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Votadinium nanhaiense
From Fensome et al., 2019:
Votadinium nanhaiense He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991, p.297–298, pl.2, figs.13–17.
Holotype: He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991, pl.2, fig.15.
Age: Quaternary.
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Original description (He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991)
Cyst proximate, elongate peridinioid, always with shoulders, compressed dorsoventrally, equatorial area prominently bulging outwards. Epicyst and hypocyst of approximately equal size. Epicyst bell-shaped with a triangular apical horn, blunt at tip. Hypocyst trapezoidal, with a gently arc-shaped antapical margin and two strongly divergent antapical horns of nearly the same size and blunt at free ends. Autophragm pale yellow in color, surface smooth or folded. Both paracingulum and parasulcus faint or absent. Archeopyle very large, intercalary, rounded six-sided or subcircular in outline, and situated in the mid-dorsal surface just below apex. Operculum free or falling into cyst cavity.
Dimensions. Cyst length 65-75.8 µm, breadth 49-53.5 µm, apical horn 9-11 µm long, antapical horns 6.7-11 µm long. Holotype: cyst length 75.9 µm, breadth 53.5 µm, apical horn 11 µm long, antapical horns 6.7 µm and 9 µm long respectively.
Comparison. Epicyst with shoulders, prominently convex equatorial area, strongly divergent antapical horns and gently arc-shaped rather than U-shaped antapical margin distinguish this species from Votadinium elongatum.
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[Remarks from Gurdebeke et al., 2019b]:
Remarks. The original photograph of the holotype is reproduced in Plate 2, figures 7–9, as this publication is not widely available.
Comparison. The divergent antapical horns and epicystal shoulders clearly distinguish V. nanhaiense from other species within the genus.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. He and Sun (1991) described Votadinium nanhaiense from recent sediments from the South China Sea (type area). The species was also recorded in recent sediments from the Arabian Sea by Jurkschat (2003), off the coast of India by Narale et al. (2013) and, as this study shows, Holocene sediments from the South China Sea.
Votadinium nanhaiense He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991, p.297–298, pl.2, figs.13–17.
Holotype: He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991, pl.2, fig.15.
Age: Quaternary.
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Original description (He Chengquan and Sun Xuekun, 1991)
Cyst proximate, elongate peridinioid, always with shoulders, compressed dorsoventrally, equatorial area prominently bulging outwards. Epicyst and hypocyst of approximately equal size. Epicyst bell-shaped with a triangular apical horn, blunt at tip. Hypocyst trapezoidal, with a gently arc-shaped antapical margin and two strongly divergent antapical horns of nearly the same size and blunt at free ends. Autophragm pale yellow in color, surface smooth or folded. Both paracingulum and parasulcus faint or absent. Archeopyle very large, intercalary, rounded six-sided or subcircular in outline, and situated in the mid-dorsal surface just below apex. Operculum free or falling into cyst cavity.
Dimensions. Cyst length 65-75.8 µm, breadth 49-53.5 µm, apical horn 9-11 µm long, antapical horns 6.7-11 µm long. Holotype: cyst length 75.9 µm, breadth 53.5 µm, apical horn 11 µm long, antapical horns 6.7 µm and 9 µm long respectively.
Comparison. Epicyst with shoulders, prominently convex equatorial area, strongly divergent antapical horns and gently arc-shaped rather than U-shaped antapical margin distinguish this species from Votadinium elongatum.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Remarks from Gurdebeke et al., 2019b]:
Remarks. The original photograph of the holotype is reproduced in Plate 2, figures 7–9, as this publication is not widely available.
Comparison. The divergent antapical horns and epicystal shoulders clearly distinguish V. nanhaiense from other species within the genus.
Distribution and stratigraphic range. He and Sun (1991) described Votadinium nanhaiense from recent sediments from the South China Sea (type area). The species was also recorded in recent sediments from the Arabian Sea by Jurkschat (2003), off the coast of India by Narale et al. (2013) and, as this study shows, Holocene sediments from the South China Sea.