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Votadinium elongatum
Votadinium elongatum He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991, p.297, pl.2, figs.11–12.
Holotype: He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991, pl.2, fig.11.
Age: Quaternary.
Original description (He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991)
Cyst proximate, elongate peridinioid, compressed dorsoventrally with cingular area rounded. Epicyst bearing a conspicuous apical horn, cylindrical to conical. Hypocyst extending straight-backwards two blunt antapical horns of approximately equal size, forming U-shaped antapical concavity. Wall thin, 0.5-1 µm thick, single-layered or with two layers closely appressed, light brown to pale yellow in color, surface smooth or with several secondary folds. Paracingulum sometimes faintly expressed or marked, on the type specimen, by a transverse equatorial fold. Parasulcus deep, restricted to hypocyst and broader posteriorly. Archeopyle, when present, intercalary, subcircular in outline, formed by loss of large paraplate 2a. Operculum free or lying within cyst.
Dimensions: Cyst length 70-77 µm, breath 40-49 µm, apical horn 6-10 µm long, antapical horns 11-14 µm and 16 µm long respectively. Holotype: cyst length 70 µm, breadth 40 µm, apical horn about 10 µm long, antapical horns 14 µm and 16 µm long respectively.
Distribution: Cyst similar to the present new species were found in the Galway, Eire, and the Outer Hebrides, Britain. Recent.
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[Remarks from Gurdebeke et al., 2019b]:
Remarks. The identification of V. elongatum with the cyst of Protoperidinium oblongum in Wall and Dale (1968, pl. 1, figs 23–24) by He and Sun (1991) is not followed here, since the difference in morphology is clear (e.g. rounded instead of straight, more conspicuous apical horn). As such, the motile stage equivalent of V. elongatum remains unknown. The original illustrations are reproduced in Plate 2, figures 1, 2 as this publication is not widely available.
Comparison. Distinguished from other Votadinium species by the large size, elongated (high L/W) and rounded body shape, and rounded archeopyle. Votadinium elongatum is comparable to V. reidii in size, but V. reidii typically has a straight outline and a hexagonal archeopyle.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. This species has been rarely reported. It was recorded in Recent sediments from around the Spratly Islands (type area) and the Sunda Shelf (Kawamura 2004), the southwestern waters off Taiwan and the shelf off Hainan Island (South China Sea), and from the west coast of India (Prasad et al. 2007). Wall (1965) recorded V. elongatum from Woods Hole (Massachusetts, USA).
Holotype: He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991, pl.2, fig.11.
Age: Quaternary.
Original description (He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991)
Cyst proximate, elongate peridinioid, compressed dorsoventrally with cingular area rounded. Epicyst bearing a conspicuous apical horn, cylindrical to conical. Hypocyst extending straight-backwards two blunt antapical horns of approximately equal size, forming U-shaped antapical concavity. Wall thin, 0.5-1 µm thick, single-layered or with two layers closely appressed, light brown to pale yellow in color, surface smooth or with several secondary folds. Paracingulum sometimes faintly expressed or marked, on the type specimen, by a transverse equatorial fold. Parasulcus deep, restricted to hypocyst and broader posteriorly. Archeopyle, when present, intercalary, subcircular in outline, formed by loss of large paraplate 2a. Operculum free or lying within cyst.
Dimensions: Cyst length 70-77 µm, breath 40-49 µm, apical horn 6-10 µm long, antapical horns 11-14 µm and 16 µm long respectively. Holotype: cyst length 70 µm, breadth 40 µm, apical horn about 10 µm long, antapical horns 14 µm and 16 µm long respectively.
Distribution: Cyst similar to the present new species were found in the Galway, Eire, and the Outer Hebrides, Britain. Recent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Remarks from Gurdebeke et al., 2019b]:
Remarks. The identification of V. elongatum with the cyst of Protoperidinium oblongum in Wall and Dale (1968, pl. 1, figs 23–24) by He and Sun (1991) is not followed here, since the difference in morphology is clear (e.g. rounded instead of straight, more conspicuous apical horn). As such, the motile stage equivalent of V. elongatum remains unknown. The original illustrations are reproduced in Plate 2, figures 1, 2 as this publication is not widely available.
Comparison. Distinguished from other Votadinium species by the large size, elongated (high L/W) and rounded body shape, and rounded archeopyle. Votadinium elongatum is comparable to V. reidii in size, but V. reidii typically has a straight outline and a hexagonal archeopyle.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. This species has been rarely reported. It was recorded in Recent sediments from around the Spratly Islands (type area) and the Sunda Shelf (Kawamura 2004), the southwestern waters off Taiwan and the shelf off Hainan Island (South China Sea), and from the west coast of India (Prasad et al. 2007). Wall (1965) recorded V. elongatum from Woods Hole (Massachusetts, USA).