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Baileyella
From Fensome et al., 2019:
"Baileyella", Özdikmen, 2009, p.234.
Name illegitimate -- nomenclatural senior synonym: Durotrigia.
Özdikmen (2009) considered Durotrigia Bailey to be illegitimate because it is a junior homonym of Durotrigia Hoffstetter, 1967; however, Durotrigia Hoffstetter is an animal and under the ICN it does not pre-empt Durotrigia Bailey.
Type: Bailey, 1987, pl.2, figs.1,4,9, as Durotrigia daveyi.
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Original description: [Bailey, 1987] (as Durotrigia):
Genus Durotrigia gen. nov.
Durotrigiu daveyi gen. et sp. nov.
(PI. I, figs. 1-5, pl. 2, figs. 1-11; Fig. 2a-d)
1980 Gonyaulacid sp. I Davey: pl. 1, figs. 11, 12.
1980 Gonyaulacid sp. II Davey: pl. 1, figs. 15, 16.
Derivation of name. Named after the Durotriges, the ancient Celtic tribe who inhabited Dorset. The specific name is after Roger Davey, who first recorded this form.
Diagnosis generico-specifica (ICBN art. 42). Cyst subspherical. proximate or proximochorate. Gonyaulacacean tabulation: (lacl, lpr, 4‘, 2a, 6”, 6c, 6”‘, 1p, 1””, 5s, flagellar pore area ). The archaeopyle is formed by the loss of 1 to 5 precingular plates (1P-5P). The autophragm is well tabulated, with distinct sutural ridges surmounted by isolated projections and/or crests, which may be perforate.
Holotype. Slide CSA 145911. MPK 1188, EF reference H. 3412.
Paratype. Slide MPA 2212/2 EF, reference C.33 MPK 5326.
Type locality. BGS borehole 50/03 329 at 9.5-10.5m. Inferior Oolite (sauzei Zone).
Description
SHAPE. Cyst subspherical.
WALL RELATIONSHIPS. Autophragm only.
WALL FEATURES. Sutural features include low ridges, usually surmounted by isolated projections and/or denticulate crests which may be perforate. The spines/denticulations may be distally bifurcate, and tend to be more complex about the cingulum and antapical pole. Gonal spines are also large. The autophragm has a complex structure (see PI. 1, fig. S), appearing scabrate in transmitted light.
TABULATION. Indicated by variable, but distinct sutural features. Gonyaulacacean formula: 1acl, 1pr, 4', 2a, 6", 6c, 6"', 1p, 1"", 5s, flagellar pore area.
ARCHAEOPYLE. Precingular, formed by the loss of up to five precingular plates. Cysts with varying dehiscence; 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P and 5P. The most common type is 4P, with the first and sixth precingulars remaining attached, forming a broad isthmus joining the apical series to the hypocyst. Excystment begins dorsally at the 3" plate and progresses ventrally in both directions.
CINGULUM. Indicated by six rectangular plates. Cingular sutures often carry complex denticulate crests which may be perforate and bear bifurcate spines (Fig 2c). Ornamentation is symmetrical about the cingulum.
SULCUS. Clearly discernible. The innermost part of the sulcus is occupied by a large flagellar pore area where no detail can be distinguished. Surrounding this area are five sulcal plates; as, ras, rs, ps, Is. (Fig. 2d).
Comparison. Durotrigia gen. nov. differs from all other genera in having a variable (1P-5P) archaeopyle. Diacanthum Habib (Habib & Drugg, 1987) has a variable ( 1P-3P) archaeopyle. Dissiliodinium Drugg, 1978 loses four or five precingulars and is non tabulate. Occisucysta Gitmez, 1970 and Tehamadinium Jan du Chene et al., 1986 both have a 2P(2" 3") archaeopyle. Occisucysta differs further in being cornucavate and/or
suturocavate. Liesbergia Berger, 1986 has a P(3") or 2P(3" 4'') archaeopyle and has trabeculate parasutural ornament. Durotrigia gen. nov. also possesses two dorsal intercalary plates which do not occur in Dissiliodinium, Occisucysta, Diacanthium or Tehamadinium. Table 1 summarises the main distinguishing morphological features of Durotrigia and similar genera.
Lingulodinium Wall, 1967 is a skolochorate dinocyst with a variable precingular archaeopyle, but can also develop an epicystal archaeopyle. Ctenidodinium Deflandre, 1938 and related cysts have epicystal archaeopyles.
Diacanthum is originally described with a 2P(3" 4") archaeopyle (Habib, 1972). Unfortunately, the holotype for D. hollisteri Habib was lost. However, examination additional material (Habib & Drugg, 1987) has resulted in an emendation of Diacanthum to include variability ( 1P-3P) in the archaeopyle. Diacanthum filapicatum (Gocht) Stover & Evitt (1978) is described with a 2P(3" 4'') archaeopyle. Gocht (1970) noted that one plate often remained behind, and also, that "tears (along the cingulum) often extend up to the region of the longitudinal furrow". However, he
concluded that this was due to mechanical breakage.
Dissiliodinium globulum Drugg (1978) is described with a 4P or 5P archaeopyle, though it has been recorded as varying between 3P and 6P (W. Wille, pers. comm.). Dissiliodinium differs further from Durotrigia in lacking both tabulation and dorsal intercalaries.
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Emended description [Özdikmen, 2009] (as Baileyella):
Genus Baileyella nom. nov.
Durotrigia Bailey, 1987. J. Micropalaeontol. 6 (2): 89. (Protozoa: Sarcomastigophora: Mastigophora: Phytomastigophorea: Dinoflagellida: Diniferina: Gonyaulacidae). Type species: Durotrigia daveyi Bailey, 1987.
Preoccupied by Durotrigia Hoffstetter, 1967. In Lehman (Ed.). Problemes actuels de paleontologie. (Evolution des vertebres). Colloques int.Cent.natn.Rech.scient., Paris No.163: 362. (Reptilia: Diapsida: Lepidosauria: Squamata: Sauria). Type species: Durotrigia triconidens Hoffstetter, 1967
Etymology: The name is dedicated to D. A. Bailey who is the author of the preexisting genus Durotrigia.
Summary of nomenclatural changes:
Genus Baileyella nom. nov.
pro Durotrigia Bailey, 1987 (non Hoffstetter, 1967)
Type species Baileyella daveyi (Bailey, 1987) comb. nov.
from Durotrigia daveyi Bailey, 1987
"Baileyella", Özdikmen, 2009, p.234.
Name illegitimate -- nomenclatural senior synonym: Durotrigia.
Özdikmen (2009) considered Durotrigia Bailey to be illegitimate because it is a junior homonym of Durotrigia Hoffstetter, 1967; however, Durotrigia Hoffstetter is an animal and under the ICN it does not pre-empt Durotrigia Bailey.
Type: Bailey, 1987, pl.2, figs.1,4,9, as Durotrigia daveyi.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original description: [Bailey, 1987] (as Durotrigia):
Genus Durotrigia gen. nov.
Durotrigiu daveyi gen. et sp. nov.
(PI. I, figs. 1-5, pl. 2, figs. 1-11; Fig. 2a-d)
1980 Gonyaulacid sp. I Davey: pl. 1, figs. 11, 12.
1980 Gonyaulacid sp. II Davey: pl. 1, figs. 15, 16.
Derivation of name. Named after the Durotriges, the ancient Celtic tribe who inhabited Dorset. The specific name is after Roger Davey, who first recorded this form.
Diagnosis generico-specifica (ICBN art. 42). Cyst subspherical. proximate or proximochorate. Gonyaulacacean tabulation: (lacl, lpr, 4‘, 2a, 6”, 6c, 6”‘, 1p, 1””, 5s, flagellar pore area ). The archaeopyle is formed by the loss of 1 to 5 precingular plates (1P-5P). The autophragm is well tabulated, with distinct sutural ridges surmounted by isolated projections and/or crests, which may be perforate.
Holotype. Slide CSA 145911. MPK 1188, EF reference H. 3412.
Paratype. Slide MPA 2212/2 EF, reference C.33 MPK 5326.
Type locality. BGS borehole 50/03 329 at 9.5-10.5m. Inferior Oolite (sauzei Zone).
Description
SHAPE. Cyst subspherical.
WALL RELATIONSHIPS. Autophragm only.
WALL FEATURES. Sutural features include low ridges, usually surmounted by isolated projections and/or denticulate crests which may be perforate. The spines/denticulations may be distally bifurcate, and tend to be more complex about the cingulum and antapical pole. Gonal spines are also large. The autophragm has a complex structure (see PI. 1, fig. S), appearing scabrate in transmitted light.
TABULATION. Indicated by variable, but distinct sutural features. Gonyaulacacean formula: 1acl, 1pr, 4', 2a, 6", 6c, 6"', 1p, 1"", 5s, flagellar pore area.
ARCHAEOPYLE. Precingular, formed by the loss of up to five precingular plates. Cysts with varying dehiscence; 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P and 5P. The most common type is 4P, with the first and sixth precingulars remaining attached, forming a broad isthmus joining the apical series to the hypocyst. Excystment begins dorsally at the 3" plate and progresses ventrally in both directions.
CINGULUM. Indicated by six rectangular plates. Cingular sutures often carry complex denticulate crests which may be perforate and bear bifurcate spines (Fig 2c). Ornamentation is symmetrical about the cingulum.
SULCUS. Clearly discernible. The innermost part of the sulcus is occupied by a large flagellar pore area where no detail can be distinguished. Surrounding this area are five sulcal plates; as, ras, rs, ps, Is. (Fig. 2d).
Comparison. Durotrigia gen. nov. differs from all other genera in having a variable (1P-5P) archaeopyle. Diacanthum Habib (Habib & Drugg, 1987) has a variable ( 1P-3P) archaeopyle. Dissiliodinium Drugg, 1978 loses four or five precingulars and is non tabulate. Occisucysta Gitmez, 1970 and Tehamadinium Jan du Chene et al., 1986 both have a 2P(2" 3") archaeopyle. Occisucysta differs further in being cornucavate and/or
suturocavate. Liesbergia Berger, 1986 has a P(3") or 2P(3" 4'') archaeopyle and has trabeculate parasutural ornament. Durotrigia gen. nov. also possesses two dorsal intercalary plates which do not occur in Dissiliodinium, Occisucysta, Diacanthium or Tehamadinium. Table 1 summarises the main distinguishing morphological features of Durotrigia and similar genera.
Lingulodinium Wall, 1967 is a skolochorate dinocyst with a variable precingular archaeopyle, but can also develop an epicystal archaeopyle. Ctenidodinium Deflandre, 1938 and related cysts have epicystal archaeopyles.
Diacanthum is originally described with a 2P(3" 4") archaeopyle (Habib, 1972). Unfortunately, the holotype for D. hollisteri Habib was lost. However, examination additional material (Habib & Drugg, 1987) has resulted in an emendation of Diacanthum to include variability ( 1P-3P) in the archaeopyle. Diacanthum filapicatum (Gocht) Stover & Evitt (1978) is described with a 2P(3" 4'') archaeopyle. Gocht (1970) noted that one plate often remained behind, and also, that "tears (along the cingulum) often extend up to the region of the longitudinal furrow". However, he
concluded that this was due to mechanical breakage.
Dissiliodinium globulum Drugg (1978) is described with a 4P or 5P archaeopyle, though it has been recorded as varying between 3P and 6P (W. Wille, pers. comm.). Dissiliodinium differs further from Durotrigia in lacking both tabulation and dorsal intercalaries.
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Emended description [Özdikmen, 2009] (as Baileyella):
Genus Baileyella nom. nov.
Durotrigia Bailey, 1987. J. Micropalaeontol. 6 (2): 89. (Protozoa: Sarcomastigophora: Mastigophora: Phytomastigophorea: Dinoflagellida: Diniferina: Gonyaulacidae). Type species: Durotrigia daveyi Bailey, 1987.
Preoccupied by Durotrigia Hoffstetter, 1967. In Lehman (Ed.). Problemes actuels de paleontologie. (Evolution des vertebres). Colloques int.Cent.natn.Rech.scient., Paris No.163: 362. (Reptilia: Diapsida: Lepidosauria: Squamata: Sauria). Type species: Durotrigia triconidens Hoffstetter, 1967
Etymology: The name is dedicated to D. A. Bailey who is the author of the preexisting genus Durotrigia.
Summary of nomenclatural changes:
Genus Baileyella nom. nov.
pro Durotrigia Bailey, 1987 (non Hoffstetter, 1967)
Type species Baileyella daveyi (Bailey, 1987) comb. nov.
from Durotrigia daveyi Bailey, 1987