typical of Apteodinium. In her comparison of the genera Apteodinium and Cribroperidinium she points to the faint, only partly expressed development of paratabulation in members of Apteodinium as opposed to the presence of parasutural ridges and septae and a complete paratabulation pattern in Cribroperidinium. By transferring Apteodinium wilsonii to Cribroperidinium we follow the suggestions of Helenes (1984) and Lucas-Clark (1987).
Occurrence: Previous; Campanian-Maastrichtian in Beutenaken and Halembaye (Belgium), Maastrichtian in the Maastricht area (The Netherlands) and Denmark, Maastrichtian in New Jersey. ENCI section; rare throughout the section up to the Caster Horizon, absent above.
Cribroperidinium graemei Williams et al., 1998, p.147. Holotype: Slimani, 1994, pl.14, figs.5–9. Originally Apteodinium wilsonii, subsequently Cribroperidinium wilsonii (name illegitimate), thirdly (and now) Cribroperidinium graemei. Substitute name for Cribroperidinium wilsonii (Slimani, 1994, p.90–91, pl.14, figs.5–11) Schiøler et al., 1997, p.81 (an illegitimate name). Taxonomic junior synonym: Gonyaulacysta filosa (name not validly published), according to Schiøler et al. (1997, p.81). Age: early Campanian–late Maastrichtian.
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Basionym: Apteodinium wilsonii Slimani, 1994, pl. 14, 5-11.
Holotype: Halembaye 57 no. 2, Slimani, 1994. pl. 14, figs. 5-9.
Synonyms:
Gonyaulacysta filosa; Wilson, 1974, unpubl. thesis, p. 227, pl. 14, figs. 11, 12.
Apteodinium sp. A; May, 1980, p. 43, pl. 5, figs. 1-4.
Apteodinium granulatum; Marheinecke, 1992, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 2-4.
Apteodinium wilsonii sp. Nov. (PI.14, Fig.5-11) Derivation of name: In honor of Dr. Graeme WILSON who described the same type of cyst in his PhD work. unpublished (see synonymy below). Holotvpe: Halembaye ech. 57, preparation 2, coord. E.F. W28. Type locality: Halembaye ex. 57. Typical horizon: Upper Maastrichtian. (Member of ixhe 1). Synonymy: 1974: Gonyaulacysta filosa n. sp. in WILSON, p. 227, pl. 4, fig. 11.12. 7197 5: Apteodinium sp.- WILLIAM S and BRIDEAUX, pl. 11, fig. 9. 90 1977: Gonyaulacysta filosa WILSON uned. - SCHUMACKER-LAMBRY in STREEL et al., pl. 4, fig. 8. 71980: Apteodinium sp. A-MAY, p. 43, pl. 5, fig. 1 - 4.
Diagnosis:
Small Apteodinium cyst with a small conical apical horn and a material-covered autophragm
fibromicrocrosslinked. A sexiform gonyaulacoid type paratabulation is completely or partially expressed by low fibrous to reticulate ridges; its formula is as follows: 4', 6'', 6c, 6''', 1''''.
Dimensions:
Holotype: length: 50 pm, width: 38 pm.
Variations: length: 37 - 50, width: 32 - 40 pm.
Length of apical horn: 2 - 6 pm.
Number of specimens measured: 20.
Material:
> 80 specimens.
Description:
The shape of the cyst is generally ovoid with a more or less angular outline. It bears a small conical and fibrous apical horn. The autophragm is approximately 1 µm thick and in close contact with the fibroreticulated material. The thickness of the entire cyst wall generally varies between 2 and 3 μm. The paracingulum, 3 to 5 pm wide, is well marked by ridges approximately 3 pm high; it is strongly laevorotatory: the displacement between its two ventral extremities is on average 5 pm. The parasulcus, apparently unsegmented, is indicated by a strongly twisted longitudinal surface. The archeopyle is precingulate type P(3"") with a free or rarely attached operculum.
Comparison:
Apteodinium wilsonii sp. nov. corresponds to Gonyaulacysta filosa of WILSON (1974); and to the specimen called Gonyaulacysta fdosa WILSON (1974) unpublished by SCHUMACKER-LAMBRY in STREEL et al. (1977). She stands out at A. deflandrei (CLARKE and VERDIER, 1967) LUCAS-CLAR K (1987) (Pl. 14, Fig. 43) especially by its shorter apical horn, by its thinner wall and by the fibroreticulate appearance of the material covering the autophragm , instead of being cavernous, spongy and perforated. It also differs from Cribroperidinium conjunctum (EISENACK and COOKSON, 1960) HELENES (1984), and from A. granulatum EISENACK (1958a) by the nature of its wall and by the presence of a lighter paratabulation. A. thelium SARJEANT (1985a) presents a wall devoid of tabulation indices. Liesbergia abdounensis SONCINI (1992) is twice as large as that of A. wilsonii and bears a horn characteristic of the genus Liesbergia BERGER (1986).
Stratiaphic distribution:
Beutenaken: ex. 1 to 20, Halembaye: scale. 35 to 80; Lower Campanian - Maastrichtian upper. (Zone with G. quadrata - Zone with B. junior). Turnhout: -919 to -775.01 m. lower-upper Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian.
In WILSON (1974), lower Maastrichtian -upper Maastrichtian. (occidentalis and lanceolata Zone - crassimirovensis and junior Zone), Denmark; (junior zone - crassimirovensis Zone), Maastricht region. "
Discussion: Schioler et al.1997, p. 81, 83
Apteodinium wilsonii Slimani, 1994 is transferred to Cribroperidinium Neale & Sarjeant, 1962, emend. Helenes, 1984, on the basis of the presence of a clearly visible sexiform gonyaulacoid paratabulation pattern expressed by surface ridges on the illustrations of the holotype. The paratabulation is visible in light microscope (Plate III, 13, 14) as well as in scanning electron microscope (Plate III, 15, 16) on the specimens from the ENCI section. The Kofoid paratabulation pattern is: 4", 6", 6c, ?s, 6"", 1p, 1"""".
Stover and Evitt (1978) described the genus Apteodinium Eisenack, 1958 as being essentially non-tabulate, rarely provided with faint parasutural features. Helenes (1984) suggested transfer of species from Apteodinlum to other genera once their paratabulation pattern becomes known. Lucas-Clark (1987) emended Apteodinium to allow faint paratabulation and various types of wall structures and suggested transfer of species from Apteodinium to other genera if their paratabulation is more clearly expressed and complete than is typical of Apteodinium. In her comparison of the genera Apteodinium and Cribroperidinium she points to the faint, only partly expressed development of paratabulation in members of Apteodinium as opposed to the presence of parasutural ridges and septae and a complete paratabulation pattern in Cribroperidinium. By transferring Apteodinium wilsonii to Cribroperidinium we follow the suggestions of Helenes (1984) and Lucas-Clark (1987).
Occurrence: Previous; Campanian-Maastrichtian in Beutenaken and Halembaye (Belgium), Maastrichtian in the Maastricht area (The Netherlands) and Denmark, Maastrichtian in New Jersey. ENCI section; rare throughout the section up to the Caster Horizon, absent above.