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Pareodinia ceratophora
Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre, 1947; emend. Gocht, 1970; emend. Below, 1990
Tax. sr. synonym of Kalyptea monoceras Cookson and Eisenack, 1960, according to Wiggins, 1975. Backhouse, 1988 retained Kalyptea monoceras as a separate species; however, Kunz, 1990 and Below, 1990 agreed with Wiggins, 1975.
Tax. sr. synonym of Paranetrelytron strongylum Sarjeant, 1966 according to Wiggins, 1975 and Kunz 1990.
Tax. sr. synonym of Pareodinia aphelia Cookson and Eisenack, 1968, according to Wiggins, 1975 and Kunz, 1990; however, Below, 1990 retained Pareodinia aphelia as a separate species.
Tax. sr. synonym of Pareodinia nuda (Downie, 1957) Sarjeant, 1967, according to Wiggins, 1975 and Stover and Evitt, 1978. Sarjeant, 1976 and Lentin and Williams, 1989 retained Pareodinia nuda as a separate species; however, Kunz, 1990 agreed with Wiggins, 1975.
Questionable tax. sr. synonym of Kalyptea jurassica Alberti, 1961 and Kalyptea diceras Cookson and Eisenack, 1960, according to Gocht, 1970.
Tax. sr. synonym, as Pareodinia ceratophora var. ceratophora, of Netrelytron parum Gitmez, 1970, according to Below, 1990. Below, 1990 cited "Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre 1947, var. pachyceras Sarjeant, 1976" as a jr. synonym of Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre, 1947, emend. var. ceratophora. Below, 1990 in emending the diagnosis of this taxon gave the citation "Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre 1947 emend., var. ceratophora".
Holotype: Deflandre, 1947, text-fig.1 (collection A. Eisenack; from the Baltic domain)
Paratypes; Deflandre, 1947 (collection A. Bigot; from France)
Locus typicus: Baltic domain
Stratum typicum: Late Callovian
Translation Deflandre, 1947: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 116, LPP
Translation Gocht, 1970: LPP
Translation Below, 1990: LPP
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre, 1947d, emend. Gocht, 1970b. Below (1990, p.66-67) emended Pareodinia ceratophora var ceratophora and Pareodinia ceratophora var. scopaeus. For P.ceratophora var ceratophora, he said it has an apical horn which is long, slender and only slightly differentiated. Antapex lobate or with a central depression between low antapical bulges of unequal size, or rounded. Wall of thin pedium and granulate luxuria, the surface uniformly coarsely shagreenate, with or without outer kalyptra, nonareate. With anteriorly geniculate 2", anteriorly geniculate 3", anteriorly linear 4", anteriorly geniculate 5", 3"/4" boundary dorsal; archeopyle anterior intercalary 1a + 2a; operculum solvate, opercular pieces secate, general opercular formula 1as + 2as.Size: length 65-78 µm, width 35-38 µm.
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Original description: Deflandre, 1947, p. 4
Diagnosis of the genus valid for the species: Microfossil with an apparently cellulosic membrane, deprived of any trace of furrows and tabulation, general form ellipsoidal or oval, drawn out at one of the poles into a strong horn; transverse section circular. Membrane brownish, apprently smooth in the well-preserved specimens, sometimes more or less granular. Total length 65-78 µm, width about 35-38 µm.
Emended diagnosis: Gocht, 1970, p. 154-156
Body elongate, apically streched into a single horn. Membrane smooth or weakly granulate. Girdle located beyond the middle, shallow, often entirely absent. Sometimes remainders of the precingular and postcingular plates. Antapex convex or flattened, exceptionally with antapical tip.
Archaeopyle large, intercalary, two-plated. Outer mantle ("kalyptra") consisting of fluffy organic substance.
Emended description: Below, 1990, p. 66-67L Pareodinia ceratophora emend. var. ceratophora
Vesicle-/plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3', 2a, 6'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM, ls, rs, ps; 1' exsert, quadragonal 1a and hexagonal 2a. Growth of thecal plates ?gonyaulacoidal.
Zygote cyst proximate, acavate, cornucavate, elongate tear-shaped to ellipsoidal, streched into the long, slender, only slightly offset apical horn, antapex lobate, or with a central indentation between unequally large, flat antapical bulges, or rounded; wall consisting of thin pedium and granular luxuria, surface evenly chagrinate, with or without surrounding kalyptra, nontabulate; tabulation scheme NR PR/XPR, NR', 1a(arch), 2a(arch), NR'', NRc, NR''', NR'''', NRs; IV 1a (DDL) and VI 2a (DR); anteriorly geniculate 2'' (L), anteriorly geniculate 3'' (DDL), anteriorly linear 4'' (DDR), anteriorly geniculate 5'' (R); suture 3''/4'' dorsal;
Archaeopyle: anterior intercalary, 1a +2a
Operculum: solvate, opercular plates sectae, general opercular formula 1a(s) + 2a(s).
Dimensions (without kalyptra):
Length 61-87 µm, width 31-42 µm (ca. 40 specimens).
Tax. sr. synonym of Kalyptea monoceras Cookson and Eisenack, 1960, according to Wiggins, 1975. Backhouse, 1988 retained Kalyptea monoceras as a separate species; however, Kunz, 1990 and Below, 1990 agreed with Wiggins, 1975.
Tax. sr. synonym of Paranetrelytron strongylum Sarjeant, 1966 according to Wiggins, 1975 and Kunz 1990.
Tax. sr. synonym of Pareodinia aphelia Cookson and Eisenack, 1968, according to Wiggins, 1975 and Kunz, 1990; however, Below, 1990 retained Pareodinia aphelia as a separate species.
Tax. sr. synonym of Pareodinia nuda (Downie, 1957) Sarjeant, 1967, according to Wiggins, 1975 and Stover and Evitt, 1978. Sarjeant, 1976 and Lentin and Williams, 1989 retained Pareodinia nuda as a separate species; however, Kunz, 1990 agreed with Wiggins, 1975.
Questionable tax. sr. synonym of Kalyptea jurassica Alberti, 1961 and Kalyptea diceras Cookson and Eisenack, 1960, according to Gocht, 1970.
Tax. sr. synonym, as Pareodinia ceratophora var. ceratophora, of Netrelytron parum Gitmez, 1970, according to Below, 1990. Below, 1990 cited "Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre 1947, var. pachyceras Sarjeant, 1976" as a jr. synonym of Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre, 1947, emend. var. ceratophora. Below, 1990 in emending the diagnosis of this taxon gave the citation "Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre 1947 emend., var. ceratophora".
Holotype: Deflandre, 1947, text-fig.1 (collection A. Eisenack; from the Baltic domain)
Paratypes; Deflandre, 1947 (collection A. Bigot; from France)
Locus typicus: Baltic domain
Stratum typicum: Late Callovian
Translation Deflandre, 1947: Stover and Evitt, 1978, p. 116, LPP
Translation Gocht, 1970: LPP
Translation Below, 1990: LPP
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G.L. Williams short notes on species, Mesozoic-Cenozoic dinocyst course, Urbino, Italy, May 17-22, 1999 - LPP VIEWER CD-ROM 99.5.
Pareodinia ceratophora Deflandre, 1947d, emend. Gocht, 1970b. Below (1990, p.66-67) emended Pareodinia ceratophora var ceratophora and Pareodinia ceratophora var. scopaeus. For P.ceratophora var ceratophora, he said it has an apical horn which is long, slender and only slightly differentiated. Antapex lobate or with a central depression between low antapical bulges of unequal size, or rounded. Wall of thin pedium and granulate luxuria, the surface uniformly coarsely shagreenate, with or without outer kalyptra, nonareate. With anteriorly geniculate 2", anteriorly geniculate 3", anteriorly linear 4", anteriorly geniculate 5", 3"/4" boundary dorsal; archeopyle anterior intercalary 1a + 2a; operculum solvate, opercular pieces secate, general opercular formula 1as + 2as.Size: length 65-78 µm, width 35-38 µm.
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Original description: Deflandre, 1947, p. 4
Diagnosis of the genus valid for the species: Microfossil with an apparently cellulosic membrane, deprived of any trace of furrows and tabulation, general form ellipsoidal or oval, drawn out at one of the poles into a strong horn; transverse section circular. Membrane brownish, apprently smooth in the well-preserved specimens, sometimes more or less granular. Total length 65-78 µm, width about 35-38 µm.
Emended diagnosis: Gocht, 1970, p. 154-156
Body elongate, apically streched into a single horn. Membrane smooth or weakly granulate. Girdle located beyond the middle, shallow, often entirely absent. Sometimes remainders of the precingular and postcingular plates. Antapex convex or flattened, exceptionally with antapical tip.
Archaeopyle large, intercalary, two-plated. Outer mantle ("kalyptra") consisting of fluffy organic substance.
Emended description: Below, 1990, p. 66-67L Pareodinia ceratophora emend. var. ceratophora
Vesicle-/plate arrangement of the dinoflagellate amphiesma cop, pop, cap, 3', 2a, 6'', 7c, 6''', 2'''', as, FM, ls, rs, ps; 1' exsert, quadragonal 1a and hexagonal 2a. Growth of thecal plates ?gonyaulacoidal.
Zygote cyst proximate, acavate, cornucavate, elongate tear-shaped to ellipsoidal, streched into the long, slender, only slightly offset apical horn, antapex lobate, or with a central indentation between unequally large, flat antapical bulges, or rounded; wall consisting of thin pedium and granular luxuria, surface evenly chagrinate, with or without surrounding kalyptra, nontabulate; tabulation scheme NR PR/XPR, NR', 1a(arch), 2a(arch), NR'', NRc, NR''', NR'''', NRs; IV 1a (DDL) and VI 2a (DR); anteriorly geniculate 2'' (L), anteriorly geniculate 3'' (DDL), anteriorly linear 4'' (DDR), anteriorly geniculate 5'' (R); suture 3''/4'' dorsal;
Archaeopyle: anterior intercalary, 1a +2a
Operculum: solvate, opercular plates sectae, general opercular formula 1a(s) + 2a(s).
Dimensions (without kalyptra):
Length 61-87 µm, width 31-42 µm (ca. 40 specimens).