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Lingulodinium bergmannii
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Lingulodinium bergmannii (Archangelsky, 1969a, p.414–415, pl.2, figs.8,11) Quattrocchio and Sarjeant, 2003, p.142. Holotype: Archangelsky, 1969a, pl.2, fig.11. Originally Cleistosphaeridium, subsequently Operculodinium, thirdly Downiesphaeridium, fourthly (and now) Lingulodinium. Taxonomic junior synonyms: Solisphaeridium filamentosum (Appendix A) and Impletosphaeridium charrieri, both according to Quattrocchio and Sarjeant (2003, p.142). Quattrocchio and Sarjeant (2003, p.142) considered this species to be the possible taxonomic senior synonym of Operculodinium radiculatum. Masure in Fauconnier and Masure (2004, p.197) proposed the retention of this species in Operculodinium, but was not aware of the work of Quattrocchio and Sarjeant (2003). Age: Eocene.
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Original description: [Archangelsky, 1969a] (translated from Spanish):
Cleistosphaeridium bergmannii n. sp.
Pl. II, figs. 8, 11
DIAGNOSIS. Subspherical to suboval cyst, with a robust (34) and granular membrane, and a subrounded archeopyle. Solid processes, more than 50, robust, proximally expanded, straight or arcuate, narrowing toward a sharp apex, sometimes capitate.
HOLOTYPE: LP-PB preparation no. 710, coordinates 43.3/113.9.
HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS: Body length: 40 μ (with archeopyle); body width: 42 μ; archeopyle: 24 μ; processes: 8 μ.
DISTRIBUTION: Río Turbio Formation, levels 372-373 m, 403-405 m, 504-505 m, 698-699 m and 692-693 m, Well D-15.
DISCUSSION AND COMPARISONS. This species is distinguished by its robust body, sculptured with granulations, and by the nature of its processes, which are generally shorter than in most species of this genus. The apices of the processes may be acute or capitate, and occasionally processes fused at the base are observed.
I include this new species in the genus Cleistosphaeridium of Davey et al. (1966) because our forms present a typical archeopyle, by the nature of the processes, and by their number.
Cleistosphaeridium disjunctum Devey et al. from the Eocene of England is similar in size, but the processes are hollow and somewhat longer (10-19 μ). Cleistosphaeridium tiara (Klumpp) from the Upper Eocene of Germany appears to be a larger form, although it is similar in body thickness. The apical archeopyle, illustrated in plate 17 fig. 10 (Klumpp, 1953), is very similar to ours. The spines are different, larger, reaching up to 28 μ, and are not conical but have parallel edges.
Baltisphaeridium centrocarpum Deflandre and Cookson (1955) and Gerlach (1961) has a more delicate body and longer spines (13-18 μ). The form illustrated by Gerlach in his plate 28 fig. 9, however, is more similar to ours. These specimens correspond to the Middle Oligocene.
Cleistosphaeridium machaerophorum (Deflandre and Cookson) from the Miocene of Australia has longer spines (13 to 18΄ μ). It resembles ours in the shape of the spines and the body; it was also cited by Gerlach (1961) for the Middle Oligocene of Germany
Baltisphaeridium cf. machaerophorum Deflandre et Cookson, as described by Pothe de Baldis for the Tertiary Inferior from Tierra del Fuego, differs in that its spines are thinner and more delicate, often sinuous; the body is also more delicate than that of Cleistosphaeridium bergmannii. I have had the opportunity to observe specimens from this provenance; the presence of a clear archeopyle in some would then allow us to refer them to the genus Cleistosphaeridium, as was already done with the typical specimens from Australia (Davey et al., 1966, p. 170).
I dedicate this species to Dr. F. Bergmann, geologist at Yacimientos Carboníferos Fisealcs.
Lingulodinium bergmannii (Archangelsky, 1969a, p.414–415, pl.2, figs.8,11) Quattrocchio and Sarjeant, 2003, p.142. Holotype: Archangelsky, 1969a, pl.2, fig.11. Originally Cleistosphaeridium, subsequently Operculodinium, thirdly Downiesphaeridium, fourthly (and now) Lingulodinium. Taxonomic junior synonyms: Solisphaeridium filamentosum (Appendix A) and Impletosphaeridium charrieri, both according to Quattrocchio and Sarjeant (2003, p.142). Quattrocchio and Sarjeant (2003, p.142) considered this species to be the possible taxonomic senior synonym of Operculodinium radiculatum. Masure in Fauconnier and Masure (2004, p.197) proposed the retention of this species in Operculodinium, but was not aware of the work of Quattrocchio and Sarjeant (2003). Age: Eocene.
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Original description: [Archangelsky, 1969a] (translated from Spanish):
Cleistosphaeridium bergmannii n. sp.
Pl. II, figs. 8, 11
DIAGNOSIS. Subspherical to suboval cyst, with a robust (34) and granular membrane, and a subrounded archeopyle. Solid processes, more than 50, robust, proximally expanded, straight or arcuate, narrowing toward a sharp apex, sometimes capitate.
HOLOTYPE: LP-PB preparation no. 710, coordinates 43.3/113.9.
HOLOTYPE MEASUREMENTS: Body length: 40 μ (with archeopyle); body width: 42 μ; archeopyle: 24 μ; processes: 8 μ.
DISTRIBUTION: Río Turbio Formation, levels 372-373 m, 403-405 m, 504-505 m, 698-699 m and 692-693 m, Well D-15.
DISCUSSION AND COMPARISONS. This species is distinguished by its robust body, sculptured with granulations, and by the nature of its processes, which are generally shorter than in most species of this genus. The apices of the processes may be acute or capitate, and occasionally processes fused at the base are observed.
I include this new species in the genus Cleistosphaeridium of Davey et al. (1966) because our forms present a typical archeopyle, by the nature of the processes, and by their number.
Cleistosphaeridium disjunctum Devey et al. from the Eocene of England is similar in size, but the processes are hollow and somewhat longer (10-19 μ). Cleistosphaeridium tiara (Klumpp) from the Upper Eocene of Germany appears to be a larger form, although it is similar in body thickness. The apical archeopyle, illustrated in plate 17 fig. 10 (Klumpp, 1953), is very similar to ours. The spines are different, larger, reaching up to 28 μ, and are not conical but have parallel edges.
Baltisphaeridium centrocarpum Deflandre and Cookson (1955) and Gerlach (1961) has a more delicate body and longer spines (13-18 μ). The form illustrated by Gerlach in his plate 28 fig. 9, however, is more similar to ours. These specimens correspond to the Middle Oligocene.
Cleistosphaeridium machaerophorum (Deflandre and Cookson) from the Miocene of Australia has longer spines (13 to 18΄ μ). It resembles ours in the shape of the spines and the body; it was also cited by Gerlach (1961) for the Middle Oligocene of Germany
Baltisphaeridium cf. machaerophorum Deflandre et Cookson, as described by Pothe de Baldis for the Tertiary Inferior from Tierra del Fuego, differs in that its spines are thinner and more delicate, often sinuous; the body is also more delicate than that of Cleistosphaeridium bergmannii. I have had the opportunity to observe specimens from this provenance; the presence of a clear archeopyle in some would then allow us to refer them to the genus Cleistosphaeridium, as was already done with the typical specimens from Australia (Davey et al., 1966, p. 170).
I dedicate this species to Dr. F. Bergmann, geologist at Yacimientos Carboníferos Fisealcs.